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Author : Javier Escobal D'Angelo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Children written by Javier Escobal D'Angelo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anh Nguyen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Children's School-Work Choice written by Anh Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of trade liberalization on the school-work choices in Vietnam from 2002 to 2016 by exploiting the differences in regional exposure from the 2001 U.S-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA). Using eight waves of the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys, I found that provinces more exposed to the tariff reduction from the BTA experienced a small decline in school attendance for children aged between 10-17 years old and a corresponding increase in children's market work participation, mainly for non-wage and household businesses jobs. This adverse BTA effect tends to be stronger for boys, older children and households with low-educated head. The paper also documents a significant, negative association between provincial BTA shock and human capital investment that lasts over ten years after its inauguration, and this persistence could be driven by outcomes from migrant children or confounded by the WTO accession after 2007.
Author : Liqiu Zhao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Child Labor in China written by Liqiu Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper exploits a quasi-natural experiment - the U.S. granting of Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) to China after China's accession to the World Trade Organization - to examine whether trade liberalization affects the incidence of child labor in China. PNTR permanently set U.S. duties on Chinese imports at low Normal Trade Relations (NTR) levels and removed the uncertainty associated with annual renewals of China's NTR status. We find that the PNTR was significantly associated with the rising incidence of child labor in China. A one percentage point decrease in average export tariffs raises the odds of child labor by a 1.3 percentage point. The effects are greater for girls, older children, rural children, and children with less-educated parents. The effect of trade liberalization on the incidence of child labor, however, disappears in the long run, because trade liberalization can induce exporters to upgrade technology and thus have less demand for unskilled workers.
Author : Krisztina Kis-Katos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (837 download)
Download or read book Child Work and Schooling Under Trade Liberalization in Indonesia written by Krisztina Kis-Katos and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the effects of trade liberalization on child work and schooling in Indonesia. Our estimation strategy identifies geographical differences in the effects of trade policy through district and province level exposure to reduction in import tariff barriers. We use seven rounds (1993 to 2002) of the Indonesian annual national household survey (Susenas), and relate workforce participation and school enrolment of children aged 10-15 to geographic variation in relative tariff exposure. Our main findings show that increased exposure to trade liberalization is associated with a decrease in child work and an increase in enrolment among 10 to 15 year olds. The effects of tariff reductions are strongest for children from low skill backgrounds and in rural areas. However, a dynamic analysis suggests that these effects reflect the long term benefits of trade liberalization, through economic growth and subsequent income effects, while frictions and negative adjustment effects may occur in the short term.
Author : Anh Phuoc Thien Nguyen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Children's School-work Choice written by Anh Phuoc Thien Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the impact of trade liberalization on the school-work choices among Vietnamese children from 2002 to 2016 by exploiting the regional variation in tariff reduction exposure. Using eight waves of the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys and the U.S-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) in 2001 as an export shock, I found that children living in provinces with higher exposure to the BTA tariff reduction were more likely to drop out of school and this adverse impact of BTA shock persisted over medium-run. This outcome is driven by a rise in labor incidence in market work, suggesting a trade-induced increase in an opportunity cost of schooling which deters the process of human capital accumulation.
Author : Krisztina Kis-Katos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Child Labor and Trade Liberalization in Indonesia written by Krisztina Kis-Katos and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the effects of trade liberalization on child work in Indonesia. Our estimation strategy identifies geographical differences in the effects of trade policy through district level exposure to reduction in import tariff barriers. We use a balanced panel of 261 districts, based on four rounds (1993 to 2002) of the Indonesian annual national household survey (Susenas), and relate workforce participation of children aged 10-15 to geographic variation in relative tariff exposure. Our main findings show that increased exposure to trade liberalization is associated with a decrease in child work among the 10 to 15 year olds. The effects of tariff reductions are strongest for children from low skill backgrounds and in rural areas. Favorable income effects for the poor, induced by trade liberalization, are likely to be the dominating effects underlying these results.
Author : Romain Wacziarg
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781788111492
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization written by Romain Wacziarg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling two-volume collection presents the major literary contributions to the economic analysis of the consequences of trade liberalization on growth, productivity, labor market outcomes and economic inequality. Examining the classical theories that stress gains from trade stemming from comparative advantage, the selection also comprises more recent theories of imperfect competition, where any potential gains from trade can stem from competitive effects or the international transmission of knowledge. Empirical contributions provide evidence regarding the explanatory power of these various theories, including work on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, wages, and income inequality, as well as evidence on the effects of trade on firm productivity, entry and exit. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editor, the collection will to be an invaluable research resource for academics, practitioners and those drawn to this fascinating topic.
Author : Sarbajit Chaudhuri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Child Labour and Trade Liberalization in a Developing Economy written by Sarbajit Chaudhuri and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper analyzes the implications of trade liberalization on the incidence of child labour in a two-sector general equilibrium framework. The supply function of child labour has been derived from the utility maximizing behaviour of the working families. The paper finds that the effect of trade liberalization on the incidence of child labour crucially hinges on the relative factor intensities of the two sectors.
Author : Alessandro Cigno
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Role of Trade and Offshoring in the Determination of Child Labour written by Alessandro Cigno and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating family decisions in a two-period-model of the world economy, we show that trade liberalization may reduce child labour in developing countries where the initial share of skilled workers in the adult workforce - though not as large as in developed countries - is nonetheless large enough to attract skill-intensive FDI from the latter. If the production activities so relocated are more skill-intensive than those carried out in the destination countries before liberalization, that will in fact tend to offset the downwards pressure on the ratio of skilled to unskilled wage rates (Stolper-Samuelson effect), and thus on the incentive for parents to invest in their children's education, associated with international specialization. The hypothesis is not rejected by the data, and thus helps to explain why child labour has not risen in all developing countries, but risen in some and fallen in others.
Author : Neil McCulloch
Publisher : Centre for Economic Policy Research
ISBN 13 : 9781898128625
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (286 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Poverty written by Neil McCulloch and published by Centre for Economic Policy Research. This book was released on 2001 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Openness to trade is a key element of economic policy; continuing extreme poverty in developing countries is a disgrace. This Handbook examines how concerns about the world's poor should affect our attitude towards trade liberalization. Part I draws on economic analysis and practical experience to construct a framework to analyse the links between trade liberalization and poverty. It shows policy-makers how to identify the critical features in their economies so they can ensure that the poor benefit from liberalization. Part II explores the reform of particular sectors -- agriculture, services, etc., and particular instruments of trade policy -- export subsidies, anti-dumping measures, etc. It presents an economic analysis of each type of reform, shows the likely outcome for the poor, and discusses the issue's status on the World Trade Organization's agenda. Book jacket.
Author : Sarbajit Chaudhuri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Incidence of Child Labour, Free Education Policy and Trade Liberalization in a Developing Economy written by Sarbajit Chaudhuri and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper analyzes the implications of a subsidy policy on education and different liberalized trade and investment policies on the incidence of child labour in a general equilibrium framework with endogenous determination of family size and enrollment of children to schools from each poor working family. It shows that these policies, if undertaken concurrently, may produce mutually contradictory effects, thereby producing little or no impact on the incidence of child labour. The paper provides a theoretical answer as to why the incidence of child labour has not significantly declined in the developing economies in spite of economic development and globalization.
Author : Alessandro Olper
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Child Mortality written by Alessandro Olper and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the causal effect of trade liberalization on child mortality by exploiting 41 policy reform experiments in the 1960-2010 period. The Synthetic Control Method for comparative case studies allows to compare at the country level the trajectory of post-reform health outcomes of treated countries (those which experienced trade liberalization) with the trajectory of a combination of similar but untreated countries. In contrast with previous findings, we find that the effect of trade liberalization on health outcomes displays a huge heterogeneity, both in the direction and the magnitude of the estimated effect. Among the 41 investigated cases, 19 displayed a significant reduction in child mortality after trade liberalization. In 19 cases there was no significant effect, while in three cases we found a significant worsening in child mortality after trade liberalization. Trade reforms in democracies, in middle income countries and which reduced taxation in agriculture reduce child mortality more.
Author : Sarbajit Chaudhuri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Free Education Policy and Trade Liberalization written by Sarbajit Chaudhuri and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper purports to examine the implications of a free education policy and trade liberalization on the child and adult labor markets in the set-up of a Harris-Todaro type general equilibrium model. It has been found that a hike in the education subsidy or inflow of foreign capital may produce counterproductive results on the supply of child labor in the urban area. Moreover, these policies mar raise the level of urban unemployment of adult labor even when two types of labor are not substitutes to each other. The average income of the urban poor families may also decrease as a consequence.
Author : Afia Tasneem
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (65 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Child Labor written by Afia Tasneem and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eric V. Edmonds
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)
Download or read book Does Globalization Increase Child Labor? written by Eric V. Edmonds and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers the impact of liberalized trade policy on child labor in a developing country. While trade liberalization entails an increase in the relative price of the exported product, trade theory provides ambiguous predictions on how this price change affects the incidence of child labor. In this paper, we exploit regional and intertemporal variation in the real price of rice to examine the relationship between price movements of a primary export and the economic activities of children. Using a panel of Vietnamese households, we find that reductions in child labor are increasing with rice prices. Declines in child labor are largest for girls of secondary school age, and we find a corresponding increase in school attendance for this group. Overall, rice price increases can account for almost half of the decline in child labor that occurs in Vietnam in the 1990s. Greater market integration, at least in this case, appears to be associated with less child labor. Our results suggest that the use of trade sanctions on exports from developing countries to eradicate child labor is unlikely to yield the desired outcome
Author : Darius Alexander Alemzadeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Economic Liberalization & Working Children written by Darius Alexander Alemzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kristian Estevez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Demand for Child Labor in a Dynamic North-South Trade Model written by Kristian Estevez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how trade liberalization affects the demand for child labor employing a dynamic North-South trade framework. Innovating firms in the North are assumed to be heterogeneous and differ in their marginal costs while imitating firms in the South are homogeneous and may employ children in production to reduce their marginal cost. The demand for child labor is dependent not only on domestic factors such as wages of adults and children, but also on the endogenous rate of innovation in the North and the rate in which these goods are imitated in the South. Reductions in trade costs increase the demand for new goods produced in the North and reduce the demand for old goods produced in the South. An increase in the population of the North and/or South will increase the overall demand for child labor although the child labor participation rate will increase (decrease) when the population in the North (South) increases.
