Understanding Pathophysiology

Download Understanding Pathophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Mosby Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9780323054362
Total Pages : 1194 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (543 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Pathophysiology by : Sue E. Huether

Download or read book Understanding Pathophysiology written by Sue E. Huether and published by Mosby Incorporated. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 1194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable money-saving package includes Understanding Pathophysiology, 4th edition and Pathophysiology Online to Accompany Understanding Pathophysiology (User Guide and Access Code).

Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition - E-Book

Download Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition - E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323778852
Total Pages : 1229 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (237 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition - E-Book by : Kelly Power-Kean

Download or read book Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition - E-Book written by Kelly Power-Kean and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-01-08 with total page 1229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Pathophysiology provides an entrance to the science of pathophysiology and explains why it is important. Lifespan coverage includes nine separate chapters on developmental alterations in pathophysiology and special sections with aging and pediatrics content. Canadian drug and treatment guidelines familiarize you with aspects of clinical practice you will encounter. Coverage of diseases includes their pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment. Canadian lab values provide the core fundamental information required for practice in Canada. Canadian morbidity statistics provide you with the Canadian context in which you will be practising. Algorithms and flowcharts of diseases and disorders make it easy to follow the sequential progression of disease processes. Health Promotion boxes emphasize evidence-based care and align with the Canadian curriculum. Risk Factors boxes highlight important safety considerations associated with specific diseases. Quick Check boxes test your understanding of important chapter concepts. End-of-chapter Did You Understand? summaries make it easy to review the chapter’s major concepts. Key Terms are set in blue, boldface type and listed at the end of each chapter Glossary of approximately 1,000 terms is included on the Evolve website with definitions of important terminology. NEW! Updated content reflects current Canadian pathophysiology literature and evidence including incidence/prevalence, cultural variations, Canadian research and statistics, Canadian guidelines and standards, and Indigenous health. NEW! Easy-to-read writing style helps you understand and learn complex content. NEW! Case studies in each of the Alterations chapters provide the opportunity to use critical reasoning and clinical judgement to "pull it all together" and demonstrate application of knowledge. NEW! Comorbidities boxes in selected chapters link pathophysiology to pharmacology. NEW! Appendix of normal laboratory values in SI units is included for quick reference. NEW! More than 30 new 3-D animations are included on the Evolve website, bringing difficult concepts and disease processes to life. NEW! Test-preparation tools help you succeed on the Next Generation NCLEX®, CPNRE®, and REx-PNTM — both in the text and on Evolve!

Understanding Pathophysiology - ANZ adaptation

Download Understanding Pathophysiology - ANZ adaptation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0729579514
Total Pages : 2926 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (295 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Pathophysiology - ANZ adaptation by : Judy Craft

Download or read book Understanding Pathophysiology - ANZ adaptation written by Judy Craft and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 2926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new pathophysiology textbook specifically for Australian and New Zealand nursing studentsUnderstanding Pathophysiology provides nursing students with the optimal balance between science, clinical case material and pharmacology. With entrenched bio-medical terminology that can be difficult to relate to nursing practice, pathophysiology is a complex, though essential, component of all undergraduate nursing courses. Understanding Pathophysiology: ANZ Edition overcomes this difficulty by presenting the topic in an accessible manner appropriate to undergraduate nursing students in Australia and New Zealand. The book prioritises diseases relevant to nursing students and presents them according to prevalence and rate of incidence in Australia and New Zealand. This focused approach prepares students for the presentations they will experience in a clinical setting. Understanding Pathophysiology: ANZ Edition explores each body system first by structure and function, then by alteration. This establishes the physiology prior to addressing the diseases relative to the system and allows students to analyse and compare the normal versus altered state. This local edition of Understanding Pathophysiology incorporates a lifespan approach and explores contemporary health with specific chapters on stress, genes and the environment, obesity and diabetes, cancer, mental illness and Indigenous health issues. Clinical case studies are included in each chapter, with each patient case study highlighting the relevant medical symptoms of a given disease within a clinical setting. This is then analysed with respect to the relevancy of each symptom, their respective affect on body systems and the best course of pharmacological treatment. Elsevier’s Evolve website provides extensive support materials for students and lecturers. Also available for purchase with this textbook is an e-book, Pathophysiology Online – a set of online modules, and a mobile study guide application. • pathophysiology presented at an appropriate level for undergraduate nursing students in Australia and New Zealand • an adaptation of a US edition – Understanding Pathophysiology, 4th Edition • diseases are addressed according to prevalence, incidence and relevance • a ‘systems’ approach is incorporated with a ‘lifespan’ approach within the alterations chapters • a new section on contemporary health issues examines the effects of an aging population and lifestyle choices on a society’s overall health • new chapters on topics including homeostasis; genes and the environment; obesity and diabetes; mental health and Indigenous health issues • chapter outlines and key terms appear at the beginning of each chapter • concept maps provide visual representation of the key concepts addressed in each chapter • clinical case studies feature in each chapter to bring pathophysiology into practice • helpful ‘focus on learning’ boxes in each chapter • key terms are bolded in the text and listed in the glossary • summaries of main points feature in each chapter • review questions at chapter end are accompanied by answers provided online

Essentials of Pathophysiology for Nursing Practice

Download Essentials of Pathophysiology for Nursing Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1526479001
Total Pages : 1246 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (264 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Essentials of Pathophysiology for Nursing Practice by : Neal Cook

Download or read book Essentials of Pathophysiology for Nursing Practice written by Neal Cook and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2019-05-25 with total page 1246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A straight-forward, detailed overview of pathophysiology, providing nursing students with clear and simple explanations of the basic principles that underpin health and illness, and the main causes of disease. The book uses person-centred nursing as its guiding principle (in-line with the new NMC standards) to encourage students to develop a more detailed understanding of specific disorders and learn how to apply the bioscience theory to nursing practice and patient care. Key features: Full-colour diagrams and figures: all content supported by colourful, reader-friendly illustrations. Person-centred bioscience: a fictional family woven through the book encourages students to think holistically about pathophysiology and consider the lived-experiences of different conditions and diseases. Online resources: access to online materials for lecturers and students, including multiple choice questions, videos, flashcards, lecturer test bank, an image bank and a media teaching guide.

Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology

Download Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1975107209
Total Pages : 3379 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (751 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology by : Tommie Norris

Download or read book Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology written by Tommie Norris and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 3379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vital Disease Information for Your Success in Nursing Ready yourself for the realities of professional nursing practice with this proven approach to pathophysiology. Distilling need-to-know disease content in a clear, accessible format, Porth’sEssentials of Pathophysiology offers concise yet complete coverage of how the body works to help you establish the scientific foundation essential to success in your nursing career. Approachable presentation builds understanding from basic to advanced concepts and defines key terms as you progress. “Chunked” content--including Learning Objectives, Key Points boxes, and Summary Concepts sections--highlights critical points for reflection. Full-color illustrations clarify the clinical manifestations of diseases and disease processes. Review Exercises at the end of each chapter test your retention and identify areas for further study. References provide fast, efficient access to normal laboratory values in both conventional and SI units, as well as a comprehensive glossary. Narrated animations referenced by icons in the text and available online enhance your understanding of the most challenging and clinically relevant concepts.

Pathophysiology

Download Pathophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1284042251
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pathophysiology by : Lachel Story

Download or read book Pathophysiology written by Lachel Story and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathophysiology: A Practical Approach, Second Edition is a must have text for teaching undergraduates the complex concepts related to pathophysiology. The Second edition offers an innovative, user-friendly approach to this subject and serves as a practical guide to pathophysiology. This text focuses on the most critical content taking the learner into consideration and has been crafted in a unique manner which provides ease of reading and the use of colorful graphics to bring complex content to life. Pathophysiology: A Practical Approach, Second Edition features updated information resulting from research and current epidemiological trends. Additionally, the author incorporates a concept-based approach which aligns with the recommendations from both the Institute of Medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to promote clinical reasoning and lifelong learning. Key pedagogical features of the text include: • Chapter Objectives • Key Terms • Learning Points • Myth Busters • Critical Cases (called “Application to Practice”) • Chapter Summary • Learning Aids

Essential Pathophysiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students

Download Essential Pathophysiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN 13 : 0335238343
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (352 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Essential Pathophysiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students by : Ann Richards

Download or read book Essential Pathophysiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students written by Ann Richards and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential Pathophysiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students is the perfect quick reference and study guide for students covering pathophysiology, disease and therapeutics as part of a nursing or other healthcare course. It clearly and simply explains the underpinning processes of disease, covering cellular physiology, genetics, fluids, electrolytes and the immune system, and the main diseases and conditions that can occur within each. Each chapter is written in a quick reference format so it can be used for study, exam preparation or use on student placement. The book covers body systems including: Cardiovascular Respiratory Immune Lymphatic Nervous Digestive Endocrine Reproductive Developed with the reader in mind, each chapter includes clinical tips, case studies, diagrams, and self-assessment questions to make pathophysiology accessible and digestible - this is a must-have book for students of nursing and healthcare. "Essential Pathophysiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students is a book that should be kept no further than an arm’s reach away. The book is easy to navigate and easy to understand. Nursing and healthcare students will find that this book is essential in helping them comprehend and learn about the systems and mechanisms of the human body in health and ill health. This book would also be a good read for anybody working with or teaching students as a refresher on pathophysiology." Rebecca Bailey-McHale, Lecturer, Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, UK "This detailed but accessible book covers this subject in sufficient depth to give a good understanding of the topic without becoming overwhelming. As well as giving the evidence behind the text, this is a good resource if more in-depth reading is required. The authors have succeeded in writing a quick reference book that is remarkably in-depth and easy to read. This book would be suitable for any healthcare student who needs an understanding of the concept of pathophysiology however it would also be relevant for those seeking a general overview of the subject or more senior staff who wish to consolidate or refresh their knowledge." Rebecca Myatt, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Perioperative Medicine

Download Perioperative Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1416024565
Total Pages : 744 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Perioperative Medicine by : Mark F. Newman, MD

Download or read book Perioperative Medicine written by Mark F. Newman, MD and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2007-10-12 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognized authorities in anesthesiology and surgical critical care present you with today's best management approaches for achieving optimal perioperative outcomes. They review the potential risks to all major organ systems by examining the incidence and significance of organ dysfunction...assessing the etiology of particular organ dysfunctions...defining the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors...and offering perioperative protection strategies to minimize potential complications. A consistent chapter format - combined with color-coded algorithms, summary tables and boxes - enable you to quickly locate specific guidance. Top evidence- and outcome-based strategies from leading world authorities enable you to avoid and manage complications. A consistent format allows you to easily and efficiently access the very latest research and clinical practice guidelines. Color-coded algorithms, as well as abundant summary tables and boxes, save you valuable time in locating the best management approaches.

Understanding Pathophysiology

Download Understanding Pathophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Mosby
ISBN 13 : 9780729539517
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (395 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Pathophysiology by : Judy Craft

Download or read book Understanding Pathophysiology written by Judy Craft and published by Mosby. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This adaptation of Understanding Pathophysiology by Huether and McCance builds on the strengths of the US edition while tailoring it to the specific needs of Australia and New Zealand undergraduate nursing students.

Understanding Pathophysiology - E-Book

Download Understanding Pathophysiology - E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323293433
Total Pages : 1187 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (232 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Pathophysiology - E-Book by : Sue E. Huether

Download or read book Understanding Pathophysiology - E-Book written by Sue E. Huether and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-12-27 with total page 1187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the essential concepts of pathophysiology and stay up to date on treatments, manifestations, and mechanisms of disease with Understanding Pathophysiology, 5th Edition. Filled with vibrant illustrations and complemented by online resources that bring pathophysiology concepts to life, this easy-to-read text delivers the latest, most accurate information on the disease process across the lifespan, giving you the fundamental knowledge you need to move forward in your nursing education. Consistent presentation helps you better distinguish pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment for each disease. More than 1,000 high-quality illustrations vividly depict clinical manifestations and cellular mechanisms underlying diseases. Lifespan coverage details age-specific conditions affecting pediatric, adult, and aging patients in great depth. Algorithms throughout the text clarify disease progression. Risk Factor boxes alert you to important safety considerations associated with specific diseases. Health Alert boxes highlight new developments in biologic research, diagnostic studies, preventive care, treatments, and more. Quick Check boxes test your retention of important chapter concepts. Did You Understand? sections provide fast, efficient review of chapter content. Chapter outlines help you find specific information with ease. Chapter introductions explain why chapter content is important and how it fits into a broader health care context. Key terms are bolded throughout the text for fast, easy reference. Glossary of selected terms familiarizes you with the most difficult or important terminology. Companion Evolve website provides convenient online access to animations, review questions, key terms matching exercises, and more. NEW! Extensively updated content reflects the latest clinical findings and research across the full spectrum of pathophysiology. NEW! Hundreds of new and enhanced full-color illustrations clarify anatomy and physiologic concepts. NEW! 30 new animations on the companion Evolve website reinforce your understanding of complex processes.

Pathophysiology Made Incredibly Easy

Download Pathophysiology Made Incredibly Easy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 9780874349351
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (493 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pathophysiology Made Incredibly Easy by :

Download or read book Pathophysiology Made Incredibly Easy written by and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here's a fun-filled, unconventional reference that's guaranteed to greatly enhance understanding of critical pathophysiology concepts. Light-hearted illustrations and humor break the tension and make learning a joy. Contents include pathophysiology basics, cancer, infection, immune system, genetics, endocrine system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, neurologic system, hematologic system, digestive system, renal and urologic system, and musculoskeletal system.

Understanding Clinical Research

Download Understanding Clinical Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071792651
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Clinical Research by : Renato D. Lopes

Download or read book Understanding Clinical Research written by Renato D. Lopes and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to understanding and applying clinical research results Ideal for both researchers and healthcare providers Understanding Clinical Research addresses both the operational challenges of clinical trials and the needs of clinicians to comprehend the nuances of research methods to accurately analyze study results. This timely resource covers all aspects of clinical trials--from study design and statistics to regulatory oversight--and it delivers a detailed yet streamlined overview of must-know research topics. The text features an accessible three-part organization that traces the evolution of clinical research and explains the bedrock principles and unique challenges of clinical experimentation and observational research. Reinforcing this content are real-life case examples--drawn from the authors' broad experience--that put chapter concepts into action and contribute to a working knowledge of integral research techniques. FEATURES: The most definitive guide to promoting excellence in clinical research, designed to empower healthcare providers to assess a study's strengths and weaknesses with confidence and apply this knowledge to optimize patient outcomes In-depth coverage of fundamental research methods and protocols from preeminent authorities provides readers with an instructive primer and a springboard for ongoing clinical research education Clear, comprehensive three-part organization: Section One: Evolution of Clinical Research offers a succinct history of clinical trials, drug regulations, and the role of the FDA while covering the impact of information technology and academic research organizations Section Two: Principles of Clinical Experimentation takes you through the typical phases of clinical trials in the development of medical products, from initial human subject research to postapproval surveillance studies Section Three: Observational Research highlights the underlying principles, pitfalls, and methods for case-control studies, cohort studies, registries, and subgroup analyses within randomized trials

Pathophysiology - Binder Ready

Download Pathophysiology - Binder Ready PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780323639507
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (395 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pathophysiology - Binder Ready by : Kathryn L. McCance, RN, PhD

Download or read book Pathophysiology - Binder Ready written by Kathryn L. McCance, RN, PhD and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Binder-Ready Edition: This loose-leaf copy of the full text is a convenient, accessible, and customizable alternative to the bound book. With this binder-ready edition, you can personalize the text to match your unique study needs! Learn the what, how, and why of pathophysiology! With easy-to-read, in-depth descriptions of disease, disease etiology, and disease processes, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 8th Edition helps you understand the most important and most complex pathophysiology concepts. This text includes more than 1,300 full-color illustrations and photographs to make it easier to identify normal anatomy and physiology, as well as alterations of function. This edition includes a NEW chapter on obesity and nutritional disorders, along with expanded coverage of rare diseases and epigenetics. It's the most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text available! The most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text on the market provides unparalleled coverage of Pathophysiology content. Over 1,300 full-color illustrations and photographs depict the clinical manifestations of disease and disease processes - more than in any other pathophysiology text. Consistent presentation of diseases includes pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment. Lifespan content includes ten separate pediatric chapters and special sections with aging and pediatrics content. Outstanding authors Kathryn McCance and Sue Huether have extensive backgrounds as researchers and instructors, and utilize expert contributors, consultants, and reviewers in developing this edition. Algorithms and flowcharts of diseases and disorders make it easy for you to follow the sequential progression of disease processes. Additional What's New boxes highlight the most current research and clinical development. Nutrition and Disease boxes explain the link between concepts of health promotion and disease. Chapter summary reviews provide concise synopses of the main points of each chapter. The most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text on the market provides unparalleled coverage of Pathophysiology content. NEW! Chapter on obesity and nutritional disorders thoroughly covers these growing global concerns. NEW! Added coverage of rare diseases and epigenetics further explores genetic disease traits. NEW! Over 50 new or revised illustrations visually highlight pathophysiology concepts. NEW! More than 30 new 3D animations on Evolve bring difficult concepts to life for a new perspective on disease processes.

Understanding Basic Renal Physiology

Download Understanding Basic Renal Physiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536132243
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Basic Renal Physiology by :

Download or read book Understanding Basic Renal Physiology written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pathophysiology Online for Pathophysiology (Access Code and Textbook Package)

Download Pathophysiology Online for Pathophysiology (Access Code and Textbook Package) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Mosby
ISBN 13 : 9780323654388
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (543 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pathophysiology Online for Pathophysiology (Access Code and Textbook Package) by : Kathryn L. McCance

Download or read book Pathophysiology Online for Pathophysiology (Access Code and Textbook Package) written by Kathryn L. McCance and published by Mosby. This book was released on 2018-06 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology

Download Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780803694118
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (941 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology by : Theresa Capriotti

Download or read book Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology written by Theresa Capriotti and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preceded by Pathophysiology / Theresa Capriotti, Joan Parker Frizzell. 2016.

Clinical Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple

Download Clinical Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Medmaster
ISBN 13 : 9780940780804
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple by : Aaron Berkowitz

Download or read book Clinical Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple written by Aaron Berkowitz and published by Medmaster. This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CD on Differentail Diagnosis, shows the interpretation of common lab tests and patient symptoms and signs, also facilitates searching several reference services for additional information.