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Ultra Fast X Ray Thomson Scattering Measurements Of Coalescing Shock Heated Matter
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Book Synopsis Ultra-fast X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Coalescing Shock-heated Matter by :
Download or read book Ultra-fast X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Coalescing Shock-heated Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experiment in this work was preformed at the Titan laser facility (S1) where a short pulse beam at a wavelength of 1053nm delivered up to 350J in 0.5 to 20 ps and a long pulse beam at 527nm, 2[omega] frequency provided energies up to 450J in 1 to 6 ns. Long pulse shaping in this experiment, similar to future capabilities at NIF, was primarily a 4ns long foot with an intensity of 1 x 1013 W/cm2, followed by a 2ns long peak with an intensity of 3 x 1013 W/cm2. A ≈ 600 um phase plate was used on the long pulse beam to moderate non-uniformities in the intensity profile. An illustration of the Thomson scattering setup for this experiment is provided in Fig. 1 of the main text. A nearly mono-energetic scattering source of [Delta]E/E ≈ 0.3% in the 4.5 keV Ti K-alpha line was produced via intense short-pulse laser irradiation of 1.9 x 3 x 0.01 mm Ti foils, creating energetic keV electrons in the process (S2, S3). The nearly isotropic source emission (S4) is produced in the cold solid density bulk of the foil from electron K shell ionization of neutral or weakly ionized atoms, with an emission size on the order of the laser focal spot. By optimizing the laser intensity and pulse width to 4.4 x 1016 W cm−2, a total of 2.3 x 1013 x-ray photons have been produced into 4[pi]. This value corresponds to a conversion efficiency of laser energy into Ti K-alpha x-ray energy of 5 x 10−5, see Fig. S1. These sources provide ≈10 ps x-ray pulses as measured experimentally (S5).
Book Synopsis Ultra-fast X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Insulator-metal Transition in Shock-compressed Matter by :
Download or read book Ultra-fast X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Insulator-metal Transition in Shock-compressed Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectrally resolved scattering of ultra-short pulse laser-generated K-[alpha] x rays has been applied to measure the heating and compression of shocked solid-density lithium hydride. Two shocks launched by a nanosecond laser pulse coalesce yielding pressures of 400 gigapascals. The evolution of the intensity of the elastic (Rayleigh) scattering component indicates rapid heating to temperatures of 25,000 K on a 100 ps time scale. At shock coalescence, the scattering spectra show the collective plasmon oscillations indicating the transition to the dense metallic plasma state. The plasmon frequency determines the material compression, which is found to be a factor of three thereby reaching conditions in the laboratory important for studying astrophysics phenomena.
Book Synopsis Ultrafast K-[alpha] X-ray Thomson Scattering from Shock Compressed Lithium Hydride by :
Download or read book Ultrafast K-[alpha] X-ray Thomson Scattering from Shock Compressed Lithium Hydride written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectrally and temporally resolved x ray Thomson scattering using ultrafast Ti K-[alpha] x-rays has provided experimental validation for modeling of the compression and heating of shocked matter. The coalescence of two shocks launched into a solid density LiH target by a shaped 6 nanosecond heater beam was observed from rapid heating to temperatures of 2.2 eV, enabling tests of shock timing models. Here, the temperature evolution of the target at various times during shock progression was characterized from the intensity of the elastic scattering component. The observation of scattering from plasmons, electron plasma oscillations, at shock coalescence indicates a transition to a dense metallic plasma state in LiH. From the frequency shift of the measured plasmon feature the electron density was directly determined with high accuracy, providing a material compression of a factor of three times solid density. The quality of data achieved in these experiments demonstrates the capability for single-shot dynamic characterization of dense shock compressed matter. The conditions probed in this experiment are relevant for the study of the physics of planetary formation and to characterize inertial confinement fusion targets for experiments such as on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), LLNL.
Book Synopsis K-[alpha] X-ray Thomson Scattering From Dense Plasmas by :
Download or read book K-[alpha] X-ray Thomson Scattering From Dense Plasmas written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectrally resolved Thomson scattering using ultra-fast K-[alpha] x-rays has measured the compression and heating of shocked compressed matter. The evolution and coalescence of two shock waves traveling through a solid density LiH target were characterized by the elastic scattering component. The density and temperature at shock coalescence, 2.2 eV and 1.7 x 1023cm−3, were determined from the plasmon frequency shift and the relative intensity of the elastic and inelastic scattering features in the collective scattering regime. The observation of plasmon scattering at coalescence indicates a transition to the dense metallic state in LiH. The density and temperature regimes accessed in these experiments are relevant for inertial confinement fusion experiments and for the study of planetary formation.
Book Synopsis X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Temperature and Density from Multi-shocked CH Capsules by :
Download or read book X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Temperature and Density from Multi-shocked CH Capsules written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proof-of-principle measurements of the electron densities, temperatures, and ionization states of spherically compressed multi-shocked CH (polystyrene) capsules have been achieved using spectrally resolved x-ray Thomson scattering. A total energy of 13.5 kJ incident on target is used to compress a 70 [mu]m thick CH shell above solid-mass density using three coalescing shocks. Separately, a laser-produced zinc He-[alpha] x-ray source at 9 keV delayed 200 ps-800 ps after maximum compression is used to probe the plasma in the non-collective scattering regime. The data show that x-ray Thomson scattering enables a complete description of the time-dependent hydrodynamic evolution of shock-compressed CH capsules, with a maximum measured density of [rho]> 6 g cm-3. Additionally, the results demonstrate that accurate measurements of x-ray scattering from bound-free transitions in the CH plasma demonstrate strong evidence that continuum lowering is the primary ionization mechanism of carbon L-shell electrons.
Book Synopsis X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Warm Dense Matter by :
Download or read book X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Warm Dense Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Using Collective X-ray Thomson Scattering to Measure Temperature and Density of Warm Dense Matter by :
Download or read book Using Collective X-ray Thomson Scattering to Measure Temperature and Density of Warm Dense Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collective x-ray Thomson scattering allows measuring plasmons, i.e electron plasma oscillations (Langmuir waves). This is manifest in the appearance of spectrally up- and down-shifted spectral features in addition to the Rayleigh signal. The ratio of the up- and down-shifted signals is directly related to detailed balance, allowing to determine the plasma temperature from first principles. The spectral shift of the plasmon signals is sensitive to temperature and electron density. We discuss the experimental considerations that have to be fulfilled to observe plasmon signals with x-ray Thomson scattering. As an example, we describe an experiment that used the Cl Ly-[alpha] x-ray line at 2.96 keV to measure collective Thomson scattering from solid beryllium, isochorically heated to 18 eV. Since temperature measurement based on detailed balance is based on first principles, this method is important to validate models that, for example, calculate the static ion-ion structure factor S{sub ii}(k).
Book Synopsis Inelastic X-ray Scattering Measurements of Ionization in Warm, Dense Matter by : Paul Davis
Download or read book Inelastic X-ray Scattering Measurements of Ionization in Warm, Dense Matter written by Paul Davis and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work we demonstrate spectrally resolved x-ray scattering from electron-plasma waves in shock-compressed deuterium and proton-heated matter. Because the spectral signature of inelastic x-ray scattering is strongly dependent on the free electron density of the system, it is used to infer ionization in dynamically heated samples. Using 2-6 ns, 500 J laser pulses from LLNL's Janus laser, we shocked liquid deuterium to pressures approaching 50 GPa, reaching compressions of 4 times liquid density. A second laser produced intense 2 keV x-rays. By collecting and spectrally dispersing forward scattered photons at 45 degrees, the onset of ionization was detected at compressions of about 3 times in the form of plasmon oscillations. Backscattered x-rays bolstered this observation by measuring the free electron distribution through Compton scattering. Comparison with simulations shows very close agreement between the pressure dependence of ionization and molecular dissociation in dynamically compressed deuterium. In a second set of experiments, a 10 ps, 200 J Titan laser pulse was split into two beams. One created a stream of MeV protons to heat samples of boron and boron-nitride and the other pumped 4.5 keV K-alpha radiation in a titanium foil to probe the hot target. We observed scattered x-rays 300 ps after heating, noting a strong difference in average ionization between the two target materials at temperatures of 16 eV and very similar mass densities. Comparison with electron structure calculations suggests that this difference is due to a persistence of long-range ion structure in BN resulting in high-temperature band structure. These results underscore the importance of understanding the complex electron structure of materials even at electron-volt temperatures and gigapascal pressures. Our results provide new data to guide the theoretical modeling of warm, dense matter important to understanding giant planets and inertial fusion targets.
Book Synopsis Simulations of X-ray Thomson Scattering from Warm Dense Matter by : Ghulam Shabbir Naz
Download or read book Simulations of X-ray Thomson Scattering from Warm Dense Matter written by Ghulam Shabbir Naz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Demonstration of Space-resolved X-ray Thomson Scattering Capability for Warm Dense Matter Experiments on the Z Accelerator by :
Download or read book Demonstration of Space-resolved X-ray Thomson Scattering Capability for Warm Dense Matter Experiments on the Z Accelerator written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments on the Sandia Z pulsed-power accelerator demonstrated the ability to produce warm dense matter (WDM) states with unprecedented uniformity, duration, and size, which are ideal for investigations of fundamental WDM properties. For the first time, space-resolved x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) spectra from shocked carbon foams were recorded on Z. The large (> 20 MA) electrical current produced by Z was used to launch Al flyer plates up to 25 km/s. The impact of the flyer plate on a CH2 foam target produced a shocked state with an estimated pressure of 0.75 Mbar, density of 0.52 g/cm3, and temperature of 4.3 eV. Both unshocked and shocked portions of the foam target were probed with 6.2 keV x-rays produced by focusing the Z-Beamlet laser onto a nearby Mn foil. The data is composed of three spatially distinct spectra that were simultaneously captured with a single spectrometer with high spectral (4.8 eV) and spatial (190 [mu]m) resolutions. Furthermore, these spectra provide detailed information on three target locations: the laser spot, the unshocked foam, and the shocked foam.
Book Synopsis Measure-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements from Shock-Compressed Deuterium by :
Download or read book Measure-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements from Shock-Compressed Deuterium written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Theory of X-ray Thomson Scattering in Warm Dense Matter by : Kathrin Wünsch
Download or read book Theory of X-ray Thomson Scattering in Warm Dense Matter written by Kathrin Wünsch and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Basic X-ray Scattering for Soft Matter by : Wilhelmus Hendrikus Jeu
Download or read book Basic X-ray Scattering for Soft Matter written by Wilhelmus Hendrikus Jeu and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray scattering is a well-established technique in materials science. The aim of this text is to explain basic principles and applications of x-ray scattering in a simple way using many practical examples followed by more elaborate case studies. It contains a separate chapter on the different types of order/disorder in soft matter that play such an important role in modern self-assembling systems. Finally the last chapter treats soft matter surfaces and thin film that are increasingly used in coatings and in many technological applications, such as liquid crystal displays and nanostructured block copolymer films
Book Synopsis Ultrashort X-ray Pulse Science by : Alan Hap Chin
Download or read book Ultrashort X-ray Pulse Science written by Alan Hap Chin and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Characterization of an Ultra-fast Thomson Scattering X-ray Source with Three-dimensional Time and Frequency-domain Analysis by :
Download or read book Experimental Characterization of an Ultra-fast Thomson Scattering X-ray Source with Three-dimensional Time and Frequency-domain Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a detailed comparison of the measured characteristics of Thomson backscattered x-rays produced at the PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser-Electron Interaction for the Dynamic Evaluation of Structures) facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to predicted results from a newly developed, fully three-dimensional time and frequency-domain code. Based on the relativistic differential cross section, this code has the capability to calculate time and space dependent spectra of the x-ray photons produced from linear Thomson scattering for both bandwidth-limited and chirped incident laser pulses. Spectral broadening of the scattered x-ray pulse resulting from the incident laser bandwidth, perpendicular wave vector components in the laser focus, and the transverse and longitudinal phase space of the electron beam are included. Electron beam energy, energy spread, and transverse phase space measurements of the electron beam at the interaction point are presented, and the corresponding predicted x-ray characteristics are determined. In addition, time-integrated measurements of the x-rays produced from the interaction are presented, and shown to agree well with the simulations.
Book Synopsis Modeling X-ray Thomson Scattering Spectra of Warm Dense Matter by :
Download or read book Modeling X-ray Thomson Scattering Spectra of Warm Dense Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis X-ray Thomson Scattering of Warm Dense Matter on the Z-accelerator by :
Download or read book X-ray Thomson Scattering of Warm Dense Matter on the Z-accelerator written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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