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Author : Raffaello Cossu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788862650014
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Urban mining : a global cycle approach to resource recovery from solid waste written by Raffaello Cossu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pankaj Pathak
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 100050963X
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Urban Mining for Waste Management and Resource Recovery written by Pankaj Pathak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-20 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific management strategies can help in exploring anthropogenic wastes (human-made materials) as potential resources through the urban mining concept and be a panacea for sustainable development. This book covers five broader aspects of waste management and resource recovery in urban mining including solid and liquid waste management and treatment. It explains sustainable approaches of urban mining for the effective management of solid and liquid wastes and facilitates their conversion into secondary resources. Overall, this book provides details of urban mining and its different applications including current waste management problems, practices, and challenges faced worldwide. Presents a holistic approach for urban mining considering various types of wastes Describes contemporary integrated approaches for waste management with specific case studies Provides technical, social, and environmental aspects of solid and liquid wastes Considers aspects of sustainability and a circular bio-economy Incorporates pertinent case studies on water and wastewater management This volume caters to researchers and graduate students in environmental engineering, solid waste management, wastewater treatment, and materials science.
Author : Raffaello Cossu
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124078818
Total Pages : 1192 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Solid Waste Landfilling written by Raffaello Cossu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 1192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Landfilling: Concepts, Processes, Technology provides information on technologies that promote stabilization and minimize environmental impacts in landfills. As the main challenges in waste management are the reduction and proper treatment of waste and the appropriate use of waste streams, the book satisfies the needs of a modern landfill, covering waste pre-treatment, in situ treatment, long-term behavior, closure, aftercare, environmental impact and sustainability. It is written for practitioners who need specific information on landfill construction and operation, but is also ideal for those concerned about the possible return of these sites to landscapes and their subsequent uses for future generations. - Includes input by international contributors from a vast number of disciplines - Provides worldwide approaches and technologies - Showcases the interdisciplinary nature of the topic - Focuses on sustainability, covering the lifecycle of landfills under the concept of minimizing environmental impact - Presents knowledge of the legal framework and economic aspects of landfilling
Author : Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811505322
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Urban Mining and Sustainable Waste Management written by Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected high-quality research papers presented at the IconSWM 2018 conference, which explore various aspects of urban mining. In addition, they discuss how to achieve sustainable waste management systems, urban mining, landfill mining, material recovery, circular economy, etc., with the aid of effective waste management practices. Additional topics covered include maximum resource circulation and efficiency, key differences between landfill mining and urban mining, and how urban mining can be combined with the concepts of circular economy and sustainability.
Author : Mara Capone
Publisher : FedOA - Federico II University Press
ISBN 13 : 886887234X
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (688 download)
Download or read book 01 .Industrial Archaeology. European approach to recovery productive memory written by Mara Capone and published by FedOA - Federico II University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-15 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Italiano]: Il libro raccoglie i contributi di un lavoro interdisciplinare svolto durante un BIP (Blended Intensive Program) finanziato dalla comunità europea. Il tema è quello dei siti industriali dismessi e tutelati per interesse storico. Partendo da un confronto tra i diversi approcci basati sullo studio delle best practice e dei diversi metodi e strumenti di analisi, sono state definite alcune premesse per la rappresentazione del sito e lo sviluppo di ipotesi di trasformazione per il riuso dell'ex Corradini a S. Giovanni. Stimolare il dibattito culturale, confrontarsi con realtà culturali diverse, definire percorsi metodologici replicabili sono gli obiettivi principali di questo lavoro./[English]: The book collects the contributions of an interdisciplinary work carried out during a BIP (Blended Intensive Program) funded by the European community. The topic is related to the abandoned industrial sites that are protected for historical interest. Starting from a comparison between the different approaches based on the study of the best practices and the different methods and tools of analysis, some premises have been defined for the representation of the site and the development of transformation hypotheses for reusing of the ex Corradini in S. Giovanni. Stimulating the cultural debate, dealing with different cultural realities, defining replicable methodological paths are the main objectives of this work.
Author : Pankaj Pathak
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000509699
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Urban Mining for Waste Management and Resource Recovery written by Pankaj Pathak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific management strategies can help in exploring anthropogenic wastes (human-made materials) as potential resources through the urban mining concept and be a panacea for sustainable development. This book covers five broader aspects of waste management and resource recovery in urban mining including solid and liquid waste management and treatment. It explains sustainable approaches of urban mining for the effective management of solid and liquid wastes and facilitates their conversion into secondary resources. Overall, this book provides details of urban mining and its different applications including current waste management problems, practices, and challenges faced worldwide. Presents a holistic approach for urban mining considering various types of wastes Describes contemporary integrated approaches for waste management with specific case studies Provides technical, social, and environmental aspects of solid and liquid wastes Considers aspects of sustainability and a circular bio-economy Incorporates pertinent case studies on water and wastewater management This volume caters to researchers and graduate students in environmental engineering, solid waste management, wastewater treatment, and materials science.
Author : Abhijit Das
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000568571
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Paradigm Shift in E-waste Management written by Abhijit Das and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-02 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradigm Shift in E-waste Management: Vision for the Future addresses the challenges in the management of electronic wastes in various forms. The book describes resource-efficient and circular e-waste management processes including valorization amalgamating the sustainable benefits of electronic component recycling, industrial symbiosis, green technology implementation, and efficient supply chain networks with a vision towards year 2025. It further explains e-waste recycling technologies, supply chain aspects, e-waste disposal in IT industries, and trans-boundary movement issues including policy concerns supported by global case studies and benchmark practices. Further, the book illustrates resource recovery from e-waste, sustainability of e-waste recycling, circular economy in e-waste and so forth. Features: Covers intricacies of e-waste management with an outlook towards a checkpoint of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2025. Describes the global status of e-waste recycling and management with country-specific contributions. Includes focus on policy tools such as EPR, ARF, policy gaps, and the informal sector activities. Offers detailed information about advanced green and smart technologies for e-waste valorization and management. Explores urban mining, sustainability, and circular economic approaches. This book is of interest to graduate students and researchers in environmental engineering, waste management, urban mining, circular economy, waste processing, electronics and telecommunication engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, and chemical engineering.
Author : Libera Amenta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303078536X
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Regenerative Territories written by Libera Amenta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-11 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides new perspectives on circular economy and space, explored towards the definition of regenerative territories characterised by healthy metabolisms. Going beyond the mere reuse/recycle of material waste as resources, this work aims to understand how to apply circularity principles to, among others, the regeneration of wastescapes. The main focus is the development over time, and in particular the way how spatial planning and strategies respond to new unpredictable urgencies and opportunities related with territorial metabolisms. The book specifically focuses on living labs environments, where it is possible to tackle complex problems through a multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach - including the use of digital spatial decision support environment – which could be able to include all the involved stakeholders. Through a spatial scope of circularity, this book describes several examples including among others ideas from different contexts such as Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium and Vietnam. Through including reflections on methodology and representation, as well as on solutions for circular and healthy metabolisms, the book provides an excellent resource to researchers and students.
Author : Anshu Priya
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119894336
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)
Download or read book Management of Electronic Waste written by Anshu Priya and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-01-24 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holistic view of the current and future trends in electronic waste management, focusing on recycling, technologies, and regulations Management of Electronic Waste delivers a complete overview of all aspects related to the toxicity characterization of electronic wastes, along with other important topics including resource recovery, recycling strategies, biotechnological advancements, and current perspectives on waste generation and management. The book presents hazards associated with conventional recycling methods and highlights environmentally compatible economic approaches for resource recovery, along with eco-friendly strategies for management of electronic wastes. The high metallic content, heterogeneous and composite nature of e-wastes make them a rich secondary reservoir of metals. The book explores the valuable potential of e-waste and highlights the eco-friendly, sustainable technologies and recycling strategies for the profitable and effective conversion of waste to wealth. Written by a highly qualified and internationally renowned author, Management of Electronic Waste covers sample topics such as: Rise of e-waste generation paired with rising economies and mounting demand for electrical and electronic devices, with a country-by-country breakdown Status of e-waste management and recycling efforts around the world, along with key processes that drive e-waste recycling Macroeconomic trends between global demand and supply for metal resources and the transition of linear to circular economy Bioleaching, an economic and green approach for recovery of metals, from e-waste and other low grade metal repositories Different metallurgical approaches for extraction and recovery of resources from e-waste and their pros and cons Filling a gap on the understudied biotechnological recycling techniques and methods for mitigating environmental pollution caused by electronic waste, Management of Electronic Waste serves as an excellent guide on the subject for electronic waste producers, consumers, recycling industries, policy and law makers, academicians, and researchers.
Author : Kumar, K. Dinesh
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)
Download or read book Computational Intelligence for Green Cloud Computing and Digital Waste Management written by Kumar, K. Dinesh and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-02-27 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the digital age, the relentless growth of data centers and cloud computing has given rise to a pressing dilemma. The power consumption of these facilities is spiraling out of control, emitting massive amounts of carbon dioxide, and contributing to the ever-increasing threat of global warming. Studies show that data centers alone are responsible for nearly eighty million metric tons of CO2 emissions worldwide, and this figure is poised to skyrocket to a staggering 8000 TWh by 2030 unless we revolutionize our approach to computing resource management. The root of this problem lies in inefficient resource allocation within cloud environments, as service providers often over-provision computing resources to avoid Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations, leading to both underutilization of resources and a significant increase in energy consumption. Computational Intelligence for Green Cloud Computing and Digital Waste Management stands as a beacon of hope in the face of the environmental and technological challenges we face. It introduces the concept of green computing, dedicated to creating an eco-friendly computing environment. The book explores innovative, intelligent resource management methods that can significantly reduce the power consumption of data centers. From machine learning and deep learning solutions to green virtualization technologies, this comprehensive guide explores innovative approaches to address the pressing challenges of green computing. Whether you are an educator teaching about green computing, an environmentalist seeking sustainability solutions, an industry professional navigating the digital landscape, a resolute researcher, or simply someone intrigued by the intersection of technology and sustainability, this book offers an indispensable resource.
Author : Michele Aresta
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030158683
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)
Download or read book An Economy Based on Carbon Dioxide and Water written by Michele Aresta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) from a green, biotechnological and economic perspective, and presents the potential of, and the bottlenecks and breakthroughs in converting a stable molecule such as CO2 into specialty chemicals and materials or energy-rich compounds. The use of renewable energy (solar, wind, geothermal, hydro) and non-fossil hydrogen is a must for converting large volumes of CO2 into energy products, and as such, the authors explore and compare the availability of hydrogen from water using these sources with that using oil or methane. Divided into 13 chapters, the book offers an analysis of the conditions under which CO2 utilization is possible, and discusses CO2 capture from concentrated sources and the atmosphere. It also analyzes the technological (non-chemical) uses of CO2, carbonation of basic minerals and industrial sludge, and the microbial-catalytic-electrochemical-photoelectrochemical-plasma conversion of CO2 into chemicals and energy products. Further, the book provides examples of advanced bioelectrochemical syntheses and RuBisCO engineering, as well as a techno-energetic and economic analysis of CCU. Written by leading international experts, this book offers a unique perspective on the potential of the various technologies discussed, and a vision for a sustainable future. Intended for graduates with a good understanding of chemistry, catalysis, biotechnology, electrochemistry and photochemistry, it particularly appeals to researchers (in academia and industry) and university teachers.
Author : Luis M. Camarinha-Matos
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331965151X
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Collaboration in a Data-Rich World written by Luis M. Camarinha-Matos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th IFIP WG 5.5 Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises, PRO-VE 2017, held in Vicenza, Italy, in September 2017. The 68 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 159 submissions. They provide a comprehensive overview of identified challenges and recent advances in various collaborative network (CN) domains and their applications, with a strong focus on the following areas: collaborative models, platforms and systems for data-rich worlds; manufacturing ecosystem and collaboration in Industry 4.0; big data analytics and intelligence; risk, performance, and uncertainty in collaborative data-rich systems; semantic data/service discovery, retrieval, and composition in a collaborative data-rich world; trust and sustainability analysis in collaborative networks; value creation and social impact of collaboration in data-rich worlds; technology development platforms supporting collaborative systems; collective intelligence and collaboration in advanced/emerging applications: collaborative manufacturing and factories of the future, e-health and care, food and agribusiness, and crisis/disaster management.
Author : Walter Leal Filho
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319957166
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (571 download)
Download or read book Sustainable Cities and Communities written by Walter Leal Filho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable. The United Nations has acknowledged the problem and approved the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. The Encyclopedia encompasses 17 volumes, each one devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume addresses SDG 11, namely “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” and contains the description of a range of terms, which allows a better understanding and fosters knowledge. This book presents a set of papers on the state of the art of knowledge and practices about the numerous challenges for cities, solutions and opportunities for the future. Concretely, the defined targets are: Ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums Provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons Enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage Significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations Reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management Provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning Substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials Editorial Board Samuel Borges Barbosa, Luciana Londero Brandli, Elisa Conticelli, Erin A. Hopkins, Olga Kuznetsova, Astrid Skjerven, Hari Srinivas
Author : Prasenjit Debbarma
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031256786
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)
Download or read book Microbial Technology for Sustainable E-waste Management written by Prasenjit Debbarma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, besides discussing challenges and opportunities, will reveal the microbe-metal interactions and strategies for e-waste remediation in different ecosystems. It will unveil the recent biotechnological advancement and microbiological approach to sustainable biorecycling of e-waste such as bioleaching for heavy metal extraction, valorization of precious metal, biodegradation of e-plastic, the role of the diverse microbial community in e-waste remediation, genetically engineered microbes for e-waste management, the importance of microbial exopolysaccharides in metal biosorption, next-generation technologies, omics-based technologies etc. It also holds the promise to discuss the conservation, utilization and cataloging indigenous microbes in e-waste-polluted niches and promising hybrid technology for sustainable e-waste management. Revolution in the area of information technology and communication is constantly evolving due to scientific research and development. Concurrently, the production of new electrical and electronic equipment also thus uplifting in this era of revolution. These technological advancements certainly have problematic consequences which is the rise of huge amounts of electronic obsoletes or electronic waste (e-waste). Improper management of both hazardous and nonhazardous substances of e-waste led to a major concern in our digital society and environment. Therefore, a sustainable approach including microbial candidates to tackle e-waste is the need of the hour. Nevertheless, the continuous demand for new-generation gadgets and electronics set this high-tech evolution to a new frontier in the last few years. With this continuing trend of technological development, e-waste is expanding exponentially worldwide. In the year of 2019, the worldwide generation of e-waste was approximately 53.6 Mt, of which only about 17.4% of e-waste was collected and recycled, and the other 82.6% was not even documented. E-waste contains various heterogeneous waste complexes such as metals (60%), blends of many polymers (30%) and halogenated compounds, radioactive elements and other pollutants (10%), respectively. The sustainable, efficient, and economic management of e-waste is thus, a challenging task today and in the coming decades. Conventional techniques such as the use of chemicals, incineration and informal ways of e-waste dismantling trigger serious health risks and contamination to the human population and environment, respectively due to the liberation of toxic and hazardous substances from the waste. In this context, bio-candidates especially microorganisms could be sharp-edged biological recycling tools to manage e-waste sustainably. As microbes are omnipresent and diverse in their physiology and functional aspects, they offer a wide range of bioremediation.
Author : Alessandra Battisti
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031501217
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)
Download or read book ETHICS: Endorse Technologies for Heritage Innovation written by Alessandra Battisti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-04 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines, within the Italian national framework, the current and potential paths oriented towards a new concept of Architectural Heritage, through actions referring to Innovation and Experimentation and Protection and Transformation of the Architectural Heritage. The development of the themes is articulated in two sessions dealing with the aspects related to the analysis and mapping of Architectural Heritage to face the context of the current Climate Crisis and the development of projects and experimentations oriented to the Green and Digital Transition. The evolution of the concept of Heritage, as conceived by the United Nations 2030 Agenda and in the Green Deal and New European Bauhaus, aimed at constructing an inclusive and universally recognised definition to support supranational objectives of sustainable human development, gives rise to innovative strategies, methodologies and technologies that—in a direction of mitigation, contrast and adaptation to climate change—allow for the safeguard, renewed management and a hope for valorisation of Heritage on a national scale. In this direction, the understanding of Architectural Heritage as a 'non-renewable resource' determines the need to activate design experimentation laboratories oriented towards regeneration, articulated and complex, which require, in order to respond to the challenges posed by our era, a sensitive and dialogic multidisciplinary vision of a holistic type. In fact, on the one hand, it is necessary to redefine the usability and management methods of built heritage through the adoption of digital, mobility, energy, ecological, social, green and blue infrastructures; on the other hand, it is necessary to introduce new qualitative and quantitative parameters and performance indicators, adequate to verify the validity of the implemented strategies in a perspective of adaptation to climate change, able to clarify contents, processes and tools to contrast future risks. The pursuit of these objectives refers to the innovation of training paths, professionalising procedures, administrative regulations, and public policies that involve citizens and the private partnership towards a different project qualification and empowerment of stakeholders, inhabitants, professionals, and clients. The Technological Project makes it possible to activate different interventions aimed at acting, in an integrated manner, on assets, context and communities, according to an approach that reinterprets them on a common score, as proposed by the European Next Generation programme in three priority aspects: digitalisation and innovation, environmental transition, increased resilience and social sustainability of national economies. In this scenario, the interventions aimed at outlining sustainable development actions will have to place these concepts at the centre in a harmonious vision that starts from the recognition and enhancement of the Architectural Heritage, recognising it as a fundamental asset of the territories.
Author : AA. VV.
Publisher : FrancoAngeli
ISBN 13 : 8835150566
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Energy for hotels written by AA. VV. and published by FrancoAngeli. This book was released on 2023-02-01T00:00:00+01:00 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 445.34
Author : P.R. White
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461523699
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Lifecycle Inventory written by P.R. White and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is often considered to be a journey. The lifecycle of waste can similarly be considered to be a journey from the cradle (when an item becomes valueless and, usually, is placed in the dustbin) to the grave (when value is restored by creating usable material or energy; or the waste is transformed into emissions to water or air, or into inert material placed in a landfill). This preface provides a route map for the journey the reader of this book will undertake. Who? Who are the intended readers of this book? Waste managers (whether in public service or private companies) will find a holistic approach for improving the environmental quality and the economic cost of managing waste. The book contains general principles based on cutting edge experience being developed across Europe. Detailed data and a computer model will enable operations managers to develop data-based improvements to their systems. Producers oj waste will be better able to understand how their actions can influence the operation of environmentally improved waste management systems. Designers oj products and packages will be better able to understand how their design criteria can improve the compatibility of their product or package with developing, environmentally improved waste management systems. Waste data specialists (whether in laboratories, consultancies or environ mental managers of waste facilities) will see how the scope, quantity and quality of their data can be improved to help their colleagues design more effective waste management systems.
