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Tropospheric Modelling And Emission Estimation
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Book Synopsis Tropospheric Modelling and Emission Estimation by : Adolf Ebel
Download or read book Tropospheric Modelling and Emission Estimation written by Adolf Ebel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end result of policy-related experimental and theoretical scientific work on the abatement of atmospheric emissions is a hierarchy of computer models that can be used to analyse and predict the behaviour of pollutants on urban, local regional and global scales. Such models are required to simulate an extremely complex natural situation in which a non-linear chemistry must be included together with the vagaries of the meteorology and the terrain. This book describes recent advances in the development and application of models on all scales, and in the techniques for the estimation and verification of emissions. It includes reviews of recent work together with detailed results and provides a useful picture of the field in a European context.
Book Synopsis Tropospheric Modelling and Emission Estimation by : Adolf Ebel
Download or read book Tropospheric Modelling and Emission Estimation written by Adolf Ebel and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere by : Peter Borrell
Download or read book Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere written by Peter Borrell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major environmental concern is the increasing burden on all scales of photo-oxidants, acidifying substances and potential nutrients in the troposphere. These lead to episodes of summer smog, and appreciable damage to eco-systems both on land and at sea. Underlying the environmental effects is the complex scientific problem of linking the man-made and biological emissions to the myriad chemical reactions that transform the pollutants as they are transported to and deposited in the surroundings and also pristine areas remote from the sources. The project, the scientific results of which are described in this book, was set up to study the problem in an inter-disciplinary way by co-ordinating the work of more than 150 research groups in some 20 countries.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI by : Clemens Mensink
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI written by Clemens Mensink and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; emission modeling and processing; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; atmospheric aerosols. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 36th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Ottawa, Canada, May 14-18, 2018. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVII by : Clemens Mensink
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVII written by Clemens Mensink and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-13 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models. Current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; emission modeling and processing; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 37th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Hamburg, Germany, September 23-27, 2019.
Book Synopsis Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates by : D. Bruce Turner
Download or read book Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates written by D. Bruce Turner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely updated and revised Second Edition of the popular Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates provides an important foundation for understanding dispersion modeling as it is being practiced today. The book and accompanying diskette will help you determine the impacts of various sources of air pollution, including the effects of wind and turbulence, plume rise, and Gaussian dispersion and its limitations. Information is shown in summary graphs as well as in equations. The programs included on the diskette allow you to "get the feel" for the results you'll obtain through the input of various combinations of parameter values. The sensitivity of data to various parameters can be easily explored by changing one value and seeing the effect on the results. The book presents 37 example problems with solutions to show the estimation of atmospheric pollutant concentrations for many situations.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Tropospheric Delays Using ANFIS by : Wayan Suparta
Download or read book Modeling of Tropospheric Delays Using ANFIS written by Wayan Suparta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates tropospheric delays, one of the main error sources in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and its impact plays a crucial role in near real-time weather forecasting. Accessibility and accurate estimation of this parameter are essential for weather and climate research. Advances in GNNS application has allowed the measurements of Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) in all weather conditions and on a global scale with fine temporal and spatial resolution. However, GPS data are not always available for a full 24-hour period. Using a soft computing technique such as Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as a new alternative, the ZTD can be determined by using the surface meteorological data as inputs. The estimation and prediction of ZTD value are presented in this book.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXII by : Douw G. Steyn
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXII written by Douw G. Steyn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in air pollution modeling and its application are explored here in contributions by researchers at the forefront of their field. The book is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation; the relationship between air quality and human health and the interaction between climate change and air quality. The work will provide useful reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Book Synopsis Tropospheric Chemistry by : W. Seiler
Download or read book Tropospheric Chemistry written by W. Seiler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation, transport and impact of photo-oxidants, e.g., ozone, is a major environmental problem in densely populated areas with corresponding high emissions of ozone precursor substances such as NOx and volatile organic carbon compounds (VOC). Although major progress has been achieved within the last decade, there are still significant uncertainties in our understanding of the chemical behavior of the polluted atmosphere, in particular the interaction between cities and surrounding areas as well as the contribution of pollution to the global changes, e.g., the oxidation capacity of the troposphere. This book focuses on specific issues related to the chemistry of polluted atmospheres. The main issues cover areas such as modelling, emission inventories, chemical transformation as well as transport of pollutants on an urban/regional scale. The overall topic of the book is addressed in an interdisciplinary approach. The book is of specific interest for advanced researchers in tropospheric chemistry, from the PhD or post-doctoral levels and beyond.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXV by : Clemens Mensink
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXV written by Clemens Mensink and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current developments in air pollution modelling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modelling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modelling; long term modelling and trend analysis; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This Work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 35th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Chania (Crete), Greece, Oct 3-7, 2016. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modelling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modelling and Simulation by : Bruno Sportisse
Download or read book Air Pollution Modelling and Simulation written by Bruno Sportisse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collates the written contributions of the Second Conference on Air Pollution Modelling and Simulation (APMS 2001). A wide range of current topics is covered, focusing on three challenging issues: (1) the modelling issue of complex, multiphase, atmospheric chemistry; (2) the numerical issue associated with comprehensive three-dimensional chemistry-transport models; and (3) the key issues of data assimilation and inverse modelling. State-of-the art research is presented with many operational procedures applied at either forecast agencies or companies.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII by : Clemens Mensink
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII written by Clemens Mensink and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book states that current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; long-term modeling and trend analysis; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 38th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Barcelona, Spain, Oct 18–22, 2021. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIII by : Douw Steyn
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIII written by Douw Steyn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in air pollution modelling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modelling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modelling; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. The work derives from a series of papers presented at the 33rd International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application held in Miami, USA, August 27 - 31, 2013. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modelling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Book Synopsis Optimal Determination of Global Tropospheric OH Concentrations Using Multiple Trace Gases by : Jin Huang
Download or read book Optimal Determination of Global Tropospheric OH Concentrations Using Multiple Trace Gases written by Jin Huang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydroxyl radical (OH) plays a decisive role in tropospheric chemistry. Reactions with OH provide the dominant path of removal for a variety of greenhouse gases and trace species that contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer. Accurate determination of global tropospheric OH concentrations [OH] is therefore a very important issue. Previous research at the global scale has focused on scaling model-calculated OH concentration fields using a single so-called titrating species, either CH3CC13 or 14 CO, and the data usually come from one measurement network. Therefore, the estimation of [OH] relies heavily on the accuracy of the emission estimates and absolute calibration of the observed mixing ratios of that single species. The goal of this thesis is to reduce the dependence of estimating [OH) fields on a single species and thus to improve our knowledge of global OH concentrations and trends. To achieve this goal, we developed a multiple titrating gases scheme which combines all the possible available surface measurements of CH3CC13, CHF2C1 (HCFC-22), CH2FCF3 (HFC-134a), CH3CFC12 (HCFC-141b) and CH3CF 2C1 (HCFC- 142b) from both AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) and CMDL/NOAH (Nitrous Oxide And Halocompounds) networks. The optimal estimation of the global OH concentration and its trend is accomplished through a Kalman filtering procedure by minimizing the weighted difference between the predicted mixing ratios from atmospheric chemical-transport models and, for the first time, all the measurements of the various titrating gases simultaneously. A two dimensional land-ocean-resolving (LO) statisticaldynamical model and a 12-box model are used to predict the concentrations of the titrating gases. These two models are computationally efficient, and suitable for repetitive runs and long term integrations. The eddy-diffusive transports in the 12-box model and the 2D-LO model are tuned optimally by using the Kalman filtering and CFC-11 and CFC-12 data before the estimations of OH are carried out. Three different techniques (content method, trend method, and time-varying OH method) are used to perform the Kalman filtering. These three methods optimally fit different features of the measurements and have different sources of errors. Errors in the measurements, industrial emission estimates, and chemical-transport models are included in great detail for the OH estimation problem. The random measurement errors and mismatch errors are included in the noise matrix in the Kalman filter. For other random errors from the emission estimates and chemical-transport models, we use the Q-inclusion method which specifies the random model errors explicitly in the state error matrix Q inside the Kalman filtering. For systematic errors in the calibration, model, and emissions, we use the brute-force method which repeats the entire inverse method many times using different possible values of the measurement sensitivity matrix in the Kalman filtering. Using multiple gases, both CMDL and AGAGE data, two chemical-transport models, and selected content and trend results, our best estimate of the global mean tropospheric OH concentrations is 9.4+2.7/1.7 x 105 radicals cm-3, and our best estimate of the linear OH trend is -0.5±tL1.0% per year over the 1978-1998 time period. Methyl chloroform data give the heaviest weight to the overall estimations. This is because there are more CH3CC13 measurements than for any other titrating gases, and the industrial emission estimates of this gas are the most accurate. The derived OH estimations agree statistically with previous studies taking into account the fact that the negative OH trend derived here relies heavily on the 1993-1998 CH3CCl3 data. For example, a global mean OH concentration of (9.7 ± 0.6) x 105 radicals cm- 3 and an OH trend of 0.0 ± 0.2% per year over the 1978-1993 are reported in Prinn et al. (1995). As far as the major sources of error in the OH estimations are concerned, we find that, using individual gases separately, the uncertainties in absolute calibrations, rate constants, and industrial emissions estimates are important sources of error for all five titrating gases. The measurement errors and the initial a priori guesses in the Kalman filter are also important sources of error for the three newer titrating gases (HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, and HFC-134a) because of their very low mole fractions as well as the short measurement records for these gases. Combining multiple OH titrating gases together, we find that errors in industrial emissions contribute the most to the uncertainty in the OH estimation problem. We also find that incorporating random model errors (other than mismatch errors) using the Q-inclusion method generates satisfactory agreement for best guess estimates with the approach in which Q = 0 in the Kalman filter. However the Q-inclusion method provides an estimate of the effect of random model error. Newer titrating gases generally yield OH estimates comparable to those from CH3CCl3 but with larger uncertainties. One of the exceptions is using HCFC-142b data with the content method, which yields a physically impossible negative OH concentration because of the underestimates of emissions for this gas. However, the trend method using HCFC-142b data still delivers reasonable OH estimations, because the trend method is not sensitive to systematic errors. The measurements of the newer OH titrating gases can be used effectively with appropriate techniques to ultimately replace the use of CH3CC13 (which is disappearing from the atmosphere), provided estimates of their emissions are improved. This is particularly true for HCFC-142b. In addition to the OH estimations, a time-varying adaptive-Kalman filter is also utilized in this thesis to deduce monthly emissions of HCFC-141b and HCFC-142b. We find that the current industrial estimates of HCFC-142b need to be at least doubled, and the emissions of HCFC-141b need to be increased by 20 to 30% to achieve the best agreement with observations.
Book Synopsis Sounding the Troposphere from Space by : Peter Borrell
Download or read book Sounding the Troposphere from Space written by Peter Borrell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now possible to determine concentrations of trace constituents and pollutants in the lower atmosphere from space, a development which heralds a new era for tropospheric chemistry. The authors describe how to develop and validate methods for determining tropospheric trace constituents from satellite data, to encourage the use of these data by atmospheric chemists, and to explore the undoubted synergism which will develop between satellite and ground-based measurements, and will eventually give rise to a permanent observation system for the troposphere. The book comprises several comprehensive overviews, prepared by acknowledged experts in the field, together with a series of individual reports from investigators whose work represents the cutting edge of the subject. A variety of results, giving global distributions of several species and their modelling are reported. Most results stem from ESA satellite data, but there is also an account of the North American work in this field which has mainly concentrated on global distributions of ozone. It is fair to say that the field, as it develops, will revolutionize the way in which atmospheric chemistry is done. This timely book provides a good introduction for anyone with an interest in the future of the troposphere.
Book Synopsis Constraining Global Biogenic Emissions and Exploring Source Contributions to Tropospheric Ozone by : Changsub Shim
Download or read book Constraining Global Biogenic Emissions and Exploring Source Contributions to Tropospheric Ozone written by Changsub Shim and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogenic isoprene plays an important role in tropospheric chemistry. We use HCHO column measurements by the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) to constrain isoprene emissions. Using the global Goddrad Earth Observing System--Chemistry (GEOS-Chem) as the forward model, a Bayesian inversion of GOME HCHO observations from September 1996 to August 1997 is conducted. Column contributions to HCHO from 12 sources including 10 terrestrial ecosystem groups, biomass burning, and industry are considered and inverted for 8 geographical regions globally. The a posteriori solution reduces the model biases for all regions, and estimates the annual global isoprene emissions of 566 Tg C yr-1, ~50% larger than the a priori estimate. Compared to the Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA) inventory (~500 Tg C yr-1), the a posteriori isoprene emissions are generally higher at mid latitudes and lower in the tropics. This increase of global isoprene emissions significantly affects tropospheric chemistry, decreasing the global mean OH concentration by 10.8% to 0.95x1066 molecules/cm3. The atmospheric lifetime of CH3CCl3 increases from 5.2 to 5.7 years. Positive matrix factorization (PMF), an advanced method for source apportionment, is applied to TRAnsport of Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) measurements and it is found that cyanogenesis in plants over Asia is likely an important emission process for CH3COCH3 and HCN. This approach also is applied to estimate source contributions to the tropospheric ozone (O3) with Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) and TRACE-P measurements. The corresponding GEOS-Chem simulations are applied to the same factor-projected space in order to evaluate the model simulations. Intercontinental transport of pollutants is most responsible for increasing trend of springtime O3, while stratospheric influence is the largest contributions to troposperic O3 variability at northern middle and high latitudes. On the other hand, the overall tropospheric contributions to O3 variability are more important at northern low latitudes by long-range transport, biomass burning, and industry/urban emissions. In general, the simulated O3 variabilities are comparable with those of observations. However, the model underestimates the trends of and the contributions to O3 variability by long-range transport of O3 and its precursors at northern middle and high latitudes.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIV by : Douw G. Steyn
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIV written by Douw G. Steyn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current developments in air pollution modelling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modelling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modelling; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. The work is comprised of selected papers presented at the 34th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application held in Montpellier, France in 2015. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modelling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
