Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Understanding The Role Of Organic Aerosol In The Coastal And Remote Pacic Marine Boundary Layer
Download Understanding The Role Of Organic Aerosol In The Coastal And Remote Pacic Marine Boundary Layer full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Understanding The Role Of Organic Aerosol In The Coastal And Remote Pacic Marine Boundary Layer ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Understanding the Role of Organic Aerosol in the Coastal and Remote Pacic Marine Boundary Layer by : Lelia Nahid Hawkins
Download or read book Understanding the Role of Organic Aerosol in the Coastal and Remote Pacic Marine Boundary Layer written by Lelia Nahid Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected over three field experiments in the remote and coastal marine boundary layer of the eastern Pacific Ocean from aircraft, ship, and stationary platforms and were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS), and Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy with Near-Edge Absorption Fine Structure (STXM-NEXAFS) for organic functional groups and organic mass fragments. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-rays (SEM-EDX) analyses were used to investigate the elemental composition of the analyzed particles. The aim of these studies was to better characterize particle sources and composition in the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer (MBL), where aerosol-cloud interactions play an important role in controlling the reflectivity of the large cloud decks. Particle composition was linked to distinct particle sources including primary marine emissions, biomass burning, and fossil fuel combustion. Fossil fuel combustion particles were characterized by large contributions from saturated alkane and carboxylic acid groups. Biomass burning aerosol particles were characterized as mixtures of alkane, carboxylic acid, and ketone groups, consistent with biogenic secondary organic aerosol particles observed in chamber studies. Photochemical aging of the transported smoke particles was observed on diurnal and multi-day timescales as an increase in the relative amount of oxygenated groups and oxygen-containing molecular fragments. Marine primary organic aerosol (POA) particles were observed in shipboard samples and were characterized by large contributions from organic hydroxyl groups, suggesting a carbohydrate-containing source in the ocean surface emitted during bubble bursting. Marine particles were also identified in single particle STXM-NEXAFS and were classified into four distinct categories including soluble and insoluble polysaccharides, proteins, and calcareous phytoplankton fragments. The presence of oxidized (polar) organic components--ketone, organic hydroxyl, and carboxylic acid groups--in submicron particles suggests that many of the measured particles could contribute to cloud condensation nuclei number concentration and mass in both open ocean and coastal regions. Together, these measurements show that marine POA provides a significant contribution to submicron particle mass in the clean MBL, whereas fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions contribute the majority of the organic mass in coastal regions.
Book Synopsis Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles by : Peter S. Liss
Download or read book Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Book Synopsis Characterizing the Organic Composition of Marine Aerosol from the North Atlantic to the Oceano Dunes by : Savannah Lee Lewis
Download or read book Characterizing the Organic Composition of Marine Aerosol from the North Atlantic to the Oceano Dunes written by Savannah Lee Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosol particles in the marine environment play an important role in the Earth's radiative budget which are affected by the sources and compositions of the aerosol particles. Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected over four cruises in the remote regions of the North Atlantic Ocean and one field experiment from a stationary platform in the Oceano Dunes and were quantified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy with Near-Edge Absorption Fine Structure (STXM-NEXAFS) for organic functional groups. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were used to understand the elemental composition of the Oceano Dunes samples. The four cruises' atmospheric primary marine aerosol (aPMA) organic functional group composition was compared to see whether seasonal and biological changes had an effect. The average composition was 78% hydroxyl, 10% alkane, 6% amine, and 7% carboxylic acid groups, which was consistent with previous marine studies with sources including marine saccharides and amino sugars. The standard deviation within each season was greater than the differences between seasons, showing a limited seasonal response in the organic fraction. Generated primary marine aerosol particles (gPMA), atmospheric aerosol particles, sea-surface microlayer samples, and seawater samples were collected to compare the particle and bulk organic compositional differences as organics rise through the water column and are ejected into the marine boundary layer. The bulk organic composition consisted of the same three organic functional groups (hydroxyl, alkane, and amine groups) that comprised 50-90% of the quantified organic mass, though STXM-NEXAFS did illuminate the particle-to-particle diversity in all sample sources. The sea-surface microlayer and atmospheric aerosol particles were found to have far more variability in composition than generated primary marine aerosol and seawater, which could be attributed to a closer linkage between the organic sources and greater secondary processing within these sample sources than either generated primary marine aerosol or seawater. Coastal aerosol from Oceano Dunes showed a mixture of sources, with the dominant sources being wind-driven dust from the Oceano Dunes, sea salt from sea spray, and marine-derived organics. While this coastal location has recorded PM10 exceedances, the natural sources are unlikely to be a health-risk because they have not been shown to include toxic components.
Book Synopsis The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling by : Patrick Buat-Ménard
Download or read book The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling written by Patrick Buat-Ménard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book arises from a NATO-sponsored Advanced Study Institute on 'The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling' held at Bombann@§. near Bordeaux, France. from 16 to 27 September 1985. The chapters of the book are the written versions of the lectures given at the Institute. The aim of the book is to give a comprehensive up-to-date coverage of the subject. presented in a teaching mode. The chapters contain much recent research material and attempt to give the reader an understanding of how the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling can be quantitatively assessed. In the last decade, major advances in the fields of marine and atmospheric chemistry have underlined the role of physical, chemical and biological processes at and near the air-sea interface in a number of geochemical cycles (C. S, N, metals etc ... ). Further, there is strong concern over the anthropogenic perturbation of these cycles on both regional and global scales. The first part of the book (Chapters 1 to 8) provides a review of topics fundamental to such studies. These topics include concepts in geochemical modelling, assessment of atmospheric transport from sources to the oceans. description of mixing and transport processes within the ocean for both dissolved and particulate materials, quantification of air-sea fluxes for both gases and particles, photochemical transformations in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.
Book Synopsis Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation of Relevance to the Marine Boundary Layer by : Xuyi Cai
Download or read book Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation of Relevance to the Marine Boundary Layer written by Xuyi Cai and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sea Salt Aerosol Production by : Ernie R. Lewis
Download or read book Sea Salt Aerosol Production written by Ernie R. Lewis and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2004-01-09 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 152. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) exerts a major influence over a broad reach of geophysics. It is important to the physics and chemistry of the marine atmosphere and to marine geochemistry and biogeochemistry generally. It affects visibility, remote sensing, atmospheric chemistry, and air quality. Sea salt aerosol particles interact with other atmospheric gaseous and aerosol constituents by acting as sinks for condensable gases and suppressing new particle formation, thus influencing the size distribution of these other aerosols and more broadly influencing the geochemical cycles of substances with which they interact. As the key aerosol constituent over much of Earth's surface at present, and all the more so in pre-industrial times, SSA is central to description of Earth's aerosol burden.
Book Synopsis Aerosol Properties Observed in the Remote North Pacific Boundary Layer by : Taylor M Royalty
Download or read book Aerosol Properties Observed in the Remote North Pacific Boundary Layer written by Taylor M Royalty and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Observational Constraints on Reactive Trace Gas Air-Sea Exchange and Impacts on Atmospheric Chemistry in the Marine Boundary Layer by : Michelle Jee Eun Kim
Download or read book Observational Constraints on Reactive Trace Gas Air-Sea Exchange and Impacts on Atmospheric Chemistry in the Marine Boundary Layer written by Michelle Jee Eun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The marine boundary layer (MBL) serves as host to great exchanges of mass and energy across the air-sea interface that drive multi-scale dynamics, biogeochemical cycles and global climate change. Reactive trace gases in the MBL can set the atmosphere's oxidative capacity, aerosol production rates and greenhouse gas warming potential. The ocean surface is a broad source and sink for important reactive trace gases, but direct observations of trace gas air-sea exchange have been limited to a handful of species, to date. This doctoral dissertation addresses this deficit by developing methods for the measurement of reactive trace gas air-sea exchange, as well as novel observations of air-sea exchange rates of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. Terrestrial biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) determine global SOA production rates, but estimates of their marine source span several orders of magnitude. A chemical-ionization method for the sensitive detection of BVOC was developed and deployed to the remote MBL aboard a research vessel during the High Wind Gas Exchange Study. Direct observations of BVOC (dimethyl sulfide, isoprene and monoterpene) mixing ratios and air-sea exchange were taken via eddy covariance. Dimethyl sulfide and monoterpene air-sea exchange rates were positive (i.e. emitted) in both remote and coastal waters. In coastal areas, monoterpene air-sea exchange rates rivaled dimethyl sulfide. Reactive nitrogen species (NOy) including alkyl nitrates (RONO2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2) are the main source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) to the remote MBL and set ozone production rates. During a realistic mesocosm study and detailed laboratory monoculture experiments, alkyl nitrates were found to be driven by heterotrophic bacteria abundance suggesting a dark production mechanism for short-chained RONO2. In an ambient coastal polluted atmosphere, simultaneous eddy covariance measurements of N2O5 and ClNO2 air-sea exchange were taken from a pier. Contrary to what was predicted by heterogeneous chemistry, measurements demonstrated that the air-sea interface is a sink for both species, thus a terminal sink for NOx. Depending on aerosol surface area, this demonstrates the air-sea interface can play a controlling role in NOx processing in polluted coastal environments.
Book Synopsis Aerosol Composition in the Marine and Coastal Boundary Layer by :
Download or read book Aerosol Composition in the Marine and Coastal Boundary Layer written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper focuses on aerosol composition data obtained in the North Atlantic, in the Mediterranean, in the northern Gulf of Mexico, off the coasts of California, Nova Scotia and Portugal, and on shore on Cape Cod and on the North Sea Coast of West Germany. The data show that the marine aerosol population varies considerably in composition, particularly in coastal areas, and does not necessarily comprise primarily sea salt aerosols. As a result of these compositional differences, response of the aerosol to fluctuations in relative humidity is expected to differ from one locale or airmass to another. Therefore, aerosol size spectra alone are not sufficient for the prediction of visibility or the potential performance of EO systems under changing humidity conditions.
Book Synopsis Marine Aerosol Physical Properties and Influences by Meteorology in the North Atlantic Ocean by : Nicole Chisholm
Download or read book Marine Aerosol Physical Properties and Influences by Meteorology in the North Atlantic Ocean written by Nicole Chisholm and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine aerosols play an important role in earth's climate, but their effects remain highly uncertain due to a poor understanding of their sources, properties, and atmospheric processing, partly due to limited measurements. The Coastal-Fog (C-FOG) study investigated the processes controlling the formation and properties of fog in the North Atlantic Ocean. As part of this study, aerosol particle size distributions and chemical composition were measured off the shore of the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada, and used to investigate the sources and processes affecting the observed aerosols. Processed marine air during the study was characterized by single and bi-modal aerosol size distributions. Aerosols in the port city of St. John's, Newfoundland reflected local emissions built up due to poor ventilation, whereas aerosols in Halifax, Nova Scotia were lower in concentration because the harbour is more spread out. Finally, two particle growth events were observed. The first event captured the appearance of 10 nm particles that grew to 30 nm over 4 h. These aerosols appeared to be newly formed in the upper portion of the boundary layer with influence from the free troposphere before subsiding to the surface. In the second event, 45 nm particles grew to 70 nm over 8 h. The growth of these aerosols was most likely due to the direct condensation of organic vapours emitted from boreal forests and/or the ocean. Our observations provide important insight into the processes affecting marine aerosols and highlight the crucial role of boundary layer meteorology.
Book Synopsis What Can We Learn from the Cleanest Marine Boundary Layers? Insights from the North Atlantic by : Samuel Pennypacker
Download or read book What Can We Learn from the Cleanest Marine Boundary Layers? Insights from the North Atlantic written by Samuel Pennypacker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Particle Formation in Coastal and Marine Atmosphere by : Xiangyu Pei
Download or read book New Particle Formation in Coastal and Marine Atmosphere written by Xiangyu Pei and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosol particles play an important role in atmospheric processes, and have significant impact on global climate, air quality and human health. The effects of secondary aerosol still represent one of the largest uncertainties limiting understanding of climate change. The secondary aerosol originates from gas-to-particle conversion, which is also called New Particle Formation (NPF). NPF in coastal and marine air has not been clearly studied. In many coastal areas NPF events appear frequently, however, in remote marine environments, NPF events occur only occasionally. This book, which aims to give information on neutral charged particles during the coastal NPF and to elucidate the different behaviors of negative and positive particles near the coastal line and on the ocean, therefore, provides detailed analysis of measurement results in coastal and marine atmosphere. The analysis should help shed some light on speculating and understanding the mechanism of atmospheric NPF, and should be especially useful to professionals in Atmospheric Science fields, or anyone else who wants to understand the physical processes in atmosphere.
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Interactions Between the Marine Layer and the Western United States by : Timothy W. Juliano
Download or read book Atmospheric Interactions Between the Marine Layer and the Western United States written by Timothy W. Juliano and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal marine environments are regions of significant meteorological interest as a result of the direct impact of atmospheric processes on, for example, commerce and trade, naval operations, and civilian activities. Because the coastal topography of the Western United States acts as a lateral boundary for the marine layer over the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, it plays a critical role in the life cycle of various marine boundary layer (MBL) processes. The work presented here will investigate two MBL phenomena — namely hydraulic jumps and coastally trapped disturbances (CTDs) — that are strongly influenced by coastal terrain and highlight the influence of large-scale meteorological conditions on meso- and micro-scale processes. The first portion of this research focuses on a case study of an atmospheric hydraulic jump offshore California on 24 May 2012. Observations from the University of Wyoming King Air are compared with simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A sharp thinning of the upstream MBL and the downstream development of a hydraulic jump was captured by both the aircraft and the WRF model. Numerical simulations reveal that a strongly divergent wind field, consistent with expansion fan dynamics, is present upwind of the hydraulic jump. Results from large-eddy simulations show a large increase in the turbulent kinetic energy field in the jump region. Part two of this study investigates 23 CTD events — spanning the years from 2004 to 2016 — from a climatological perspective using several data products, including model reanalyses, buoys, and satellites. For the first time, satellite retrievals suggest that CTD cloud decks may play a unique role in the radiation budget due to a combination of aerosol sources that increase cloud albedo by ∼2% on average. Three of the 23 CTD cases are examined in more detail using aircraft and satellite measurements in addition to the WRF model. A set of WRF configurations suggests that the treatment of model physics strongly influences CTD cloud field evolution. Moreover, cloud water-soluble ionic composition analyses conducted for two of the CTD cases indicate that continental aerosol sources may impact CTD cloud decks.
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Book Synopsis Understanding the Global Effect of Secondary Organic Aerosol on Size Distributions in Past and Present Climates by : Stephen D'Andrea
Download or read book Understanding the Global Effect of Secondary Organic Aerosol on Size Distributions in Past and Present Climates written by Stephen D'Andrea and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigating Marine Boundary Layer Aerosol Budgets and Variability by : Johannes Karel Christiaan Mohrmann
Download or read book Investigating Marine Boundary Layer Aerosol Budgets and Variability written by Johannes Karel Christiaan Mohrmann and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine boundary layer (MBL) aerosol particles are an important feature of the climate system due in major part to their effect on marine boundary layer clouds, but the factors controlling their variability are not fully understood. A better understanding of the budget and controlling factors of these aerosol particles is needed to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic perturbations on aerosol concentrations and ultimately cloud radiative properties. Using data primarily collected during the MAGIC field campaign in the northeast Pacific, complemented by aerosol and meteorological reanalysis, we consider a simplified aerosol budget consisting of advection, precipitation loss, wind-mediated sea-surface generation, and entrainment from the lower free-troposphere. A major feature in MBL aerosol variability is the strong seasonal cycle, with concentrations observed to be approximately 50 cm−3 in winter and 100 cm−3 in the summer in the focus region (northeast Pacific). We explore seasonal differences in the concentration of accumulation mode aerosol particle number concentration using a steady-state model, which captures approximately two-thirds of the observed summer-winter difference. We find that precipitation differences account for approximately 53\% of the seasonal difference in aerosol particle concentrations, seasonal differences in advection account for 25%, and wind-driven surface sources and entrainment account for 18% and 4% respectively. Secondary particle formation and growth from smaller modes are not considered. The longitudinal gradient in aerosol particle number concentration is well-reproduced in summer, but overestimated in winter. Sensitivity analysis weighted by estimated variable uncertainty show that uncertainty in aerosol particle advection and free-tropospheric aerosol concentrations are the largest contributors to modeled aerosol uncertainty. On subseasonal timescales, high aerosol concentration events (in the top quartile of 6-hourly means) are found to correlate with shallow, non-precipitating boundary layers with high overlying aerosol concentrations, with no correlation with wind speed; this was observed in both summer and winter.
