Treatment Of Perchlorate In Groundwater By Ion Exchange Technology

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Treatment of Perchlorate in Groundwater by Ion Exchange Technology

Author : Dennis A. Clifford
Publisher : American Water Works Association
ISBN 13 : 9781583212677
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment of Perchlorate in Groundwater by Ion Exchange Technology by : Dennis A. Clifford

Download or read book Treatment of Perchlorate in Groundwater by Ion Exchange Technology written by Dennis A. Clifford and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project was to provide information, based on laboratory experiments and bench-scale testing and verification, to suggest perchlorate ion exchange treatment options suitable for pilot-scale testing. The large experimentally determined range of perchlorate selectivity exhibited by commercially available ion exchange resins suggested three treatment options: (1) conventional exhaustion regeneration with polyacrylic resins; (2) partial exhaustion followed by elevated-temperature regeneration and destruction of perchlorate and nitrate prior to brine reuse with polystyrene type I resins; and (3) complete exhaustion and replacement of the ion exchange resin for highly perchlorate-selective resins. Biological reduction of both perchlorate and nitrate in the spent brine was demonstrated as a possible pretreatment step prior to brine reuse. The goals of this work were met, and the options are now being implemented in phase II pilot-scale testing.

Treatability of Perchlorate in Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology - Phase II

Author : L. Aldridge
Publisher : IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Treatability of Perchlorate in Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology - Phase II by : L. Aldridge

Download or read book Treatability of Perchlorate in Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology - Phase II written by L. Aldridge and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 2005-04-30 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1997, several perchlorate treatment technologies have proven to be technically feasible at drinking-water treatment scale: biological reduction, ion exchange, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and granular activated carbon (GAC). The objectives of this project were to demonstrate the long-term performance of conventional ion-exchange technology for perchlorate removal and evaluate three disparate alternatives (chemical, biological, electrolytic) for brine treatment and reuse. This project evaluated three fundamentally different brine treatment and reuse processes. The first process, the biological brine treatment system, operated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Spent 3 percent (0.5 N NaCl) brine was introduced to the nitrate and perchlorate degrading culture in the reactor and acetic acid was supplied to this culture as an electron donor for the reduction process. Once the nitrate and perchlorate were biodegraded, the mixture was settled, filtered, and amended with chloride before its reuse as regenerant solution. The second process, the physical/chemical brine treatment system, employed a high-pressure and high-temperature catalytic process to reduce the nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. After the process, the treated brine was ready for reuse without subsequent treatment. The system used a stoichiometric dose of a chemical reductant (ammonia) based on the measured concentrations of nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. The last process, a simple bipolar electrochemical cell, electrolytically reduced the perchlorate and/or nitrate present in the spent ion exchange brine. Once reduced, the brine could be immediately reused. This process did not require the addition of an electron donor as with the biological process, or a reductant as with the physical/chemical treatment process.

Perchlorate in the Environment

Author : Edward Todd Urbansky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461543037
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Perchlorate in the Environment by : Edward Todd Urbansky

Download or read book Perchlorate in the Environment written by Edward Todd Urbansky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Division of the American Chemical Society, Perchlorate in the Environment is the first comprehensive book to address perchlorate as a potable water contaminant. The two main topics are: analytical chemistry (focusing on ion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and treatment or remediation. Also included are topics such as ion exchange, phytoremediation, bacterial reduction of perchlorate, bioreactors, and in situ bioremediation. To provide complete coverage, background chapters on fundamental chemistry, toxicology, and reulatory issues are also included. The authors are environmental consultants, government researchers, industry experts, and university professors from a wide array of disciplines.

Treatment of Perchlorate Using Single-Use Ion-Exchange Resins

Author : L. Aldridge
Publisher : International Water Assn
ISBN 13 : 9781843399315
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment of Perchlorate Using Single-Use Ion-Exchange Resins by : L. Aldridge

Download or read book Treatment of Perchlorate Using Single-Use Ion-Exchange Resins written by L. Aldridge and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this project was to update the exis

Perchlorate

Author : Baohua Gu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387311130
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Perchlorate by : Baohua Gu

Download or read book Perchlorate written by Baohua Gu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-02 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed description of perchlorate chemistry and recent advances in innovative remediation technologies for perchlorate contamination and their pros and cons Additionally, the first book to describe the natural occurrence of perchlorate and its unique isotopic signatures for environmental forensics and its detection in the environment, particularly the real-time analysis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Perchlorate

Author : Kathleen Sellers
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482275120
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Perchlorate by : Kathleen Sellers

Download or read book Perchlorate written by Kathleen Sellers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of analytical methods for identifying widespread perchlorate contamination brought about an explosion of research into the environmental problems and their potential solutions along with a corresponding increase in the availability of information. Unlike reference works that focus on only a few aspects of this contaminant, Perchlora

Treatment of Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater Using Highly-Selective, Regenerable Anion-Exchange Resins at Edwards Air Force Base

Download Treatment of Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater Using Highly-Selective, Regenerable Anion-Exchange Resins at Edwards Air Force Base PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment of Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater Using Highly-Selective, Regenerable Anion-Exchange Resins at Edwards Air Force Base by :

Download or read book Treatment of Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater Using Highly-Selective, Regenerable Anion-Exchange Resins at Edwards Air Force Base written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective ion exchange is one of the most effective treatment technologies for removing low levels of perchlorate (ClO[sub 4][sup -]) from contaminated water because of its high efficiency without adverse impacts on the water quality caused by adding or removing any chemicals or nutrients. This report summarizes both the laboratory and a field pilot-scale studies to determine the ability and efficiency of the bifunctional synthetic resins to remove ClO[sub 4][sup -] from the contaminated groundwater at the Edwards Air Force Base in California. Regeneration of the resins after groundwater treatment was also evaluated using the FeCl[sub 3]-HCl regeneration technique recently developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. On the basis of this study, the bifunctional resin, D-3696 was found to be highly selective toward ClO[sub 4][sup -] and performed much better than one of the best commercial nitrate-selective resins (Purolite A-520E) and more than an order of magnitude better than the Purolite A-500 resin (with a relatively low selectivity). At an influent concentration of[approx] 450[micro]g/L ClO[sub 4][sup -] in groundwater, the bifunctional resin bed treated[approx] 40,000 empty bed volumes of groundwater before a significant breakthrough of ClO[sub 4][sup -] occurred. The presence of relatively high concentrations of chloride and sulfate in site groundwater did not appear to affect the ability of the bifunctional resin to remove ClO[sub 4][sup -]. However, the presence of high iron or iron oxyhydroxides and/or biomass in groundwater caused a significant fouling of the resin beds and greatly influenced the effectiveness in regenerating the resins sorbed with ClO[sub 4][sup -]. Under such circumstances, a prefilter ([approx] 0.5-1[micro]m) was found to be necessary to remove these particulates and to reduce the risk of fouling of the resin beds. Without significant fouling, the resin bed could be effectively regenerated by the FeCl[sub 3] displacement technique. Nearly 100% of the sorbed ClO[sub 4][sup -] was displaced or recovered after elution with only[approx] 2-5 bed volumes of the FeCl[sub 3]-HCl regenerant solution. On the basis of both the laboratory and field pilot-scale studies, they therefore anticipate that a combination of the selective ion exchange and the FeCl[sub 3]-regeneration technologies may offer a cost-effective means to remove ClO[sub 4][sup -] from contaminated groundwater with significantly reduced waste generation and operational cost.

Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal from Groundwater by Ion Exchange

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal from Groundwater by Ion Exchange by :

Download or read book Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal from Groundwater by Ion Exchange written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a small scale ion exchange unit (Krudico, Inc of Auborn, IA) for removal of nitrate and perchlorate from groundwater at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Site 300. The unit was able to treat 3,600 gallons of Site 300 groundwater, at an average influent concentration of 100 mg/L NO3− before breakthrough occurred. The unit contained 2.5 ft3 of Sybron SR-7 resin. Seventy gallons of regeneration waste were generated (water treated to waste ratio of 51:1). The effluent concentration was about 20 mg/L NO3−, which is equivalent to a treatment efficiency of at least 80%. There are several options for implementing this technology at Site 300. A target well, in the 817 area, has been selected. It has a 3 to 4 gpm flow rate, and concentrations of 90 mg/L NO3− and 40 [mu]g/L perchlorate. The different treatment options include ion exchange treatment of nitrate only, nitrate and perchlorate, or perchlorate only. Option 1: For the treatment of nitrate only, this unit will be able to treat 3,700 gallons of water before regeneration is required. If both columns of the ion exchange unit are used, 7,400 gallons could be treated before the columns will need to be regenerated (producing 140 gallons of waste, per cycle or every 1.5 days). The effluent nitrate concentration is expected to be about 17 mg/L. Annual operation and maintenance costs are estimated to be $0.14 per gallon of water treated. Option 2: If only perchlorate is to be removed with ion exchange at the 817 area, a smaller unit should be considered. A 55 gallon canister filled with ion exchange resin should be able to reduce perchlorate concentrations in the groundwater from 40 [mu]g/L to non-detect levels for three years before the resin would need to be replaced. The contaminant-laden resin would be disposed of as hazardous waste. It is not practical to regenerate the resin because of the extreme difficulty of removing perchlorate from the resin. Due to the selectivity of the ion exchange resin, it will also be possible to selectively remove perchlorate from nitrate-contaminated water. Annual operation and maintenance costs are estimated to be $0.02 per gallon of water treated. Option 3: Another alternative is to treat both perchlorate and nitrate. A three column unit would be built. The first column would capture perchlorate and the resin would be replaced rather than regenerated. The second and third column would be operated as under Option 1 to treat nitrate. Annual operation and maintenance costs are estimated to be $0.14 per gallon of water treated.

Treatment of Perchlorate Using Single-use Ion Exchange Resins

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment of Perchlorate Using Single-use Ion Exchange Resins by :

Download or read book Treatment of Perchlorate Using Single-use Ion Exchange Resins written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ion Exchange Technology II

Author : Dr. Inamuddin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400740263
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Ion Exchange Technology II by : Dr. Inamuddin

Download or read book Ion Exchange Technology II written by Dr. Inamuddin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion-exchange Technology II: Applications presents an overview of the numerous industrial applications of ion-exchange materials. In particular, this volume focuses on the use of ion-exchange materials in various fields including chemical and biochemical separations, water purification, biomedical science, toxic metal recovery and concentration, waste water treatment, catalysis, alcohol beverage, sugar and milk technologies, pharmaceuticals industry and metallurgical industries. This title is a highly valuable source not only to postgraduate students and researchers but also to industrial R&D specialists in chemistry, chemical, and biochemical technology as well as to engineers and industrialists.

In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate in Groundwater

Author : Hans F. Stroo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387849211
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate in Groundwater by : Hans F. Stroo

Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate in Groundwater written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid 1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action”, our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing technologies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.

Ion Exchange

Author : C E Harland
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1847551181
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis Ion Exchange by : C E Harland

Download or read book Ion Exchange written by C E Harland and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Exchange, 2nd Edition is a totally revised and updated version of the highly popular Monograph for Teachers, first published by The Royal Society of Chemistry in 1975. It covers the practical application of ion exchange and the synthesis of organic ion exchange resins, which have spanned nearly 60 years of development since the pioneering work of Adams and Holmes in 1935. This book covers the theory, development, and application in considerable detail and describes the history of development of ion exchange materials and the advances in their utilization in industrial processes. Key applications in such areas as water purification, hydrometallurgy, and chromatography are described and supported by chapters on the related scientific fundamentals governing equilibria and kinetics of ion exchange. Twenty-two experiments using inexpensive equipment are detailed, which not only complement a chapter dedicated to the characterization of organic exchangers, but also serve to illustrate several other pure and applied principles related to ion exchange phenomena. It is anticipated that the unique inclusion of experiments and the broad coverage of the whole text should appeal to a wide readership and offer particular relevance to practitioners in schools, colleges, and industry.

Perchlorate

Author : Brian Scott Aikin
Publisher : Lawyers & Judges Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1930056842
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Perchlorate by : Brian Scott Aikin

Download or read book Perchlorate written by Brian Scott Aikin and published by Lawyers & Judges Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perchlorate, a naturally occurring and synthesized chemical, is generating intense publicity, scientific debate, regulatory scrutiny, and litigation across the United States. The substance has been widely used for over sixty years in the production of rocket fuel, flares, fireworks, electronics, and munitions, but did not emerge as a significant environmental issue until the mid-1990s, when improved analytical testing methods permitted its detection in groundwater at 4 parts per billion. As of 2005, perchlorate has been detected in forty-nine of the fifty states, and is the focus of mounting regulatory enforcement actions and widespread civil litigation. Perchlorate: A Scientific, Legal, and Economic Assessment is designed to educate and inform business, environmental, legal, and academic audiences about the history and development of the perchlorate controversy. It is also intended to provide practical advice and guidance to those involved in perchlorate litigation, remediation, and regulation. The book identifies and discusses existing and anticipated liability theories and damage claims asserted in perchlorate litigation. The authors explain the theories of environmental liability, identify the tort claims most commonly asserted in environmental litigation, and provide an overview of environmental class actions. The book includes chapters covering key practical issues raised in perchlorate litigation, such as estimating monetary damages, the retention and use of experts, and obtaining insurance coverage for liabilities. These important topics will assist legal and other professionals involved in current perchlorate litigation and provide a broad base of knowledge to apply in future environmental contamination litigation.

Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction

Author : Arup K. SenGupta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439855404
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction by : Arup K. SenGupta

Download or read book Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction written by Arup K. SenGupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past four decades, notable advancements in the theory and application of ion exchange science uncovered a wealth of knowledge that fueled new scientific pursuits and created synergies with myriad scientific endeavors. Today, pioneers continue to break new ground by synthesizing novel materials and merging the interdisciplinary fields of sc

Ion Exchange Treatment for Water

Author : Anthony M. Wachinski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ion Exchange Treatment for Water by : Anthony M. Wachinski

Download or read book Ion Exchange Treatment for Water written by Anthony M. Wachinski and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides scientific theory, technical data, system design, operating parameters and processes, and costs for ion exchange in water treatment, as well as discussions of the changing roles of ion exchange water treatment in the coming years. An excellent reference for water treatment professionals, and a fine teaching text, as well. Coverage includes fundamentals of chemistry, ion exchangers, softening and demineralization techniques, and removal of nitrates, arsenic and radioactivity.

Perchlorate Removal, Destruction and Field Monitoring Demonstration

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Perchlorate Removal, Destruction and Field Monitoring Demonstration by :

Download or read book Perchlorate Removal, Destruction and Field Monitoring Demonstration written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this demonstration were to evaluate and demonstrate a complete perchlorate ion exchange process for groundwater that included a unique, regenerable, perchlorate-selective ion exchange resin; an efficient regeneration technique that greatly minimized waste volume; methods for treating regeneration waste from this process that would reduce cost by enabling discharge or reuse; and to demonstrate a new perchlorate field monitor with ppb detection. In order to validate the performance and economics of the proposed processes compared to current perchlorate treatment processes, the following objectives were proposed: 1. Demonstrate perchlorate removal in groundwater from>50 ppb to

Treatability of Perchlorate-Containing Water by RO, NF and UF Membranes

Author : Gary Amy
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843398621
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatability of Perchlorate-Containing Water by RO, NF and UF Membranes by : Gary Amy

Download or read book Treatability of Perchlorate-Containing Water by RO, NF and UF Membranes written by Gary Amy and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The California Department of Health Services has established a provisional action level of 4 ug/L for perchlorate in drinking water due to its toxicity. There are 14 states in the United States that have thus far confirmed perchlorate in ground or surface waters. Ongoing research is investigating other treatment technologies for perchlorate rejection, including biological degradation, ion exchange, and activated carbon. The major objectives of this project were to: determine the removal/rejection of perchlorate (ClO4-) ion by high pressure membranes, including reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and tight ultrafiltration (UF); evaluate the effects of water quality parameters, pH, ionic strength (conductivity), and co-ions and counter-ions, on process performance; and study membrane operating conditions (e.g., recovery) on perchlorate rejection and potential scaling. Water quality is a determining factor in applying high pressure membranes to perchlorate rejection. Effective rejection of perchlorate by RO, NF, and tight UF has been demonstrated according to two rejection mechanisms: steric (size) versus electrostatic (charge) exclusion. Based on its size (hydrodynamic radius), perchlorate is selectively rejected over chloride through size exclusion; however, based on charge exclusion, sulfate is selectively rejected over perchlorate. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online