Trade Politics And Revolution

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Trade, Politics, and Revolution

Author : Huw T. David
Publisher : Carolina Lowcountry and the At
ISBN 13 : 9781611178944
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (789 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade, Politics, and Revolution by : Huw T. David

Download or read book Trade, Politics, and Revolution written by Huw T. David and published by Carolina Lowcountry and the At. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of early transatlantic trade in South Carolina that exposes the divisive complexity that led to war London's "Carolina traders," a little-known group of transatlantic merchants, played a pivotal but historically neglected role in the rise of tensions in the South Carolina lowcountry. In Trade, Politics, and Revolution, Huw David delves into the lives of these men and explores their influence on commerce and politics in the years before and after the American Revolution. Beginning in the 1730s, a few select merchants in Charleston fueled South Carolina's economic rise, used their political connections to prosper in British-Carolinian trade, and then relocated to London, becoming absentee owners of property, plantations, and slaves. Using correspondence, business and slave trade records, newspapers, and a wealth of other sources, David reconstructs the lives of these Carolina traders and demonstrates their shifting but instrumental influence over the course of the eighteenth century. Until the 1760s these transatlantic traders served as a stabilizing force, using their wealth and political connections to lobby for colonial interests. As the British Empire flexed its power and incited rebellion with laws such as the so-called Intolerable Acts, South Carolinians became suspicious of the traders, believing them to be instruments of imperial oppression. Trade, Politics, and Revolution offers a fresh understanding of trade in South Carolina's early history and the shifting climate that led to the American Revolution, as well as reaching beyond the war to explore the reconstruction of trade routes between the newly founded United States and Great Britain. By focusing on one segment of transatlantic trade, David provides a new interpretive approach to imperialism and exposes the complex, deeply personal rift that divided the Carolina traders from their homeland and broke the colonies from the mother country

The Wealth of a Nation

Author : C. Donald Johnson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190865911
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wealth of a Nation by : C. Donald Johnson

Download or read book The Wealth of a Nation written by C. Donald Johnson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is entering a period of profound uncertainty in the world political economy--an uncertainty which is threatening the liberal economic order that its own statesmen created at the end of the Second World War. The storm surrounding this threat has been ignited by an issue that has divided Americans since the nation's founding: international trade. Is America better off under a liberal trade regime, or would protectionism be more beneficial? The issue divided Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Jefferson, the agrarian south from the industrializing north, and progressives from robber barons in the Gilded Age. In our own times, it has pitted anti-globalization activists and manufacturing workers against both multinational firms and the bulk of the economics profession. Ambassador C. Donald Johnson's The Wealth of a Nation is an authoritative history of the politics of trade in America from the Revolution to the Trump era. Johnson begins by charting the rise and fall of the U.S. protectionist system from the time of Alexander Hamilton to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930. Challenges to protectionist dominance were frequent and often serious, but the protectionist regime only faded in the wake of the Great Depression. After World War II, America was the primary architect of the liberal rules-based economic order that has dominated the globe for over half a century. Recent years, however, have seen a swelling anti-free trade movement that casts the postwar liberal regime as anti-worker, pro-capital, and--in Donald Trump's view--even anti-American. In this riveting history, Johnson emphasizes the benefits of the postwar free trade regime, but focuses in particular on how it has attempted to advance workers' rights. This analysis of the evolution of American trade policy stresses the critical importance of the multilateral trading system's survival and defines the central political struggle between business and labor in measuring the wealth of a nation.

The Metropolitan Revolution

Author : Bruce Katz
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0815721528
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis The Metropolitan Revolution by : Bruce Katz

Download or read book The Metropolitan Revolution written by Bruce Katz and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the US, cities and metropolitan areas are facing huge economic and competitive challenges that Washington won't, or can't, solve. The good news is that networks of metropolitan leaders – mayors, business and labor leaders, educators, and philanthropists – are stepping up and powering the nation forward. These state and local leaders are doing the hard work to grow more jobs and make their communities more prosperous, and they're investing in infrastructure, making manufacturing a priority, and equipping workers with the skills they need. In The Metropolitan Revolution, Bruce Katz and Jennifer Bradley highlight success stories and the people behind them. · New York City: Efforts are under way to diversify the city's vast economy · Portland: Is selling the "sustainability" solutions it has perfected to other cities around the world · Northeast Ohio: Groups are using industrial-age skills to invent new twenty-first-century materials, tools, and processes · Houston: Modern settlement house helps immigrants climb the employment ladder · Miami: Innovators are forging strong ties with Brazil and other nations · Denver and Los Angeles: Leaders are breaking political barriers and building world-class metropolises · Boston and Detroit: Innovation districts are hatching ideas to power these economies for the next century The lessons in this book can help other cities meet their challenges. Change is happening, and every community in the country can benefit. Change happens where we live, and if leaders won't do it, citizens should demand it. The Metropolitan Revolution was the 2013 Foreword Reviews Bronze winner for Political Science.

Jealousy of Trade

Author : Istvan Hont
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674010383
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Jealousy of Trade by : Istvan Hont

Download or read book Jealousy of Trade written by Istvan Hont and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The author focuses on Adam Smith and his contemporaries, who pondered these issues, particularly the nature and development of commercial society. They attempted to come to terms with the claim that, on the one hand, the market was a decisive element in economic progress, and, on the other, that its workings depended upon the release of the immoral desires of fallen men and that its consequences were socially and politically destabilizing. Hont reconstructs the salient features of this controversy between the proponents of market sociability and its most trenchant critics. In doing so, he has helped to locate historically the most important arguments at the heart of the emergence of modernity."--Jacket.

The Asian Trade Revolution

Author : Niels Steensgaard
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226771458
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis The Asian Trade Revolution by : Niels Steensgaard

Download or read book The Asian Trade Revolution written by Niels Steensgaard and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work Neils Steensgaard combines an analytical economic approach with detailed historic scholarship to provide an imaginitive and important analysis of a central incident in modern world history. The event is the breaking of the Portuguese monopoly on Asian trade in the seventeenth century by English and Dutch mercantile interests. This change the author demonstrates, was not simply the triumph of the new powers over the old. Rather, the Dutch--English victory heralded a structural change in international trade: the triumph of entrepreneurial capitalism over the older economic mode of the "peddler-merchant." Professor Steensgaard's study is divided into two major parts. The first examines the economic and political structure of the seventeenth century institutions in the Near East, Portugal, England, and the Netherlands. The author demonstrates that the rise to preeminence of the English and Dutch East India Companies over the Portuguese "State of India" was the result of the superior economic and bureaucratic organization of the former. The eclipse of Portuguese power in general, the author argues, is best understood as an institutional failure–an inability to adapt to changing patterns and demands of economic life. The second part of Professor Steensgaard's study provides a detailed historical account of an important event in the fall of the Portuguese trading empire–the loss of the city of Hormuz in 1622. Hormuz, located at a strategic point at the entrance of the Persian Gulf, was a central port city on the Asian trade route. It fell to an English and Persian force. The author demonstrates why this event exemplifies the Portuguese institutional weaknesses that are discussed in the first part of the book.

Clashing Over Commerce

Author : Douglas A. Irwin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022639901X
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Clashing Over Commerce by : Douglas A. Irwin

Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs

The Trillion Dollar Revolution

Author : Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1541797779
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (417 download)

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Book Synopsis The Trillion Dollar Revolution by : Ezekiel J. Emanuel

Download or read book The Trillion Dollar Revolution written by Ezekiel J. Emanuel and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years after the landmark legislation, Ezekiel Emanuel leads a crowd of experts, policy-makers, doctors, and scholars as they evaluate the Affordable Care Act's history so far. In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act officially became one of the seminal laws determining American health care. From day one, the law was challenged in court, making it to the Supreme Court four separate times. It transformed the way a three-trillion-dollar sector of the economy behaved and brought insurance to millions of people. It spawned the Tea Party, further polarized American politics, and affected the electoral fortunes of both parties. Ten years after the bill's passage, a constellation of experts--insiders and academics for and against the ACA--describe the momentousness of the legislation. Encompassing Democrats and Republicans, along with legal, financial, and health policy experts, the essays here offer a fascinating and revealing insight into the political fight of a generation, its consequences for health care, politics, law, the economy-and the future.

Smugglers, Pirates, and Patriots

Author : Tyson Reeder
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812251385
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Smugglers, Pirates, and Patriots by : Tyson Reeder

Download or read book Smugglers, Pirates, and Patriots written by Tyson Reeder and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2019-06-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After emerging victorious from their revolution against the British Empire, many North Americans associated commercial freedom with independence and republicanism. Optimistic about the liberation movements sweeping Latin America, they were particularly eager to disrupt the Portuguese Empire. Anticipating the establishment of a Brazilian republic that they assumed would give them commercial preference, they aimed to aid Brazilian independence through contraband, plunder, and revolution. In contrast to the British Empire's reaction to the American Revolution, Lisbon officials liberalized imperial trade when revolutionary fervor threatened the Portuguese Empire in the 1780s and 1790s. In 1808, to save the empire from Napoleon's army, the Portuguese court relocated to Rio de Janeiro and opened Brazilian ports to foreign commerce. By 1822, the year Brazil declared independence, it had become the undisputed center of U.S. trade with the Portuguese Empire. However, by that point, Brazilians tended to associate freer trade with the consolidation of monarchical power and imperial strength, and, by the end of the 1820s, it was clear that Brazilians would retain a monarchy despite their independence. Smugglers, Pirates, and Patriots delineates the differences between the British and Portuguese empires as they struggled with revolutionary tumult. It reveals how those differences led to turbulent transnational exchanges between the United States and Brazil as merchants, smugglers, rogue officials, slave traders, and pirates sought to trade outside legal confines. Tyson Reeder argues that although U.S. traders had forged their commerce with Brazil convinced that they could secure republican trade partners there, they were instead forced to reconcile their vision of the Americas as a haven for republics with the reality of a monarchy residing in the hemisphere. He shows that as twilight fell on the Age of Revolution, Brazil and the United States became fellow slave powers rather than fellow republics.

City of Capital

Author : Bruce G. Carruthers
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691049602
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis City of Capital by : Bruce G. Carruthers

Download or read book City of Capital written by Bruce G. Carruthers and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1999-12-19 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "While many have examined how economic interests motivate political action, Bruce Carruthers explores the reverse relationship by focusing on how political interests shape a market. He sets his inquiry within the context of late Stuart England, when an active stock market emerged and when Whig and Tory parties vied for control of a newly empowered Parliament. Probing such connections between politics and markets at both institutional and individual levels, Carruthers ultimately argues that competitive markets are not inherently apolitical spheres guided by economic interest but rather ongoing creations of social actors pursuing multiple goals." -- BACK COVER.

The Third Revolution

Author : Elizabeth Economy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190866071
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Third Revolution by : Elizabeth Economy

Download or read book The Third Revolution written by Elizabeth Economy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Third Revolution, Elizabeth Economy, one of America's leading China scholars, provides an authoritative overview of contemporary China that makes sense of all of the seeming inconsistencies and ambiguities in its policies and actions.

Bernie Sanders Guide to Political Revolution

Author : Bernie Sanders
Publisher : Macmillan + ORM
ISBN 13 : 1250138914
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Bernie Sanders Guide to Political Revolution by : Bernie Sanders

Download or read book Bernie Sanders Guide to Political Revolution written by Bernie Sanders and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2017-08-29 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Bernie Sanders Guide to Political Revolution, Independent congressman, presidential candidate and activist Bernie Sanders continues his fight against the imbalances in the nation’s status quo, and shows you how to make a difference to effect the changes America—and the world—need to create a better tomorrow. Throughout the Presidential campaign, Senator Bernie Sanders promised voters a future to believe in through his progressive platform and a vision for America worth fighting for. This vision calls for an economic, environmental, health care, and social justice revolution beyond the stagnant agendas of Democrat and Republican politicians to build an equitable future for all Americans—especially the younger generation that will inherit the consequences of decisions made now. Inside this practical and inspiring guide to effecting change in today’s world, you’ll learn how to: · Understand and navigate the current system of policy and government · Work to change the system to reflect your values and to protect our society’s most vulnerable · Organize for the causes you care about most · Resources for further reading and organizations to get involved with With more than two decades of Washington D.C. insider knowledge and experience, Senator Sanders knows how to fight and change the system from within, a system desperately in need of reform in health care, immigration, taxes, higher education, climate change, and criminal justice. The political revolution is just beginning. What role will you play?

Politics and the Twitter Revolution

Author : John H. Parmelee
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739165003
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Politics and the Twitter Revolution by : John H. Parmelee

Download or read book Politics and the Twitter Revolution written by John H. Parmelee and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politics and the Twitter Revolution: How Tweets Influence the Relationship between Political Leaders and the Public by John H. Parmelee and Shannon L. Bichard is the first comprehensive examination of how Twitter is used politically. Surveys and in-depth interviews with political Twitter users answer several important questions, including: Who follows the political leaders on Twitter, and why? How persuasive are political tweets? Is political Twitter use good for democracy? These and other questions are answered from theoretical perspectives, such as uses and gratifications, word-of-mouth communication, selective exposure, innovation characteristics, and the continuity-discontinuity framework. In addition, content analysis and frame analysis illustrate how political leaders' tweets frame their policies and personalities. The findings in Politics and the Twitter Revolution show Twitter to be surprisingly influential on political discourse. Twitter has caused major changes in how people engage politically. Followers regularly take actions that are requested in leaders' tweets, and, in many cases, leaders' tweets shape followers' political views more than friends and family. Other findings raise concerns. For some, Twitter use contributes to political polarization, and there is frequently a disconnect between what followers expect from leaders on Twitter and what those leaders are giving them.

The Counterrevolution of Slavery

Author : Manisha Sinha
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807860972
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis The Counterrevolution of Slavery by : Manisha Sinha

Download or read book The Counterrevolution of Slavery written by Manisha Sinha and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2003-06-19 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive analysis of politics and ideology in antebellum South Carolina, Manisha Sinha offers a provocative new look at the roots of southern separatism and the causes of the Civil War. Challenging works that portray secession as a fight for white liberty, she argues instead that it was a conservative, antidemocratic movement to protect and perpetuate racial slavery. Sinha discusses some of the major sectional crises of the antebellum era--including nullification, the conflict over the expansion of slavery into western territories, and secession--and offers an important reevaluation of the movement to reopen the African slave trade in the 1850s. In the process she reveals the central role played by South Carolina planter politicians in developing proslavery ideology and the use of states' rights and constitutional theory for the defense of slavery. Sinha's work underscores the necessity of integrating the history of slavery with the traditional narrative of southern politics. Only by taking into account the political importance of slavery, she insists, can we arrive at a complete understanding of southern politics and the enormity of the issues confronting both northerners and southerners on the eve of the Civil War.

The Industrial Revolution

Author : William J. Ashworth
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 147428616X
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Industrial Revolution by : William J. Ashworth

Download or read book The Industrial Revolution written by William J. Ashworth and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The British Industrial Revolution has long been seen as the spark for modern, global industrialization and sustained economic growth. Indeed the origins of economic history, as a discipline, lie in 19th-century European and North American attempts to understand the foundation of this process. In this book, William J. Ashworth questions some of the orthodoxies concerning the history of the industrial revolution and offers a deep and detailed reassessment of the subject that focuses on the State and its role in the development of key British manufactures. In particular, he explores the role of State regulation and protectionism in nurturing Britain's negligible early manufacturing base. Taking a long view, from the mid 17th century through to the 19th century, the analysis weaves together a vast range of factors to provide one of the fullest analyses of the industrial revolution, and one that places it firmly within a global context, showing that the Industrial Revolution was merely a short moment within a much larger and longer global trajectory. This book is an important intervention in the debates surrounding modern industrial history will be essential reading for anyone interested in global and comparative economic history and the history of globalization.

Smugglers & Patriots

Author : John W. Tyler
Publisher : Colonial Society of Massach
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Smugglers & Patriots by : John W. Tyler

Download or read book Smugglers & Patriots written by John W. Tyler and published by Colonial Society of Massach. This book was released on 1986 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Consequences of Loyalism

Author : Rebecca Brannon
Publisher : Univ of South Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 1611179513
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis The Consequences of Loyalism by : Rebecca Brannon

Download or read book The Consequences of Loyalism written by Rebecca Brannon and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology examines the role of Loyalism in the American Revolution, building on the pioneering work of historian Robert M. Calhoon. Calhoon’s work on American Loyalists redefined their role in the Revolution, showing them to be dynamic figures adapting to a society in upheaval. In The Consequences of Loyalism, editors Rebecca Brannon and Joseph S. Moore shed light on Calhoon’s foundational influence and explore the continuing scholarship in the wake of his prolific career. This volume unites sixteen previously unpublished essays that build on Calhoon’s work and consider Loyalism’s relationship to conflict resolution, imperial bureaucracy, and identity creation. In the first of two sections, scholars discuss the complexities of Loyalist identity, while considering Calhoon’s earlier work. In the second section, scholars work from Calhoon’s later publications to investigate the consequences of Loyalism both for the Loyalists, and for the legacy of the Revolutionary War. This book brings Loyalist dilemmas alive, digging into their personalities and postwar routes. Loyalists from all facets of society fought for what they considered their home country: women wrote letters, commanders took to the battlefield, and thinkers shaped the political conversation. This volume complements Calhoon’s influential work, expands the scope of Loyalist studies, and opens the field to a deeper, perhaps revolutionary understanding of the king’s men.

China, Trade and Power: Why the West’s Economic Engagement Has Failed

Author : Stewart Paterson
Publisher : London Publishing Partnership
ISBN 13 : 1907994823
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis China, Trade and Power: Why the West’s Economic Engagement Has Failed by : Stewart Paterson

Download or read book China, Trade and Power: Why the West’s Economic Engagement Has Failed written by Stewart Paterson and published by London Publishing Partnership. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a Western point of view, the policy of economic engagement with China has failed. A rapid rise in living standards in China has helped legitimize and strengthen the Chinese Communist Party’s power. How did Western, market-orientated, property-owning, liberal democracies go from being in a position of complete global hegemony in the early 1990s to the current crisis of confidence and loss of moral foundation? This book tells the story of the most successful trading nation of the early twenty-first century. It looks at how the Communist Party of China has retained and cemented its monopoly on political power since China’s accession to the World Trade Organization in December 2001. It is the most extraordinary economic success story of our time and it has reshaped the geopolitics not just of Asia but of the world. As China has come to dominate global manufacturing, its economic power has been translated into political power, and the West now has a global rival that is politically antithetical to liberal values. The supply-side deflation from allowing 750 million low-cost workers into the global trading system combined with the policy of inflation targeting by Western central banks has led to falling real incomes for many in the West and rising asset prices that have benefited the few. Worse still, China’s mercantilist model is now held up as a viable economic alternative. To have a fighting chance of protecting the freedoms of liberal democracies, it is of the utmost importance that we understand how the policy of indulgent engagement with China has affected Western society in recent years. Only then can the global trading system be reoriented for the mutual benefit of all nations.