Unequal Treaties

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China's Unequal Treaties

Author : Dong Wang
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 9780739112083
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Unequal Treaties by : Dong Wang

Download or read book China's Unequal Treaties written by Dong Wang and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, based on primary sources, deals with the linguistic development and polemical uses of the expression Unequal Treaties, which refers to the treaties China signed between 1842 and 1946. Although this expression has occupied a central position in both Chinese collective memory and Chinese and English historiographies, this is the first book to offer an in-depth examination of China's encounters with the outside world as manifested in the rhetoric surrounding the Unequal Treaties. Author Dong Wang argues that competing forces within China have narrated and renarrated the history of the treaties in an effort to consolidate national unity, international independence, and political legitimacy and authority. In the twentieth century, she shows, China's experience with these treaties helped to determine their use of international law. Of great relevance for students of contemporary China and Chinese history, as well as Chinese international law and politics, this book illuminates how various Chinese political actors have defined and redefined the past using the framework of the Unequal Treaties.

Negotiating with Imperialism

Author : Michael R. Auslin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674020313
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Negotiating with Imperialism by : Michael R. Auslin

Download or read book Negotiating with Imperialism written by Michael R. Auslin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan's modern international history began in 1858 with the signing of the "unequal" commercial treaty with the United States. Over the next fifteen years, Japanese diplomacy was reshaped to respond to the Western imperialist challenge. Negotiating with Imperialism is the first book to explain the emergence of modern Japan through this early period of treaty relations. Michael Auslin dispels the myth that the Tokugawa bakufu was diplomatically incompetent. Refusing to surrender to the West's power, bakufu diplomats employed negotiation as a weapon to defend Japan's interests. Tracing various visions of Japan's international identity, Auslin examines the evolution of the culture of Japanese diplomacy. Further, he demonstrates the limits of nineteenth-century imperialist power by examining the responses of British, French, and American diplomats. After replacing the Tokugawa in 1868, Meiji leaders initially utilized bakufu tactics. However, their 1872 failure to revise the treaties led them to focus on domestic reform as a way of maintaining independence and gaining equality with the West. In a compelling analysis of the interplay among assassinations, Western bombardment of Japanese cities, fertile cultural exchange, and intellectual discovery, Auslin offers a persuasive reading of the birth of modern Japan and its struggle to determine its future relations with the world.

Renegotiating Japans Unequal Treaties

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9784130270342
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Renegotiating Japans Unequal Treaties by :

Download or read book Renegotiating Japans Unequal Treaties written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Japan Comes of Age

Author : Louis G. Perez
Publisher : Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press
ISBN 13 : 9780838638040
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan Comes of Age by : Louis G. Perez

Download or read book Japan Comes of Age written by Louis G. Perez and published by Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the sweltering summer of 1894 Foreign Minister Mutsu Munemitsu knelt before the Japanese emperor Meiji to report that Japan's "long nightmare" was over at last. After forty years of humiliation, Japan was ridding itself of the hateful "Unequal Treaties." These treaties had been imposed upon a politically divided and militarily weakened nation by powerful mercantilist Western nations in mid-century. The treaties had hindered Japan's economic development because of discriminatory tariff restrictions, they had poisoned Japan's foreign relations, and they had truncated its legal sovereignty by virtue of extraterritoriality. The final six months of negotiations are carefully examined, employing Mutsu's extensive personal and official correspondence as well as telegrams and secret British and Japanese documents.

China and the Foreign Powers: the Impact of and Reaction to Unequal Treaties

Author : William L. Tung
Publisher : Dobbs Ferry, N.Y : Oceana Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis China and the Foreign Powers: the Impact of and Reaction to Unequal Treaties by : William L. Tung

Download or read book China and the Foreign Powers: the Impact of and Reaction to Unequal Treaties written by William L. Tung and published by Dobbs Ferry, N.Y : Oceana Publications. This book was released on 1970 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with China's foreign relations from the middle of the nineteenth century to 1970.

Treaty Ports in Modern China

Author : Robert Bickers
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317266285
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Treaty Ports in Modern China by : Robert Bickers

Download or read book Treaty Ports in Modern China written by Robert Bickers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a wide range of new research on the Chinese treaty ports – the key strategic places on China’s coast where in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries various foreign powers controlled, through "unequal treaties", whole cities or parts of cities, outside the jurisdiction of the Chinese authorities. Topics covered include land and how it was acquired, the flow of people, good and information, specific individuals and families who typify life in the treaty ports, and technical advances, exploration, and innovation in government.

Introduction to the Law of Treaties

Author : Paul Reuter
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0710305028
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to the Law of Treaties by : Paul Reuter

Download or read book Introduction to the Law of Treaties written by Paul Reuter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1995 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Narrative of a Voyage Round the World

Author : Edward Belcher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.B/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Narrative of a Voyage Round the World by : Edward Belcher

Download or read book Narrative of a Voyage Round the World written by Edward Belcher and published by . This book was released on 1843 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Revision of Unequal Treaties

Author : Chao-Hsin Chu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Revision of Unequal Treaties by : Chao-Hsin Chu

Download or read book Revision of Unequal Treaties written by Chao-Hsin Chu and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Not Enough

Author : Samuel Moyn
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 067498482X
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Not Enough by : Samuel Moyn

Download or read book Not Enough written by Samuel Moyn and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “No one has written with more penetrating skepticism about the history of human rights.” —Adam Kirsch, Wall Street Journal “Moyn breaks new ground in examining the relationship between human rights and economic fairness.” —George Soros The age of human rights has been kindest to the rich. While state violations of political rights have garnered unprecedented attention in recent decades, a commitment to material equality has quietly disappeared. In its place, economic liberalization has emerged as the dominant force. In this provocative book, Samuel Moyn considers how and why we chose to make human rights our highest ideals while simultaneously neglecting the demands of broader social and economic justice. Moyn places the human rights movement in relation to this disturbing shift and explores why the rise of human rights has occurred alongside exploding inequality. “Moyn asks whether human-rights theorists and advocates, in the quest to make the world better for all, have actually helped to make things worse... Sure to provoke a wider discussion.” —Adam Kirsch, Wall Street Journal “A sharpening interrogation of the liberal order and the institutions of global governance created by, and arguably for, Pax Americana... Consistently bracing.” —Pankaj Mishra, London Review of Books “Moyn suggests that our current vocabularies of global justice—above all our belief in the emancipatory potential of human rights—need to be discarded if we are work to make our vastly unequal world more equal... [A] tour de force.” —Los Angeles Review of Books

Mestizo International Law

Author : Arnulf Becker Lorca
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316194051
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis Mestizo International Law by : Arnulf Becker Lorca

Download or read book Mestizo International Law written by Arnulf Becker Lorca and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of international law is conventionally understood as a history in which the main characters (states and international lawyers) and events (wars and peace conferences) are European. Arnulf Becker Lorca demonstrates how non-Western states and lawyers appropriated nineteenth-century classical thinking in order to defend new and better rules governing non-Western states' international relations. By internalizing the standard of civilization, for example, they argued for the abrogation of unequal treaties. These appropriations contributed to the globalization of international law. With the rise of modern legal thinking and a stronger international community governed by law, peripheral lawyers seized the opportunity and used the new discourse and institutions such as the League of Nations to dissolve the standard of civilization and codify non-intervention and self-determination. These stories suggest that the history of our contemporary international legal order is not purely European; instead they suggest a history of a mestizo international law.

Grounds of Judgment

Author : Par Kristoffer Cassel
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199792054
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Grounds of Judgment by : Par Kristoffer Cassel

Download or read book Grounds of Judgment written by Par Kristoffer Cassel and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-11 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps more than anywhere else in the world, the nineteenth century encounter between East Asia and the Western world has been narrated as a legal encounter. Commercial treaties--negotiated by diplomats and focused on trade--framed the relationships among Tokugawa-Meiji Japan, Qing China, Choson Korea, and Western countries including Britain, France, and the United States. These treaties created a new legal order, very different than the colonial relationships that the West forged with other parts of the globe, which developed in dialogue with local precedents, local understandings of power, and local institutions. They established the rules by which foreign sojourners worked in East Asia, granting them near complete immunity from local laws and jurisdiction. The laws of extraterritoriality looked similar on paper but had very different trajectories in different East Asian countries.Par Cassel's first book explores extraterritoriality and the ways in which Western power operated in Japan and China from the 1820s to the 1920s. In Japan, the treaties established in the 1850s were abolished after drastic regime change a decade later and replaced by European-style reciprocal agreements by the turn of the century. In China, extraterritoriality stood for a hundred years, with treaties governing nearly one hundred treaty ports, extensive Christian missionary activity, foreign controlled railroads and mines, and other foreign interests, and of such complexity that even international lawyers couldn't easily interpret them. Extraterritoriality provided the springboard for foreign domination and has left Asia with a legacy of suspicion towards international law and organizations. The issue of unequal treaties has had a lasting effect on relations between East Asia and the West.Drawing on primary sources in Chinese, Japanese, Manchu, and several European languages, Cassel has written the first book to deal with exterritoriality in Sino-Japanese relations before 1895 and the triangular relationship between China, Japan, and the West. Grounds of Judgment is a groundbreaking history of Asian engagement with the outside world and within the region, with broader applications to understanding international history, law, and politics.

Rational Empires

Author : Leo J. Blanken
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226056732
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Rational Empires by : Leo J. Blanken

Download or read book Rational Empires written by Leo J. Blanken and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-04-09 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nineteenth century marked the high point of imperialism, when tsarist Russia expanded to the Pacific and the sun was said never to set on the British Empire. Imperialism remains a perennial issue in international relations today, and nowhere is this more evident than in the intensifying competition for global resources. Leo J. Blanken explains imperialism through an analysis of the institutions of both the expanding state and its targets of conquest. While democratic states favoring free trade generally resort to imperialism only to preempt aggressive rivals—or when they have reason to believe another state’s political institutions will not hold up when making bargains—authoritarian states tend toward imperialism because they don’t stand to benefit from free trade. The result is three distinct strategies toward imperialism: actors fighting over territory, actors peaceably dividing territory among themselves, and actors refraining from seizing territory altogether. Blanken examines these dynamics through three case studies: the scramble for Africa, the unequal treaties imposed on Qing Dynasty China, and the evolution of Britain’s imperial policy in India. By separating out the different types of imperialism, Blanken provides insight into its sources, as well as the potential implications of increased competition in the current international arena.

Through the Looking Glass

Author : Paul French
Publisher : Hong Kong University Press
ISBN 13 : 9622099823
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Through the Looking Glass by : Paul French

Download or read book Through the Looking Glass written by Paul French and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2009-05-01 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The convulsive history of foreign journalists in China starts with newspapers printed in the European factories of Canton in the 1820s. It also starts with a duel between two editors over the future of China and ends with a fistfight in Shanghai over therevolution. This book tells the story of China's foreign journalists.

Sovereignty in China

Author : Maria Adele Carrai
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108474195
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Sovereignty in China by : Maria Adele Carrai

Download or read book Sovereignty in China written by Maria Adele Carrai and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive history of the emergence and the formation of the concept of sovereignty in China from the year 1840 to the present. It contributes to broadening the history of modern China by looking at the way the notion of sovereignty was gradually articulated by key Chinese intellectuals, diplomats and political figures in the unfolding of the history of international law in China, rehabilitates Chinese agency, and shows how China challenged Western Eurocentric assumptions about the progress of international law. It puts the history of international law in a global perspective, interrogating the widely-held belief of international law as universal order and exploring the ways in which its history is closely anchored to a European experience that fails to take into account how the encounter with other non-European realities has influenced its formation.

The Health Gap

Author : Michael Marmot
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1408857987
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis The Health Gap by : Michael Marmot

Download or read book The Health Gap written by Michael Marmot and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Punchily written ... He leaves the reader with a sense of the gross injustice of a world where health outcomes are so unevenly distributed' Times Literary Supplement 'Splendid and necessary' Henry Marsh, author of Do No Harm, New Statesman There are dramatic differences in health between countries and within countries. But this is not a simple matter of rich and poor. A poor man in Glasgow is rich compared to the average Indian, but the Glaswegian's life expectancy is 8 years shorter. The Indian is dying of infectious disease linked to his poverty; the Glaswegian of violent death, suicide, heart disease linked to a rich country's version of disadvantage. In all countries, people at relative social disadvantage suffer health disadvantage, dramatically so. Within countries, the higher the social status of individuals the better is their health. These health inequalities defy usual explanations. Conventional approaches to improving health have emphasised access to technical solutions – improved medical care, sanitation, and control of disease vectors; or behaviours – smoking, drinking – obesity, linked to diabetes, heart disease and cancer. These approaches only go so far. Creating the conditions for people to lead flourishing lives, and thus empowering individuals and communities, is key to reduction of health inequalities. In addition to the scale of material success, your position in the social hierarchy also directly affects your health, the higher you are on the social scale, the longer you will live and the better your health will be. As people change rank, so their health risk changes. What makes these health inequalities unjust is that evidence from round the world shows we know what to do to make them smaller. This new evidence is compelling. It has the potential to change radically the way we think about health, and indeed society.

Japan and the Specter of Imperialism

Author : M. Anderson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230100988
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan and the Specter of Imperialism by : M. Anderson

Download or read book Japan and the Specter of Imperialism written by M. Anderson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-10-12 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan and the Specter of Imperialism examines competing Japanese responses to the late nineteenth century unequal treaty regime as a confrontation with liberal imperialism, including the culture and gender politics of US territorial expansion into the Pacific.