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Author : Zuojun Yu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Tropical Instability Waves in the Pacific Ocean written by Zuojun Yu and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Simona Masina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Tropical Instability Waves in the Pacific Ocean written by Simona Masina and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yukiko Imada
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)
Download or read book ˜Aœ numerical modeling study on the climatic impact of tropical instability waves in the Pacific Ocean written by Yukiko Imada and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ryan Mahony Holmes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (944 download)
Download or read book Tropical Instability Waves and Mixing in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean written by Ryan Mahony Holmes and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique dynamics of the equatorial oceans play an important role in the El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the ocean's meridional overturning circulation (MOC), both of which are critical processes that drive global climate variability on a range of time-scales. This dissertation makes a number of contributions to our understanding of equatorial ocean dynamics, lateral and vertical mixing at the equator, the behavior of equatorial waves and deep equatorial mixing, with implications for both ENSO and the MOC. The main contributions are: 1) Tropical instability waves (TIWs), the main drivers of lateral eddy mixing in the eastern equatorial Pacific, share a number of dynamical features with submesoscale flows in the mid-latitudes. In particular, their formation depends on the detailed frontal dynamics and sharp vertical gradients around their fringes, with implications for TIW energetics and the accurate representation of TIWs in low-resolution ocean models. 2) TIWs drive modulations in vertical mixing by altering the vertical shear of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) through horizontal vortex stretching. This modulation can drive net sea surface cooling over the eastern Pacific cold tongue that may partially offset the warming driven by TIW lateral mixing. The magnitude of the net cooling depends on the mixing scheme used to parameterize vertical mixing, with implications for the role of TIWs in the mixed-layer heat budget in different ocean models. 3) Downwelling (upwelling) equatorial Kelvin waves can drive large decreases (increases) in the amplitude of the TIW field in the eastern equatorial Pacific and thus TIW-driven lateral and vertical mixing. The Kelvin waves alter the strength and structure of the background flow from which the TIWs gain energy, resulting in complex changes to the TIW energy budget. One major sink of TIW energy, the downward radiation of waves, is strongly altered with implications for deep and abyssal equatorial ocean circulation. 4) Mixing in the abyssal equatorial Pacific can exhibit a seafloor-intensified vertical structure even over smooth topography. The generation and breaking of lee waves over smooth topography at low latitudes is one possible mechanism that could contribute to this mixing. However, downward-propagating equatorial waves generated at the surface by TIWs or wind events could also supply energy for seafloor-intensified mixing through two possible mechanisms, wave trapping due to the horizontal component of Earth's rotation and inertial instability initiated by wave-driven displacement of fluid away from the equator. These results suggest that more attention should be devoted to measuring and understanding mixing over smooth topography in the abyssal equatorial oceans because of its potential role in the global overturning circulation.
Author : Yukiko Imada
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book A Numerical Modelling Study on the Climatic Impact of Tropical Instability Waves in the Pacific Ocean written by Yukiko Imada and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Todd William Sitler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book An Observational Study of Long Waves in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean During the 1991-1993 El Niño written by Todd William Sitler and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1991-1993 El Nino event were examined using temperature, current, and wind time series from the Tropical Oceans-Global Atmosphere Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TOGA-TAO) moored buoy array. Numerous episodes of long wave activity were detected. The most prominent episodes were associated with eastward propagating equatorial Kelvin waves and with westward propagating tropical instability waves and mixed Rossby-gravity waves. Equatorial Kelvin waves, which were generated by westerly wind events in the western and central Pacific, were evident in the data between 2 deg N to 5 deg S and from 170 deg W to 110 deg W. These Kelvin waves, which were most pronounced from 75 to 300 m, had periods of 40 to 70 days, eastward phase speeds of 1.9 to 6.5 m/s, and zonal wavelengths on the order of 10,000 km. These waves were most evident in the northern hemisphere fall and winter. The period of greatest Kelvin wave activity was August 1991 -May 1992, during the peak phase of the 1991-1993 El Nino event.
Author : S. George Philander
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080570984
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book El Nino, La Nina, and the Southern Oscillation written by S. George Philander and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1989-12-14 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El Nino and the Southern Oscillation is by far the most striking phenomenon caused by the interplay of ocean and atmosphere. It can be explained neither in strictly oceanographic nor strictly meteorological terms. This volume provides a brief history of the subject, summarizes the oceanographic and meteorological observations and theories, and discusses the recent advances in computer modeling studies of the phenomenon. Includes a comprehensive and up-to-date research survey Discusses in detail sophisticated computer models Provides a clear exposition of the major problems which prevent more accurate predictions of El Nino
Author : Qiaoyan Wu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (61 download)
Download or read book Observational and Numerical Study of Atlantic Tropical Instability Waves written by Qiaoyan Wu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study uses high resolution satellite measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) and Special Sensor Mi℗Ơcrowave Imager (SSM/I) to investigate the variability of sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind velocity, water vapor, cloud liquid water and precipitation associated with westward moving tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the Atlantic Ocean from 1998 to 2005. On interannual scales, TIWs in the Pacific Ocean are strongest during the cold phase of El Nin̈o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), when the cold tongue is most pronounced. The waves are weak during the warm phase of ENSO. A low-frequency Atlantic air-sea coupled mode influences the TIW activity in the Atlantic Ocean as ENSO does in the Pacific Ocean. The characteristics of TIWs are largely associated with the background oceanographic states. Coherent ocean-atmosphere patterns are shown in the Atlantic Ocean during eight years. Southeasterly trades strengthen and water vapor increases over warm SST anomalies associated with TIWs. The opposite is true over cold TIW SST anomalies. The cloud liquid water and rain response to the SST follows a very similar pattern, appearing to be roughly in phase with wind convergence and divergence in the central tropical Atlantic. The atmospheric response to the TIW SST anomalies extends north of the TIW active region, suggesting a remote response to the TIWs. The atmospheric response to the Atlantic TIWs shows interannual variability. In 1999, the rainfall response to the TIW SST anomalies is much larger than in other years, which is due to the southward movement of Atlantic ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone). When the Atlantic ITCZ moves south, it is more susceptible to TIW influence. One regional climate model and one global climate model are applied to study the mechanism of atmospheric response to the Atlantic TIWs with daily TMI satellite SST forcing. Both models successfully simulated the wind velocity, wind convergence and precipitation as observed. While the satellite observations support the vertical mixing mechanism for the surface wind response to TIWs, both models show the pressure gradient mechanism is dominant in the Atlantic.
Author : Howard Franklin Seidel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Impact of Realistic Mean Flow on Equatorial Waves in the Pacific Ocean written by Howard Franklin Seidel and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Matthew W. Hecht
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118671996
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)
Download or read book Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime written by Matthew W. Hecht and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 177. This monograph is the first to survey progress in realistic simulation in a strongly eddying regime made possible by recent increases in computational capability. Its contributors comprise the leading researchers in this important and constantly evolving field. Divided into three parts Oceanographic Processes and Regimes: Fundamental Questions Ocean Dynamics and State: From Regional to Global Scale, and Modeling at the Mesoscale: State of the Art and Future Directions The volume details important advances in physical oceanography based on eddy resolving ocean modeling. It captures the state of the art and discusses issues that ocean modelers must consider in order to effectively contribute to advancing current knowledge, from subtleties of the underlying fluid dynamical equations to meaningful comparison with oceanographic observations and leading-edge model development. It summarizes many of the important results which have emerged from ocean modeling in an eddying regime, for those interested broadly in the physical science. More technical topics are intended to address the concerns of those actively working in the field.
Author : Kathleen A. Donohue
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Wave Propagation in the Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean written by Kathleen A. Donohue and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Charles A. Weddle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (64 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Westerly Wind Bursts on a Tropical Ocean General Circulation Model written by Charles A. Weddle and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A primitive equation general circulation model with imbedded mixed layer physics has been used to investigate the response of the equatorial Pacific ocean to daily varying winds and westerly wind bursts. The major issue addressed by this study is the impact of daily varying winds, including westerly wind bursts, in the modeling of the tropical Pacific ocean and El Nino. In the developmental phase, the sensitivity of the model to the integration time step and the domain size were investigated. The results of this work were used to determine the optimal time step and model domain size for the main experimental model runs. In the experimental phase, the model was spun-up using time averaged wind stresses. The model ocean was then exposed to two years of realistic daily varying wind stresses covering the period of 1991 and 1992. The model developed an El Nino like response that corresponded in several respects with observed features of the 1991-92 El Nino. The model also developed tropical instability waves in the eastern Pacific similar to those observed in situ and in satellite SST images. The model's responses to the tropical cyclones that occurred during 1991-92 were also consistent in several ways with observations.
Author : William Wiley Evans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (712 download)
Download or read book Impact of Tropical Instability Waves on Nutrient and Chlorophyll Distributions in the Equatorial Pacific written by William Wiley Evans and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical instability waves (TIWs) are prominent seasonal features in both the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This work quantifies their role in modulating the distributions of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. Using an eight year record of biannual ship observations along the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy array, cruise sections crossing TIWs were identified. Both a case study approach of individual TIWs and a first attempt at calculating their average effect on mixed layer properties were performed. Examination of individual TIWs demonstrates that their effect on nutrient and chlorophyll distributions is a function of the TIW intensity. Both strong and weak TIWs drive elevated nutrient concentrations directly on the equator, but strong TIWs possess enhanced recirculation which advects nutrient- and chlorophyll-poor waters from adjacent to the upwelling zone equatorward. This decreases nutrient concentrations from approximately 2°N to 8°N. Weak TIWs retain elevated nutrient concentrations in this latitudinal band due to less recirculation in TIW vortices, permitting chlorophyll increases. These differences between strong and weak TIWs were only observed north of the equator. Less recirculation was observed in TIW vortices south of the equator. This resulted in nutrient enhancements from TIWs along the southern portions of the cruise sections, especially in the eastern Pacific. The differences between northern and southern TIW dynamics suggest strong differences in TIW modulated carbon cycling between the two hemispheres. Seasonal modification of the equatorial currents also influences the extent to which TIWs alter nutrient and chlorophyll distributions. TIWs observed during boreal winter demonstrated enhanced nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations north of the equator. This resulted from the water mass north of the upwelling zone containing elevated nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations due to a shallow thermocline. Thermocline shoaling in boreal winter is the result of a slowing in the South Equatorial Current and North Equatorial Countercurrent caused by the seasonal decrease in westward trade wind velocities. These results suggest that there is a synergistic effect from TIWs and the seasonal shoaling of the thermocline which may be important for carbon cycling north of the equator. Composites of average mixed layer nutrient concentrations show TIW-induced nutrient enhancement on and south of the equator along most of the TAO lines, but no subsequent increase in mixed layer chlorophyll. This is likely due to the lag time between nutrient enhancement and biomass increase and/or chlorophyll increases in unsampled portions of the vortex. Regions of elevated chlorophyll concentrations were observed in SeaWiFS composites in unsampled portions of TIWs, which suggests that TIW induced lateral transport of nutrients may be driving important episodic export events south of the equator.
Author : John M. Lyman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (549 download)
Download or read book The Cross-equatorial Structure of Tropical Instability Waves in Sea Surface Height written by John M. Lyman and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A linearized model with two vertical modes has been developed to understand observed characteristics of monthly variability in the Equatorial Pacific from TOPEX/POSEIDON measurements of Sea Surface Height (SSH). The 2-mode model is obtained from an equatorial beta plane model that has been linearized about a geostrophically balanced mean flow with the state variables projected onto the first 2 baroclinic vertical eigenfunctions. Because in situ measurements of currents in the equatorial Pacific are not available with adequate spatial and temporal resolution, the mean current structure used in the 2-mode model was obtained from the Parallel Ocean Climate Model (P0CM). P0CM was chosen because the monthly variability in the model SSH fields closely resembles that of TOPEX/POSEIDON in dispersion characteristics and cross-equatorial structure. The sensitivity of the 2-mode projection model to the mean equatorial currents is examined by individually increasing and decreasing the various components of the equatorial current system. The eigcnvectors and eigenvalues from this range of current structures are able to reproduce many of the characteristics (phase, amplitude, period, wavenumber arid meridional structure) observed in TOPEX/POSEIDON and P0CM. The most surprising result is that the latitudinal structure of the eigenvector amplitudes south of the equator depends only on the strength of the northern equatorial current system.
Author : Michael J. McPhaden
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119548128
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)
Download or read book El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate written by Michael J. McPhaden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Author : Boris Galperin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107043883
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Zonal Jets written by Boris Galperin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a comprehensive, multidisciplinary volume on the physics of zonal jets, from the leading experts, for graduate students and researchers.
Author : Michael Meredith
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128215135
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
