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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Toxicological Evaluation of Chemical Interactions written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robin S. Goldstein
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483269701
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Toxic Interactions written by Robin S. Goldstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic Interactions is a collection of papers that discusses the basic principles behind the mechanism of toxicological interactions. This book deals with interacting chemicals and their effects on certain exposed organs or molecules. Concerning discussion of the principles, contributed papers explain the role of xenobiotic biotransformation processes in inactivating reactive intermediates of toxicants. Other authors discuss the effects of endogenous molecules and the consequences of chemically induced depletion of protective agents, as well as the pharmacokinetic principles that affect chemical interactions. Several authors also review experiments on the types of chemicals that produce or increase the degree of toxicity. The text reviews the results of liver and kidney injuries from exposure to two or more chemicals, while other papers focus on lung and heart toxicity. For example, direct mechanism of cardio toxicity includes toxicity due to an increase in plasma concentrations of the compound, or as in latent cardiac toxicity that is a product of another action on another system of organs. Professors in pharmacology, practitioners of general medicine, specialists or researchers dealing with microchemistry, toxicology or drug therapy will find this reference valuable.
Author : John C. Lipscomb
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060441
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Computational Toxicology written by John C. Lipscomb and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans are exposed to chemicals through voluntary and involuntary actions; to natural and synthetic chemicals all day, every day. Single chemical risk assessments are complex in and of themselves, and the assessment of chemical mixtures exponentially increases the complexity for toxicologists, regulators, and the public. Chemicals produce effects in biological systems which may or may not be related to their toxicity; some effects may be adaptive or may not be a direct part of their mode or mechanism of toxic action. These terms are commonly used and may be distinguished based on the level of detail implied. Mode of action usually describes the effect of a toxicant at the cellular or organ level, while mechanism of action implies an understanding of the interaction of the toxicant at the molecular level. Chemicals can have the same mode of action, but act via different mechanisms. Components in a chemical mixture are characterized by mode and/or mechanism for the purpose of grouping, described later.
Author : Edward J. Calabrese
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780873711463
Total Pages : 842 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Multiple Chemical Interactions written by Edward J. Calabrese and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-19 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic work on a vitally important and new topic contains over 1200 pages of complete information on chemical interactions as it pertains to environmental and medical concerns. It illustrates principles of interactions so you will have the conceptual basis for predicting responses to complex environmental mixtures-apply it to specific situations-theoretical and practical. To date, environmental standards regulate the effects of a single pollutant. Multiple Chemical Interactions is exhaustive coverage of how the multitude of chemicals in our world interact with human health. This book gives us critically new and complete data on an emerging field that will be of interest to all environmental scientists, environmental and public health professionals, toxicologists, industrial hygienists, regulators and libraries.
Author : Cynthia V. Rider
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319562347
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors written by Cynthia V. Rider and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, both basic and advanced concepts are discussed for considering mixtures from initial exposure characterization through evaluation of risk associated with combined exposures. This book will provide an introduction to key issues and multiple options for evaluating both the toxicity of mixtures as well as the risk associated with exposure to mixtures. Additionally, promising tools adapted from other disciplines will be discussed in the context of mixtures toxicology and risk assessment. Finally, the discussion will move beyond chemical mixtures to address incorporating non-chemical stressors into toxicity studies and cumulative risk assessments. Although exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors is the rule, not the exception, consideration of mixtures in toxicology and risk assessment continues to be a significant challenge. This book will be an essential resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of toxicology, epidemiology, exposure science, risk assessment, and statistics.
Author : Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439830096
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Mixture Toxicity written by Cornelis A. M. van Gestel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology an
Author : Elsa Nielsen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849372650
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (726 download)
Download or read book Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals written by Elsa Nielsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike many existing books on toxicology that cover either toxicity of a particular substance or toxicity of chemicals on particular organ systems, Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide lays out the principle activities of conducting a toxicological risk assessment, including international approaches and methods for the risk assessment of chemical substances. It illustrates each step in the process: hazard identification, a dose response assessment, and exposure assessment. The book also summarizes the basic concepts of interaction of chemicals in mixtures and discusses various approaches to testing such mixtures. Features: Addresses standards from all international regulatory agencies Presents the steps in risk assessment, including hazard identification, exposure assessment, and risk characterization Covers the assessment of multiple chemical exposures or chemical mixtures Contains data from both human and animal studies Explains the linearized multi-stage mathematical model widely used by the US EPA for characterizing
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030904894X
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.
Author : José A. Torres
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319127519
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)
Download or read book Toxicological Risk Assessment for Beginners written by José A. Torres and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a comprehensive introductory guide to the practical aspects of risk assessment. Chapters include clearly defined objectives and summaries. The book includes: hazard identification, dose-response, exposure assessment, risk characterization, chemical mixtures, epidemiology, emerging issues and global perspectives with accessible language. The book concludes with a set of hypothetical case studies. Toxicological Risk Assessment for Beginners aims not to create an expert, but rather to provide readers with their first understanding of the risk assessment topic. This book was designed with the student in mind. We simplify a complex process for beginners and balance theory with practical aspects, but remain fluid enough to increase difficulty with case studies. By incorporating an action based, step by step approach to learning the risk assessment process, this book provides its readers with an elementary understanding of how the risk assessment process is initiated, developed and finished, making it a valuable guide for graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and early career scientists in industry.
Author : Rachid Chaib
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030429431
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Chemicals in the Food Industry written by Rachid Chaib and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the use and management of chemicals in the food and beverage industry. The authors explore the use of chemicals as food additives and sanitizers, and provide an overview of their toxicological characterisation with regard to the employees who handle them, and to consumers. In addition, the authors pay special attention to the safe and reliable management of chemicals in the food production and packaging areas, and in quality control laboratories. Topics such as toxicological risks, the importance of labelling, technical and material safety data sheets, risk categories (e.g. fire, explosion, unforeseen chemical reactions, etc.), safe use of hazardous chemicals, prevention procedures, and emergency planning in laboratories and industrial areas are also covered. In closing, readers will learn more about the future behaviour of food-production workers regarding chemical handling and approved uses, especially in light of the recent REACH obligations. Given its scope, the book will appeal not only to researchers interested in food production, food safety, risk prevention and public health, but also to professionals involved in quality control and risk assessment in the food and beverage industry.
Author : John H Duffus
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1847559751
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (475 download)
Download or read book Concepts in Toxicology written by John H Duffus and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2009-10-01 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicology has never been more important. Advances in chemistry and technology offering improvements in the quality of human life become ever more rapid, bringing with them the potential for new toxicity hazards. This has led to legislation requiring toxicity testing and risk assessment for all chemicals and their uses. The new REACH (Risk Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals) Regulation has profound economic consequences because, without official authorization, a chemical cannot be marketed. This book explains, in depth, the ideas underlying current advances in toxicology and its application in regulating and ensuring the safe use of chemicals. Sometimes old ideas have become assumptions that have become embedded in related laws and regulation, even though the thinking of toxicologists has moved on in line with developments in science. This leads to confusion in public understanding that the book should dispel. There are also fundamental ideas in toxicology that are not well understood concerning the concepts of hazard and risk and even about what constitutes a chemical. For many people the word 'chemical' describes manmade substances only. In fact, it is correctly applied to all substances that exist, from pure elements to the most complex biological molecules in food and medicines. This is further complicated by the complex distinction between the descriptors, 'toxic' and 'nontoxic'. Developments in epigenetics are revolutionizing our understanding of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Improved understanding of apoptosis and necrosis leads to improved interpretation of potentially toxic effects at the cellular level. The recently defined term 'chemical speciation' is driving more targeted research on the toxicity of inorganic chemicals. This book explains the concepts implied by key toxicological terms using diagrams to illustrate the relationships between them. It is an essential aid to understanding the new demands from regulators of risk assessment and to the implementation of appropriate risk management.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309310164
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-10-29 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, regulations governing chemical use have often focused on widely used chemicals and acute human health effects of exposure to them, as well as their potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects. As scientific knowledge has expanded there has been an increased awareness of the mechanisms through which chemicals may exert harmful effects on human health, as well as their effects on other species and ecosystems. Identification of high-priority chemicals and other chemicals of concern has prompted a growing number of state and local governments, as well as major companies, to take steps beyond existing hazardous chemical federal legislation. Interest in approaches and policies that ensure that any new substances substituted for chemicals of concern are assessed as carefully and thoroughly as possible has also burgeoned. The overarching goal of these approaches is to avoid regrettable substitutions, which occur when a toxic chemical is replaced by another chemical that later proved unsuitable because of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, or other concerns. Chemical alternative assessments are tools designed to facilitate consideration of these factors to assist stakeholders in identifying chemicals that may have the greatest likelihood of harm to human and ecological health, and to provide guidance on how the industry may develop and adopt safer alternatives. A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives develops and demonstrates a decision framework for evaluating potentially safer substitute chemicals as primarily determined by human health and ecological risks. This new framework is informed by previous efforts by regulatory agencies, academic institutions, and others to develop alternative assessment frameworks that could be operationalized. In addition to hazard assessments, the framework incorporates steps for life-cycle thinking - which considers possible impacts of a chemical at all stages including production, use, and disposal - as well as steps for performance and economic assessments. The report also highlights how modern information sources such as computational modeling can supplement traditional toxicology data in the assessment process. This new framework allows the evaluation of the full range of benefits and shortcomings of substitutes, and examination of tradeoffs between these risks and factors such as product functionality, product efficacy, process safety, and resource use. Through case studies, this report demonstrates how different users in contrasting decision contexts with diverse priorities can apply the framework. This report will be an essential resource to the chemical industry, environmentalists, ecologists, and state and local governments.
Author : C.J. van Leeuwen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792337409
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (374 download)
Download or read book Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction written by C.J. van Leeuwen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-10-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years many developments have taken place in promote co-operation between governments and other the field of risk assessment of chemicals. Many reports parties involved in chemical safety and to provide policy have been published by national authorities, industries guidance with emphasis on regional and subregional co and scientific researchers as well as by international bod operation. The Inter-Organization Programme for the ies such as the European Union, the Organization of Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was estab Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and lished in 1995 and provides a mechanism for the six par the joint International Programme on Chemical Safety ticipating organizations (UNEP, ILO, FAO, UNIDO,WHO (IPCS) of the World Health Organization (WHO), the and OECD) to better co-ordinate policies and activities in International Labour Organization (lLO), and the United the field of chemical risk management. Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The present book is an introduction to risk assessment of The development and international harmonization of risk chemicals. It contains basic background information on assessment methods is an important challenge. In sources, emissions, distribution and fate processes for Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on exposure estimation. It includes dose-effects estimation Environment and Development (UNCED), chapter 19 is for both human health related toxicology and ecotoxicol entirely devoted to the management of chemicals. For ogy as well as information on estimation methodologies. one of its recommendations, i. e.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book EPA 630/R written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Manuel C. Peitsch
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128209356
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Toxicological Evaluation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Products written by Manuel C. Peitsch and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicological Evaluation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Products (ENDP) discusses the scientific basis for the toxicological assessment and evaluation of ENDPs. The book covers aerosol chemistry, in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical studies. It provides the basis for the evaluation of short and long term-effects, along with relative risks. It also examines the potential role of ENDPs in tobacco harm reduction and how they may reduce the risk of disease in smokers who switch to them. This book is a comprehensive resource for toxicologists, health practitioners and public health professionals who want the scientific information necessary to assess the relative risk of ENDPs when compared with cigarette smoking and cessation. Delivers a comprehensive overview of current state of science Offers an integrated analysis of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products Provides guidance for methodologies
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309166411
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€"both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€"if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309112982
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-12-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.
