Understanding Weld Formation And Microstructure Evolution In Laser Welded Stainless Steels And Ti 6al 4v

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Understanding Weld Formation and Microstructure Evolution in Laser Welded Stainless Steels and Ti-6Al-4V

Author : Tate Patterson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Weld Formation and Microstructure Evolution in Laser Welded Stainless Steels and Ti-6Al-4V by : Tate Patterson

Download or read book Understanding Weld Formation and Microstructure Evolution in Laser Welded Stainless Steels and Ti-6Al-4V written by Tate Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High energy density welding processes are used for many industrial applications, such as aerospace and defense, and certain joint configurations and welding situations render post-weld inspection techniques difficult. Due to the inability to confirm penetration, there is a continual industrial need to improve prediction capabilities to aid in parameter selection. It is also necessary to understand the microstructural evolution to modify phase fractions and mitigate weldability related concerns such as solidification cracking or reduced corrosion performance. Using an ytterbium doped fiber laser, partial penetration laser beam welds were produced on a six stainless steel (SS) alloys and Ti-6Al-4V. The WRC-1992 Cr/Ni equivalencies for the SS alloys ranged from 1.7 to 2.8. These alloys included a commercially available 304L stainless steel and a commercially available 2205 duplex stainless steel. The other four SS alloys were experimental compositions. From an industrial perspective regarding weld feature prediction, the two alloys of interest include 304L SS and Ti-6Al-4V. Therefore, analysis was performed to relate weld geometry characteristics to process parameters for these two alloys. The objective of the weld geometry analysis was to develop a neural network model that can predict weld geometry characteristics, most importantly penetration. The best results were produced with individual neural networks developed for each weld feature and compiled into a comprehensive algorithm. An inline coherent imaging (ICI) or depth measurement system was also incorporated during LBW to further understand keyhole evolution and weld pool development. Process parameters influenced the location of the keyhole relative to the process beam and the overall shape and width of the vapor capillary. Transverse and longitudinal view sections were evaluated to determine solidification behavior, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns were used extensively to determine phase fractions and grain size. For SS alloys, relationships among penetration mode (conduction vs. keyhole), composition (Creq/Nieq), and microstructure (solidification mode and phase fraction) are presented. The results presented provide a more complete picture of rapid solidification phenomena associated with laser welds in SS alloys over a wide range of compositions. For Ti-6Al-4V, the beta grain size and morphology were related to the welding conditions and weld pool shape. Prior-beta grains were reconstructed using EBSD analysis, and this information was used to determine the size, orientation, and growth of the beta grains at different travel speeds. Beta grain growth during solidification was strongly influenced by the weld pool shape and generally occurred by columnar growth from the fusion boundary to the weld surface and/or weld centerline. The average grain size decreased in the plan view orientation but showed minimal decrease in transverse and longitudinal sections.

Joining of Titanium

Author : Robert Edward Monroe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Joining of Titanium by : Robert Edward Monroe

Download or read book Joining of Titanium written by Robert Edward Monroe and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report supplies information on joining processes applicable to titanium and its alloys in sheet metal applications, primarily related directly to airframe construction. Although the material presented here does not cover all titanium joining processes, and omits such processes as plasma-arc, submerged-arc, electroslag, flash, and high-frequency resistance welding, the data presented cover materials up to 2-inches thick in some cases and the report should be useful to anyone seeking titanium joining information. The joining processes covered fall into five categories: welding, brazing, metallurgical bonding (diffusion and deformation bonding), adhesive bonding, and mechanical fastening. The fusion welding processes that are discussed in detail include gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc, arc spot, and electron beam. The resistance processes give extended coverage are spot, roll spot, and seam welding. (Author).

Welding of Vanadium, Tantalum, 304L and 21-6-9 Stainless Steels, and Titanium Alloys at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Using a Fiber Delivered 2.2 KW Diode Pumped CW Nd

Download Welding of Vanadium, Tantalum, 304L and 21-6-9 Stainless Steels, and Titanium Alloys at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Using a Fiber Delivered 2.2 KW Diode Pumped CW Nd PDF Online Free

Author : T. Palmer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Welding of Vanadium, Tantalum, 304L and 21-6-9 Stainless Steels, and Titanium Alloys at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Using a Fiber Delivered 2.2 KW Diode Pumped CW Nd by : T. Palmer

Download or read book Welding of Vanadium, Tantalum, 304L and 21-6-9 Stainless Steels, and Titanium Alloys at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Using a Fiber Delivered 2.2 KW Diode Pumped CW Nd written by T. Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the results of a series of laser welds made between 2003 and 2005 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The results are a compilation of several, previously unpublished, internal LLNL reports covering the laser welding of vanadium, tantalum, 304L stainless steel, 21-6-9 (Nitronic 40) steel, and Ti-6Al-4V. All the welds were made using a Rofin Sinar DY-022 diode pumped continuous wave Nd:YAG laser. Welds are made at sharp focus on each material at various power levels and travel speeds in order to provide a baseline characterization of the performance of the laser welder. These power levels are based on measurements of the output power of the laser system, as measured by a power meter placed at the end of the optics train. Based on these measurements, it appears that the system displays a loss of approximately 10% as the beam passes through the fiber optic cable and laser optics. Since the beam is delivered to the fixed laser optics through a fiber optic cable, the effects of fiber diameter are also briefly investigated. Because the system utilizes 1:1 focusing optics, the laser spot size at sharp focus generally corresponds to the diameter of the fiber with which the laser is delivered. Differences in the resulting weld penetration in the different materials system are prevalent, with the welds produced on the Nitronic 40 material displaying the highest depths (> 5 mm) and minimal porosity. A Primes focusing diagnostic has also been installed on this laser system and used to characterize the size and power density distribution of the beams as a function of both power and focus position. Further work is planned in which this focusing diagnostic will be used to better understand the effects of changes in beam properties on the resulting weld dimensions in these and other materials systems.

Advanced Joining Processes

Author : Lucas F. M. da Silva
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811529574
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Joining Processes by : Lucas F. M. da Silva

Download or read book Advanced Joining Processes written by Lucas F. M. da Silva and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents recent material science-based and mechanical analysis-based advances in joining processes. It includes all related processes, e.g. friction stir welding, joining by plastic deformation, laser welding, clinch joining, and adhesive bonding, as well as hybrid joints. It gathers selected full-length papers from the 1st Conference on Advanced Joining Processes.

Microstructure Evolution of FCC Metals During the Explosive Welding Process

Author : Colin Clarke Merriman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Microstructure Evolution of FCC Metals During the Explosive Welding Process by : Colin Clarke Merriman

Download or read book Microstructure Evolution of FCC Metals During the Explosive Welding Process written by Colin Clarke Merriman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an effort to better understand the nature of the relationship between the explosive detonation properties and the weld interface evolution, characterization of the material's local orientation gradient in the welded specimens was examined by the collection of electron back-scatter patterns. Along with characterization of the ammonium-nitrate fuel-oil explosive, optical microscopy measurements of the characteristic wave, Vickers hardness and shear strength of the weld were investigated.

Additive Friction Stir Deposition

Author : Hang Z. Yu
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128243953
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Additive Friction Stir Deposition by : Hang Z. Yu

Download or read book Additive Friction Stir Deposition written by Hang Z. Yu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-07-19 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive Friction Stir Deposition is a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art understanding on this emerging solid-state additive manufacturing technology. Sections cover additive friction stir deposition, encompassing advances in processing science, metallurgical science and innovative applications. The book presents a clear description of underlying physical phenomena, shows how the process determines the printing quality, covers resultant microstructure and properties in the as-printed state, highlights its key capabilities and limitations, and explores niche applications in repair, cladding and multi-material 3D printing. Serving as an educational and research guide, this book aims to provide a holistic picture of additive friction stir deposition-based solid-state additive manufacturing as well as a thorough comparison to conventional beam-based metal additive manufacturing, such as powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition. Provides a clear process description of additive friction stir deposition and highlights key capabilities Summarizes the current research and application of additive friction stir deposition, including material flow, microstructure evolution, repair and dissimilar material cladding Discusses future applications and areas of research for this technology

Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding

Author : F O Olsen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1845696522
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding by : F O Olsen

Download or read book Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding written by F O Olsen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-06-26 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) is a combination of laser welding with arc welding that overcomes many of the shortfalls of both processes. This important book gives a comprehensive account of hybrid laser-arc welding technology and applications. The first part of the book reviews the characteristics of the process, including the properties of joints produced by hybrid laser-arc welding and ways of assessing weld quality. Part two discusses applications of the process to such metals as magnesium alloys, aluminium and steel as well as the use of hybrid laser-arc welding in such sectors as ship building and the automotive industry. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Hybrid laser-arc welding is a valuable source of reference for all those using this important welding technology. Reviews arc and laser welding including both advantages and disadvantages of the hybrid laser-arc approach Explores the characteristics of the process including the properties of joints produced by hybrid laser-arc welding and ways of assessing weld quality Examines applications of the process including magnesium alloys, aluminium and steel with specific focus on applications in the shipbuilding and automotive industries

Springer Handbook of Additive Manufacturing

Author : Eujin Pei
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031207521
Total Pages : 994 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Additive Manufacturing by : Eujin Pei

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Additive Manufacturing written by Eujin Pei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-25 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook is the ultimate definitive guide that covers key fundamentals and advanced applications for Additive Manufacturing. The Handbook has been structured into seven sections, comprising of a thorough Introduction to Additive Manufacturing; Design and Data; Processes; Materials; Post-processing, Testing and Inspection; Education and Training; and Applications and Case Study Examples. The general principles and functional relationships are described in each chapter and supplemented with industry use cases. The aim of this book is to help designers, engineers and manufacturers understand the state-of-the-art developments in the field of Additive Manufacturing. Although this book is primarily aimed at students and educators, it will appeal to researchers and industrial professionals working with technology users, machine or component manufacturers to help them make better decisions in the implementation of Additive Manufacturing and its applications.

Modelling Microstructure Evolution of Weld Deposited Ti-6Al-4V

Author : Corinne Charles
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Modelling Microstructure Evolution of Weld Deposited Ti-6Al-4V by : Corinne Charles

Download or read book Modelling Microstructure Evolution of Weld Deposited Ti-6Al-4V written by Corinne Charles and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Improvement of Weld Properties of High Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless Steels (N Weld)

Author : European Communities
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Improvement of Weld Properties of High Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless Steels (N Weld) by : European Communities

Download or read book Improvement of Weld Properties of High Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless Steels (N Weld) written by European Communities and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the research, through both an experimental and a modelling approach, was to determine the parameters controlling the nitrogen level in a weld. A second objective was to study the relationship between the weld microstructure and the corrosion properties. More particularly, the potential interest of microelectrode techniques has been investigated. TIG welding has been investigated through both an experimental and a modelling approach. TIG and A TIG tests have confirmed tnat it is necessary to add nitrogen in the shielding gas in order to prevent nitrogen loss during welding. For duplex stainless steel, 2.5 % nitrogen in the shielding gas is sufficient, whereas for high nitrogen content austenitic stainless steels higher levels are necessary. It has also been shown that, for a given grade, the nitrogen content increases when the penetration increases. Penetration depends on the material composition, with a beneficial effect of surface active elements (0, S, etc.). The model developed was based on the nitrogen exchange between the plasma, the weld pool and the shielding gas. It was first developed to describe nitrogen evolution during a stationary arc situation. The results were in good agreement with experiments. The model was then adapted to the case of welding with an active flux. An attempt was made to describe the traveling arc situation. However, some improvements are still necessary. Pitting corrosion tests have confirmed the influence of nitrogen content on the corrosion sensitivity of TIG welds. Microelectrode techniques have been used to characterise the local corrosion behaviour of welds. It has been shown that the scanning vibrating electrode technique was of limited utility to study corrosion resistance of highly alloyed stainless steels. More promising results have been obtained with microcapillary technique which make local electrochemical measurements possible. Finally, MIG tests have been performed in order to study the influence of the shielding gas composition on nitrogen content in the weld and also on the formation of porosities. For superduplex stainless steel, it has been demonstrated that nitrogen must be added in the gas to prevent nitrogen loss. It has also been shown that the number of porosities in the weld depends on the C02 content in the gas and not on the nitrogen content.

Introduction to the Physical Metallurgy of Welding

Author : Kenneth Easterling
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483141667
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to the Physical Metallurgy of Welding by : Kenneth Easterling

Download or read book Introduction to the Physical Metallurgy of Welding written by Kenneth Easterling and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to the Physical Metallurgy of Welding deals primarily with the welding of steels, which reflects the larger volume of literature on this material; however, many of the principles discussed can also be applied to other alloys. The book is divided into four chapters, in which the middle two deal with the microstructure and properties of the welded joint, such as the weld metal and the heat-affected zone. The first chapter is designed to provide a wider introduction to the many process variables of fusion welding, particularly those that may influence microstructure and properties, while the final chapter is concerned with cracking and fracture in welds. A comprehensive case study of the Alexander Kielland North Sea accommodation platform disaster is also discussed at the end. The text is written for undergraduate or postgraduate courses in departments of metallurgy, materials science, or engineering materials. The book will also serve as a useful revision text for engineers concerned with welding problems in industry.

Metal Additive Manufacturing

Author : Dyuti Sarker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119210836
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Metal Additive Manufacturing by : Dyuti Sarker

Download or read book Metal Additive Manufacturing written by Dyuti Sarker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING A comprehensive review of additive manufacturing processes for metallic structures Additive Manufacturing (AM)—also commonly referred to as 3D printing—builds three-dimensional objects by adding materials layer by layer. Recent years have seen unprecedented investment in additive manufacturing research and development by governments and corporations worldwide. This technology has the potential to replace many conventional manufacturing processes, enable the development of new industry practices, and transform the entire manufacturing enterprise. Metal Additive Manufacturing provides an up-to-date review of all essential physics of metal additive manufacturing techniques with emphasis on both laser-based and non-laser-based additive manufacturing processes. This comprehensive volume covers fundamental processes and equipment, governing physics and modelling, design and topology optimization, and more. The text adresses introductory, intermediate, and advanced topics ranging from basic additive manufacturing process classification to practical and material design aspects of additive manufacturability. Written by a panel of expert authors in the field, this authoritative resource: Provides a thorough analysis of AM processes and their theoretical foundations Explains the classification, advantages, and applications of AM processes Describes the equipment required for different AM processes for metallic structures, including laser technologies, positioning devices, feeder and spreader mechanisms, and CAD software Discusses the opportunities, challenges, and current and emerging trends within the field Covers practical considerations, including design for AM, safety, quality assurance, automation, and real-time control of AM processes Includes illustrative cases studies and numerous figures and tables Featuring material drawn from the lead author’s research and professional experience on laser additive manufacturing, Metal Additive Manufacturing is an important source for manufacturing professionals, research and development engineers in the additive industry, and students and researchers involved in mechanical, mechatronics, automatic control, and materials engineering and science.

Metallurgy of Welding

Author : J. F. Lancaster
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940109506X
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Metallurgy of Welding by : J. F. Lancaster

Download or read book Metallurgy of Welding written by J. F. Lancaster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended, like its predecessor (The metallurgy of welding, brazing and soldering), to provide a textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students concerned with welding, and for candidates taking the Welding Institute examinations. At the same time, it may prove useful to practising engineers, metallurgists and welding engineers in that it offers a resume of information on welding metallurgy together with some material on the engineering problems associated with welding such as reliability and risk analysis. In certain areas there have been developments that necessitated complete re-writing of the previous text. Thanks to the author's colleagues in Study Group 212 of the International Institute of Welding, understanding of mass flow in fusion welding has been radically transformed. Knowledge of the metallurgy of carbon and ferritic alloy steel, as applied to welding, has continued to advance at a rapid pace, while the literature on fracture mechanics accumulates at an even greater rate. In other areas, the welding of non-ferrous metals for example, there is little change to report over the last decade, and the original text of the book is only slightly modified. In those fields where there has been significant advance, the subject has become more quantitative and the standard of math ematics required for a proper understanding has been raised.

Metals Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Metals Abstracts by :

Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Titanium Alloys

Author : Maciej Motyka
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 183962552X
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (396 download)

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Book Synopsis Titanium Alloys by : Maciej Motyka

Download or read book Titanium Alloys written by Maciej Motyka and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium alloys, due to unique physical and chemical properties (mainly high relative strength combined with very good corrosion resistance), are considered as an important structural metallic material used in hi-tech industries (e.g. aerospace, space technology). This book provides information on new manufacturing and processing methods of single- and two-phase titanium alloys. The eight chapters of this book are distributed over four sections. The first section (Introduction) indicates the main factors determining application areas of titanium and its alloys. The second section (Manufacturing, two chapters) concerns modern production methods for titanium and its alloys. The third section (Thermomechanical and surface treatment, three chapters) covers problems of thermomechanical processing and surface treatment used for single- and two-phase titanium alloys. The fourth section (Machining, two chapters) describes the recent results of high speed machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the possibility of application of sustainable machining for titanium alloys.

Manufacturing and Application of Stainless Steels

Author : Andrea Di Schino
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039286501
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Manufacturing and Application of Stainless Steels by : Andrea Di Schino

Download or read book Manufacturing and Application of Stainless Steels written by Andrea Di Schino and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stainless steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, following to their excellent combination in terms of strength and ductility together with corrosion resistance. Thanks to such properties, stainless steels have been indispensable for the technological progress during the last century and their annual consumption increased faster than other materials. They find application in all these fields requiring good corrosion resistance together with ability to be worked into complex geometries. Despite to their diffusion as a consolidated materials, many research fields are active regarding the possibility to increase stainless steels mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by grain refinement or by alloying by interstitial elements. At the same time innovations are coming from the manufacturing process of such a family of materials, also including the possibility to manufacture them starting from metals powder for 3D printing. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processes, reporting about experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during processing, microstructure-properties relations, applications including automotive, energy and structural.

Welding, Joining and Coating of Metallic Materials

Author : Michael Zinigrad
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039367269
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (393 download)

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Book Synopsis Welding, Joining and Coating of Metallic Materials by : Michael Zinigrad

Download or read book Welding, Joining and Coating of Metallic Materials written by Michael Zinigrad and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of state-of-the-art research works in the field of materials science. Specifically, the works deal with issues related to the welding, joining and coating of metallic materials. These methods are known as main processes in the field of metallurgy, and are usually applied in order to solve complex problems of joining metals or the fabrication of metallic surfaces with required properties and performance. The focus of this book is on metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, various types of steel, intermetallics and shape memory alloys. These scientific works address microstructural evaluation, as well as the performance of the produced joints and coatings. Scientists from all over the globe have presented novel advances and possible solutions for metallic materials joints and coatings for applications in the automotive, aerospace, chemical and medical industries, among others.