Translational Toxicology

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Author :
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 331927449X
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Translational Toxicology by : Claude L. Hughes

Download or read book Translational Toxicology written by Claude L. Hughes and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-03-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together a distinguished interdisciplinary team of contributors, this volume provides a comprehensive exploration of translational toxicology—a systematic approach to developing therapeutic interventions that can protect against, mitigate, or reverse the effects of exposures. In particular, the book addresses modes of action and biomarkers, developmental risks of exposures, and potential translational toxicology therapeutics. The result is a compelling application of developmental toxicology in a new therapeutic discipline that is destined to become part of standard medical practice. Translational Toxicology: Defining a New Therapeutic Discipline is an essential text for regulatory authorities, scientists, and physicians who are concerned with environmental exposures, public health, nutrition, and pharmaceutical research and development. Basic science, epidemiological, and clinical investigators will also find this book a significant resource.

Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119023602
Total Pages : 790 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics by : Michael D. Waters

Download or read book Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics written by Michael D. Waters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-04 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading research scientists, this book integrates current knowledge of toxicology and human health through coverage of environmental toxicants, genetic / epigenetic mechanisms, and carcinogenicity. Provides information on lifestyle choices that can reduce cancer risk Offers a systematic approach to identify mutagenic, developmental and reproductive toxicants Helps readers develop new animal models and tests to assess toxic impacts of mutation and cancer on human health Explains specific cellular and molecular targets of known toxicants operating through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms

Drug Discovery Toxicology

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119053390
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Discovery Toxicology by : Yvonne Will

Download or read book Drug Discovery Toxicology written by Yvonne Will and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a guide for pharmaceutical professionals to the issues and practices of drug discovery toxicology, this book integrates and reviews the strategy and application of tools and methods at each step of the drug discovery process. • Guides researchers as to what drug safety experiments are both practical and useful • Covers a variety of key topics – safety lead optimization, in vitro-in vivo translation, organ toxicology, ADME, animal models, biomarkers, and –omics tools • Describes what experiments are possible and useful and offers a view into the future, indicating key areas to watch for new predictive methods • Features contributions from firsthand industry experience, giving readers insight into the strategy and execution of predictive toxicology practices

The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Future: Virology, Epidemiology, Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics, Volume 2

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Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839166789
Total Pages : 695 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Future: Virology, Epidemiology, Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics, Volume 2 by : Claude L. Hughes

Download or read book The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Future: Virology, Epidemiology, Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics, Volume 2 written by Claude L. Hughes and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-04-27 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume chronicles the later stages of the outbreak of SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) and delineates the role of several disciplines in therapeutic and control measures highliting the response from specific coutries of note and efforts to repurpose and produce new therapeutics and vaccines. By addressing considerations of efficacy and safety of drugs and chemicals used to combat COVID-19, virtually in real-time, this book documents and highlights the advances in science and place the toxicology, pharmaceutical science, public health and medical community in a better position to advise in future epidemics.

The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Future: Virology, Epidemiology, Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics, Volume 1

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Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839163062
Total Pages : 595 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Future: Virology, Epidemiology, Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics, Volume 1 by : Michael D. Waters

Download or read book The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Future: Virology, Epidemiology, Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics, Volume 1 written by Michael D. Waters and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-04-27 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By addressing considerations of efficacy and safety of drugs and chemicals used to combat COVID-19, virtually in real-time, this book documents and highlights the advances in science and place the toxicology, pharmaceutical science, public health and medical community in a better position to advise in future epidemics.

Toxicology and Human Environments

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124158137
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicology and Human Environments by : Ernest Hodgson

Download or read book Toxicology and Human Environments written by Ernest Hodgson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-09-28 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental toxicology is generally held to be the study of the potential of constituents of outdoor environments to impact either human health or the biological structure of the ecosystems involved. This volume is a first attempt to integrate toxicological studies of all of the many human environments, both indoor and outdoor, and their complex interrelationships. Included are considerations of natural environments, the agroecosystem, occupational, urban and domestic environments as well as the environment associated with Superfund sites and military deployments. The primary emphasis is on public health, including the potential health effects of toxicants found in different environments, the bioprocessing of such toxicants in humans and surrogate animals and the principles of risk analysis. Approaches the toxicology of human environments in a new and unique way, stressing the complex interrelationships of all human environments and the implication for human and environmental health Each chapter is written by an acknowledged expert and is addressed to those interested in the broader implications of the environmental modifications that are always associated with the activities of humans living and working in them

Toxicology and Human Environments

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124159087
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicology and Human Environments by :

Download or read book Toxicology and Human Environments written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental toxicology is generally held to be the study of the potential of constituents of outdoor environments to impact either human health or the biological structure of the ecosystems involved. This volume is a first attempt to integrate toxicological studies of all of the many human environments, both indoor and outdoor, and their complex interrelationships. Included are considerations of natural environments, the agroecosystem, occupational, urban and domestic environments as well as the environment associated with Superfund sites and military deployments. The primary emphasis is on public health, including the potential health effects of toxicants found in different environments, the bioprocessing of such toxicants in humans and surrogate animals and the principles of risk analysis. Approaches the toxicology of human environments in a new and unique way, stressing the complex interrelationships of all human environments and the implication for human and environmental health Each chapter is written by an acknowledged expert and is addressed to those interested in the broader implications of the environmental modifications that are always associated with the activities of humans living and working in them

Translational Medicine

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000471853
Total Pages : 952 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Translational Medicine by : Joy A. Cavagnaro

Download or read book Translational Medicine written by Joy A. Cavagnaro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translational Medicine: Optimizing Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biopharmaceuticals provides scientists responsible for the translation of novel biopharmaceuticals into clinical trials with a better understanding of how to navigate the obstacles that keep innovative medical research discoveries from becoming new therapies or even making it to clinical trials. The book includes sections on protein-based therapeutics, modified proteins, oligonucleotide-based therapies, monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, gene and cell-based therapies, gene-modified cell-based therapies, combination products, and therapeutic vaccines. Best practices are defined for efficient discovery research to facilitate a science-based, efficient, and predictive preclinical development program to ensure clinical efficacy and safety. Key Features: Defines best practices for leveraging of discovery research to facilitate a development program Includes general principles, animal models, biomarkers, preclinical toxicology testing paradigms, and practical applications Discusses rare diseases Discusses "What-Why-When-How" highlighting different considerations based upon product attributes. Includes special considerations for rare diseases About the Editors Joy A. Cavagnaro is an internationally recognized expert in preclinical development and regulatory strategy with an emphasis on genetic medicines.. Her 40-year career spans academia, government (FDA), and the CRO and biotech industries. She was awarded the 2019 Arnold J Lehman Award from the Society of Toxicology for introducing the concept of science-based, case-by-case approach to preclinical safety evaluation, which became the foundation of ICH S6. She currently serves on scientific advisory boards for advocacy groups and companies and consults and lectures in the area of preclinical development of novel therapies. Mary Ellen Cosenza is a regulatory toxicology consultant with over 30 years of senior leadership experience in the biopharmaceutical industry in the U.S., Europe, and emerging markets. She has held leadership position in both the American College of Toxicology (ACT) and the International Union of Toxicology (IUTOX) and is also an adjunct assistant professor at the University of Southern California where she teaches graduate-level courses in toxicology and regulation of biologics.

Principles of Translational Science in Medicine

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128007214
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Translational Science in Medicine by : Martin Wehling

Download or read book Principles of Translational Science in Medicine written by Martin Wehling and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Translational Science in Medicine: From Bench to Bedside, Second Edition, provides an update on major achievements in the translation of research into medically relevant results and therapeutics. The book presents a thorough discussion of biomarkers, early human trials, and networking models, and includes institutional and industrial support systems. It also covers algorithms that have influenced all major areas of biomedical research in recent years, resulting in an increasing numbers of new chemical/biological entities (NCEs or NBEs) as shown in FDA statistics. The book is ideal for use as a guide for biomedical scientists to establish a systematic approach to translational medicine. Provides an in-depth description of novel tools for the assessment of translatability of trials to balance risk and improve projects at any given stage of product development New chapters deal with translational issues in the fastest growing population (the elderly), case studies, translatability assessment tools, and advances in nanotherapies Details IPR issues of translation, especially for public-private-partnerships Contains contributions from world leaders in translational medicine, including the former NIH director and authorities from various European regulatory institutions

Human-based Systems for Translational Research

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Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782620133
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Human-based Systems for Translational Research by : Robert Coleman

Download or read book Human-based Systems for Translational Research written by Robert Coleman and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a history and discussion of the use of human tissues as an alternative to animal-based testing for assessing the efficacy and safety of new medicines. Beginning by providing a historical background to animal-based testing, this text then describes in detail the issues relating to access to human cells and tissue and the rules and regulations governing their use. The book illustrates what is currently possible in humanising medicines research and development, and suggests more rational and reliable means of developing safe and effective drugs for the future than those on which we currently rely. Early chapters establish the need to generate more data in human-derived test systems, and the need for resources such as tissue banks and standardised processes whilst highlighting the barriers that have prevented such developments so far. Subsequent chapters explore the alternatives to current animal toxicology studies, including stem cells and computational models, with balanced views of the technical challenges and opportunities these offer. In addition, useful information on computational methods and pharmacokinetics are included. This book is an essential read for anyone engaged in translational drug discovery who wishes to consolidate their understanding and broaden their awareness of the key issues involved in accessing primary human tissue and the advantages of doing so.

Animal and Translational Models for CNS Drug Discovery: Neurological Disorders

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780080920382
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal and Translational Models for CNS Drug Discovery: Neurological Disorders by : Robert A. McArthur

Download or read book Animal and Translational Models for CNS Drug Discovery: Neurological Disorders written by Robert A. McArthur and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-11-18 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurological Disorders is written for researchers in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry who use animal models in research and development of drugs for neurological disorders such as neurofibromatosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington disease, ALS, and the epilepsies. Neurological Disorders has introductory chapters expressing the view of the role and relevance of animal models for drug discovery and development for the treatment of psychiatric disorders from the perspective of (a) academic basic neuroscientific research, (b) applied pharmaceutical drug discovery and development, and (c) issues of clinical trial design and regulatory agencies limitations. Each volume examines the rationale, use, robustness and limitations of animal models in each therapeutic area covered and discuss the use of animal models for target identification and validation. The clinical relevance of animal models is discussed in terms of major limitations in cross-species comparisons, clinical trial design of drug candidates, and how clinical trial endpoints could be improved. The aim of this series of volumes on Animal and Translational Models for CNS Drug Discovery is to identify and provide common endpoints between species that can serve to inform both the clinic and the bench with the information needed to accelerate clinically-effective CNS drug discovery. This is the second volume in the three volume-set, Animal and Translational Models for CNS Drug Discovery 978-0-12-373861-5, which is also available for purchase individually. Clinical, academic, government and industry perspectives fostering integrated communication between principle participants at all stages of the drug discovery process Critical evaluation of animal and translational models improving transition from drug discovery and clinical development Emphasis on what results mean to the overall drug discovery process Exploration of issues in clinical trial design and conductance in each therapeutic area

Environmental Epigenetics in Toxicology and Public Health

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128199687
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Epigenetics in Toxicology and Public Health by : Rebecca Fry

Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics in Toxicology and Public Health written by Rebecca Fry and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Epigenetics in Toxicology and Public Health provides in-depth discussions of the suite of complex environmental factors shown to impact epigenetic components within the cell, as well as evidence that these epigenetic modifications are tied to early and later life health effects. This book offers a translational research perspective, highlighting both in vivo and human population-based evidence for ties between the environment, the epigenome, and health outcomes, with an emphasis on evidence for transgenerational effects of exposures, as well as developmental windows of susceptibility to environmentally-linked epigenetic effects. This volume in the Translational Epigenetics series aides in the development of new therapeutic options meant to reverse inappropriate epigenetic alterations, helping researchers in their efforts prevent and treat a variety of chronic diseases tied to environmental exposures. Offers a thorough discussion of the environmental factors influencing epigenetic mechanisms in early and late life, and in transgenerational inheritance Examines both animal model and human population-based research in environmental epigenetics, highlighting developmental windows of vulnerability to epigenetic modification Features contributions from international experts in the field

Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323906818
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis by : Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava

Download or read book Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis written by Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis: Translational Aspects in Toxicology covers the translational toxicology of xenobiotics substances in carcinogenesis by explaining the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic, toxicogenomic, biotransformation, and resistance mechanisms in the human body. The book begins with a historical review and link to future prospects for chemical carcinogenesis. It discusses major environmental xenobiotics and their risks in inducing cancer, along with content on toxic xenobiotics and their routes of exposure in humans, the role of xenobiotic metabolism in carcinogenesis, and the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic of xenobiotics in cancer development. Lastly, the book explores current achievements such as using toxicogenomics for predicting the carcinogenicity of xenobiotic substances and the challenges posed by carcinogenic xenobiotic substances when examining preventive methods, diagnosis, and the development of anticancer drugs for specific toxicants. Covers the exposure and transmission of various toxic xenobiotics substances, including nanomaterials, to humans and their interaction with specific tissues in precipitating the development of cancers Unravels the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic processes of toxic xenobiotics in bioaccumulation Examines the genetic aberrations in cancer genomes by genetic-environmental interactions in carcinogenesis Explains the biotransformation mechanisms of toxic xenobiotics by gut microbes in humans

Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment

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Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839160837
Total Pages : 539 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment by : Alberto Mantovani

Download or read book Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by Alberto Mantovani and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insight into the role of hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone, in health and disease etiology – including interactions with other hormone pathways – has dramatically changed. Estrogen and androgen receptors, with their polymorphisms, are key molecules in all tissues and are involved in a number of homeostatic mechanisms but also pathological processes including carcinogenesis and the development of metabolic and neurological disorders such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the endocrine (hormone) systems at certain dosages and play a key role in the pathology of disease. Most known EDCs are manmade and are therefore an increasing concern given the number commonly found in household products and the environment. This book will cover the mechanisms of EDC pathology across the spectrum of disease, as well as risk assessment and government and legal regulation to provide a holistic view of the current issues and cutting-edge research in the topic. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this book will be an ideal reference for toxicologists, endocrinologists and researchers interested in developmental biology, regulatory toxicology and the interface between environment and human health.

Encyclopedia of Toxicology

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780123864543
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (645 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Toxicology by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Toxicology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the Encyclopedia of Toxicology, Four Volume Set presents entries devoted to key concepts and specific chemicals, and is updated to reflect current advances in the field. It contains new information on nanotoxicology, epigenetics, persistent organic pollutants, computational toxicology and bioinformatics, controversial chemicals, and much more. Along with the traditional scientific entries, new articles focus on worldwide initiatives, the potential health and environmental effects of new technologies, and the societal implications of global legal and regulatory issues. With thoroughly updated articles, references, and resources for recommended reading, the third edition has been expanded in length, breadth, and depth, and continues to provide an extensive overview of the many facets of toxicology. Provides easy access to content on chemicals and all core areas of toxicology Thoroughly updated with the latest advances in toxicology, including epigenetics, nanotoxicology, computational toxicology, and translational toxicology New topics include implications of global legal and regulatory issues, persistent organic pollutants, REACH, SAICM, e-waste, and many more

Environmental Epigenetics in Toxicology and Public Health

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128199695
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Epigenetics in Toxicology and Public Health by : Rebecca Fry

Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics in Toxicology and Public Health written by Rebecca Fry and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-18 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Epigenetics in Toxicology and Public Health provides in-depth discussions of the suite of complex environmental factors shown to impact epigenetic components within the cell, as well as evidence that these epigenetic modifications are tied to early and later life health effects. This book offers a translational research perspective, highlighting both in vivo and human population-based evidence for ties between the environment, the epigenome, and health outcomes, with an emphasis on evidence for transgenerational effects of exposures, as well as developmental windows of susceptibility to environmentally-linked epigenetic effects. This volume in the Translational Epigenetics series aides in the development of new therapeutic options meant to reverse inappropriate epigenetic alterations, helping researchers in their efforts prevent and treat a variety of chronic diseases tied to environmental exposures. Offers a thorough discussion of the environmental factors influencing epigenetic mechanisms in early and late life, and in transgenerational inheritance Examines both animal model and human population-based research in environmental epigenetics, highlighting developmental windows of vulnerability to epigenetic modification Features contributions from international experts in the field

The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128136987
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology by :

Download or read book The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology uses a chronological approach to demonstrate how the use of alternative methods has evolved from their conception as adjuncts to traditional animal toxicity tests to replacements for them. This volume in the History of Toxicology and Environmental Health series explores the history of alternative test development, validation, and use, with an emphasis on humanity and good science, in line with the Three Rs (Replacement,Reduction, Refinement) concept expounded by William Russell and Rex Burch in 1959 in their now classic volume, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. The book describes the historical development of technologies that have influenced the application of alternatives in toxicology and safety testing. These range from single cell monocultures to sophisticated, miniaturised and microfluidic organism-on-a-chip devices, and also include molecular modelling, chemoinformatics and QSAR analysis, and the use of stem cells, tissue engineering and hollow fibre bioreactors. This has been facilitated by the wider availability of human tissues, advances in tissue culture, analytical and diagnostic methods, increases in computational processing, capabilities, and a greater understanding of cell biology and molecular mechanisms of toxicity. These technological developments have enhanced the range and information content of the toxicity endpoints detected, and therefore the relevance of test systems and data interpretation, while new techniques for non-invasive diagnostic imaging and high resolution detection methods have permitted an increased role for human studies. Several key examples of how these technologies are being harnessed to meet 21st century safety assessment challenges are provided, including their deployment in integrated testing schemes in conjunction with kinetic modelling, and in specialized areas, such as inhalation toxicity studies. The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology uses a chronological approach to demonstrate how the use of alternative methods has evolved from their conception as adjuncts to traditional animal toxicity tests to replacements for them. This volume in the History of Toxicology and Environmental Health series explores the history of alternative test development, validation, and use, with an emphasis on humanity and good science, in line with the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) concept expounded by William Russell and Rex Burch in 1959 in their now-classic volume, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. The book describes the historical development of technologies that have influenced the application of alternatives in toxicology and safety testing. These range from single cell monocultures to sophisticated miniaturised and microfluidic organism-on-a-chip devices, and also include molecular modelling, chemoinformatics and QSAR analysis, and the use of stem cells, tissue engineering and hollow fibre bioreactors. This has been facilitated by the wider availability of human tissues, advances in tissue culture, analytical and diagnostic methods, increases in computational processing capabilities, and a greater understanding of cell biology and molecular mechanisms of toxicity. These technological developments have enhanced the range and information content of the toxicity endpoints detected, and therefore the relevance of test systems and data interpretation, while new techniques for non-invasive diagnostic imaging and high resolution detection methods have permitted an increased role for human studies. Several key examples of how these technologies are being harnessed to meet 21st century safety assessment challenges are provided, including their deployment in integrated testing schemes in conjunction with kinetic modelling, and in specialised areas, such as inhalation toxicity studies.