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Torrefaction De Biomasse Lignocellulosique
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Book Synopsis Torréfaction de biomasse lignocellulosique by : Lucélia Alves de Macedo
Download or read book Torréfaction de biomasse lignocellulosique written by Lucélia Alves de Macedo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La valorisation chimique des espèces condensables issues de la torréfaction de biomasse ainsi que l'utilisation d'un gaz vecteur à faible coût, tels que les gaz de combustion, peuvent constituer des étapes importantes pour le développement du procédé de torréfaction à l'échelle industrielle. Les rendements des espèces condensables varient selon la composition de la biomasse, notamment par la présence de certains minéraux, et varient aussi en fonction de conditions opératoires telles que le gaz vecteur utilisé. Afin d'étudier l'effet du potassium sur la perte de masse de la biomasse et sur le rendement des espèces condensables, trois biomasses déminéralisées ont été imprégnées avec différentes concentrations de K2CO3 puis torréfiées à 275°C jusqu'à l'obtention d'une perte de masse cible (25 ou 30%). La torréfaction a été effectuée à la fois dans un instrument d'analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG) et dans un réacteur à l'échelle laboratoire sous azote et en présence de gaz de combustion. Des analyses ATG des biopolymères (cellulose, xylane et lignine) bruts et imprégnés avec du K ont été réalisées pour faciliter l'interprétation des résultats. La perte de masse augmente lorsque la teneur en K des biomasses augmente et, par conséquent, des temps de séjour plus courts sont suffisants pour obtenir la perte de masse cible. Cela semble être principalement le résultat du décalage de la décomposition de la cellulose vers des températures plus faibles. Les vitesses de réaction maximales sont bien plus élevées en présence de gaz de combustion car la biomasse subit des réactions d'oxydation en plus de la décomposition classique. Quelle que soit l'atmosphère, K inhibe la production d'anhydrosaccharides (levoglucosan, LAC et DGP) et de furanes (à l'exception du 2-furanmethanol). En parallèle, une augmentation substantielle du rendement en acétol est constatée. La rupture du cycle pyranose de la cellulose qui entraine la formation des produits légers est favorisée en présence de K au détriment de la dépolymérisation qui produit du levoglucosan. Le K favorise la production de 2-furanmethanol, syringol et guaiacol surtout en présence de gaz de combustion. En revanche, la production de vanilline et de syringaldéhyde est défavorisée en présence de K tandis qu'elle est fortement favorisée en présence de gaz de combustion quand la biomasse est libre de K. L'effet du K sur les rendements des espèces condensables lors de la torréfaction de la biomasse est démontré quelle que soit la nature de l'atmosphère. De plus, dans les conditions testées, l'oxygène présent dans l'atmosphère intensifie, dans une mesure plus ou moins grande, la tendance imposée par le K.
Book Synopsis Approche multi échelle de l'emballement des réactions exothermiques de torréfaction de la biomasse lignocellulosique by : Sofien Cavagnol
Download or read book Approche multi échelle de l'emballement des réactions exothermiques de torréfaction de la biomasse lignocellulosique written by Sofien Cavagnol and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La torréfaction est une étape nécessaire pour la production de gazoles à partir de biomasse lignocellulosique par voie thermochimique (chaîne Biomass To Liquid). Il s'agit d'un traitement thermique dans le domaine de température compris entre 200 et 300°C en milieu non oxydant ; le but de cette étape est de modifier la structure de la biomasse afin d'en faciliter le transport pneumatique après broyage. Cependant, des réactions exothermiques ont été observées et peuvent mener à un mauvais contrôle de la température au sein du réacteur et nuire à la qualité des produits, voire endommager l'installation. L'objectif de cette thèse est de quantifier la chaleur émise par les réactions exothermiques de torréfaction de la biomasse lignocellulosique, et d'en étudier les impactes lors du changement d'échelle, où les phénomènes de transfert de masse et de chaleur ne sont plus négligeables. Durant nos travaux, des mesures de perte de masse et de flux de chaleur ont été réalisées à l'échelle de la poudre (microparticule) sur trois types d'essence de bois (robinier, épicéa et eucalyptus) ainsi que sur les principaux constituants de la matière lignocellulosique (cellulose, xylane, glucomannane et lignine). Un modèle cinétique capable de reproduire la perte de masse ainsi que le flux de chaleur généré par les réactions exothermiques, a été développé. Il utilise le concept de distribution d'énergie d'activation. Tous les paramètres du modèle ont été identifiés par méthode inverse sur un ensemble de tests isothermes d'une durée de 10 heures. Cela permet de proposer des paramètres cinétiques robustes et des valeurs fiables d'énergie d'activation. Par la suite, des mesures de température pendant des essais de torréfaction sur des planches de bois (méso-échelle) et sur un lit fixe de particules (échelle macroscopique) ont permis de mesurer la propagation d'une onde thermique générée par les réactions exothermiques. Une modélisation macroscopique qui intègre le modèle cinétique développé permet de propager l'effet des réactions exothermiques à l'échelle de la macro particule. L'analyse de l'ensemble des résultats permet de mettre en exergue l'importance de l'échelle lit sur l'emballement thermique observé expérimentalement. L'ensemble du travail, mené à différentes échelles spatiales et complété par une analyse permettant de relier ces échelles entre-elles, constitue une avancée significative vers la prédiction de l'exothermicité de la torréfaction afin d'assurer la sécurité et la faisabilité à l'échelle industrielle.
Book Synopsis Torrefaction of biomass by : Laura González Fernández
Download or read book Torrefaction of biomass written by Laura González Fernández and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy; ICoBiomasSE 2023; 4–5 September; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by : Hui Lin Ong
Download or read book Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy; ICoBiomasSE 2023; 4–5 September; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia written by Hui Lin Ong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Torrefaction of Biomass for Energy Applications by : Leonel JR Nunes
Download or read book Torrefaction of Biomass for Energy Applications written by Leonel JR Nunes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Torrefaction of Biomass for Energy Applications: From Fundamentals to Industrial Scale explores the processes, technology, end-use, and economics involved in torrefaction at the industrial scale for heat and power generation. Its authors combine their industry experience with their academic expertise to provide a thorough overview of the topic. Starting at feedstock pretreatment, followed by torrefaction processes, the book includes plant design and operation, safety aspects, and case studies focusing on the needs and challenges of the industrial scale. Commercially available technologies are examined and compared, and their economical evaluation and life cycle assessment are covered as well. Attention is also given to non-woody feedstock, alternative applications, derived fuels, recent advances, and expected future developments. For its practical approach, this book is ideal for professionals in the biomass industry, including those in heat and power generation. It is also a useful reference for researchers and graduate students in the area of biomass and biofuels, and for decision makers, policy makers, and analysts in the energy field. Compares efficiency and performance of different commercially available technologies from the practical aspects of daily operation in an industrial scale plant Presents a cost analysis of the production, logistics, and storage of torrefied biomass Includes case studies addressing challenges that may occur in the daily operation in an industrial scale plant Covers other associated technologies, the densification of torrefied biomass, and non-woody feedstock
Book Synopsis Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Products by : Mihir Kumar Purkait
Download or read book Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Products written by Mihir Kumar Purkait and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Products: Fundamental Strategies and Technological Advancements focuses on fundamental and advanced topics surrounding technologies for the conversion process of lignocellulosic biomass. Each and every concept related to the utilization of biomass in the process of conversion is elaborately explained, with importance given to minute details. Advanced level technologies involved in the conversion of biomass into biofuels, like bioethanol and biobutanol, are addressed, along with the process of pyrolysis. Readers of this book will become fully acquainted with the field of lignocellulosic conversion, from its basics to current research accomplishments. The uniqueness of the book lies in the fact that it covers each and every topic related to biomass and its conversion into value-added products. Technologies involved in the major areas of pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation are explained precisely. Additional emphasis is given to the analytical part, especially the established protocols for rapid and accurate quantification of total sugars obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. Includes chapters arranged in a flow-through manner Discusses mechanistic insights in different phenomena using colorful figures for quick understanding Provides the most up-to-date information on all aspects of the conversion of individual components of lignocellulosic biomass
Book Synopsis Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass) by : Martin Kaltschmitt
Download or read book Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass) written by Martin Kaltschmitt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference is a state-of-the-art survey of biomass as an energy carrier for the provision of heat, electricity, and transportation fuel, considering technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects. On a global scale, biomass contributes roughly 12 to 16 % of the energy needed to cover the overall primary energy consumption. Thus far, it is humanity’s most important source of renewable energy, used on practically all continents and growing in importance even in industrialized nations. With detailed coverage of the production of solid, gaseous and liquid fuels, as well as a final energy provision, this volume serves as an introduction for readers just entering the field, but also offers new insights, up-to-date information, as well as latest findings for advanced researchers, industry experts, and decision makers.
Book Synopsis Advances in Solid State Fermentation by : S. Roussos
Download or read book Advances in Solid State Fermentation written by S. Roussos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G.HAINNAUX Departement Milieu et Activites Agricoles, Centre ORSTOM, 911 Avenue d' Agropolis, B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex , France. Solid state fermentation, popularly abbreviated as SSF, is currently investigated by many groups throughout the world. The study of this technique was largely neglected in the past in European and Western countries and there is now a high demand for SSF, meaning in food, environment, agricultural, phannaceutical and many other biotechnological applications. It gives me satisfaction to note that the importance of this technique was realised at my department way back in 1975 since then, our team has put concentrated efforts on developing this technique. xvii Foreword Advances in Solid State Fermentation Foreword M. PUYGRENIER Agropolis Valorisation, Avenue d' Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. On the name of the Scientific Community, I would like to express the wish that this International Symposium on SSF should be successful. Solid State Fermentation is part of biotechnology research. It consists on seeding solid culture medium with bacteria or fungi (filamentous or higher) and on producing, in this medium (solid components and exudates) metabolites and high value products. In fact, this process is very old. In older industries such the food and agricultural, this technique has been extensively used. An example of this is the production of pork sausages and Roquefort cheese. Pharmaceutical industry could make extensive use of SSF in the production of secondary metabolites of many kinds and development in this direction is soon expected.
Download or read book Bioeconomy written by Iris Lewandowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-11 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book defines the new field of "Bioeconomy" as the sustainable and innovative use of biomass and biological knowledge to provide food, feed, industrial products, bioenergy and ecological services. The chapters highlight the importance of bioeconomy-related concepts in public, scientific, and political discourse. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the authors outline the dimensions of the bioeconomy as a means of achieving sustainability. The authors are ideally situated to elaborate on the diverse aspects of the bioeconomy. They have acquired in-depth experience of interdisciplinary research through the university’s focus on “Bioeconomy”, its contribution to the Bioeconomy Research Program of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, and its participation in the German Bioeconomy Council. With the number of bioeconomy-related projects at European universities rising, this book will provide graduate students and researchers with background information on the bioeconomy. It will familiarize scientific readers with bioeconomy-related terms and give scientific background for economists, agronomists and natural scientists alike.
Download or read book Biokerosene written by Martin Kaltschmitt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed overview of aspects related to the overall provision chain for biokerosene as part of the global civil aviation business. Starting with a review of the current market situation for aviation fuels and airplanes and their demands, it then presents in-depth descriptions of classical and especially new types of non-edible biomass feedstock suitable for biokerosene provision. Subsequent chapters discuss those fuel provision processes that are already available and those still under development based on various biomass feedstock materials, and present e.g. an overview of the current state of the art in the production of a liquid biomass-based fuel fulfilling the specifications for kerosene. Further, given the growing interest of the aviation industry and airlines in biofuels for aviation, the experiences of an air-carrier are presented. In closing, the book provides a market outlook for biokerosene. Addressing a broad range of aspects related to the pros and cons of biokerosene as a renewable fuel for aviation, the book offers a unique resource.
Book Synopsis Biomass Conversion by : Chinnappan Baskar
Download or read book Biomass Conversion written by Chinnappan Baskar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-08 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The consumption of petroleum has surged during the 20th century, at least partially because of the rise of the automobile industry. Today, fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas provide more than three quarters of the world's energy. Unfortunately, the growing demand for fossil fuel resources comes at a time of diminishing reserves of these nonrenewable resources. The worldwide reserves of oil are sufficient to supply energy and chemicals for only about another 40 years, causing widening concerns about rising oil prices. The use of biomass to produce energy is only one form of renewable energy that can be utilized to reduce the impact of energy production and use on the global environment. Biomass can be converted into three main products such as energy, biofuels and fine chemicals using a number of different processes. Today, it is a great challenge for researchers to find new environmentally benign methodology for biomass conversion, which are industrially profitable as well. This book focuses on the conversion of biomass to biofuels, bioenergy and fine chemicals with the interface of biotechnology, microbiology, chemistry and materials science. An international scientific authorship summarizes the state-of-the-art of the current research and gives an outlook on future developments.
Book Synopsis The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals by : Kostas Triantafyllidis
Download or read book The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals written by Kostas Triantafyllidis and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals describes the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals, focused primarily on the state-of-the-art catalysts and catalytic processes expected to play a decisive role in the "green" production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. In addition, the book includes general elements regarding the entire chain of biomass production, conversion, environment, economy, and life-cycle assessment. Very few books are available on catalysis in production schemes using biomass or its primary conversion products, such as bio-oil and lignin. This book fills that gap with detailed discussions of: Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass Hybrid biogasoline by co-processing in FCC units Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to biofuels (biomass-to-liquid process) Steam reforming of bio-oils to hydrogen With energy prices rapidly rising, environmental concerns growing, and regulatory apparatus evolving, this book is a resource with tutorial, research, and technological value for chemists, chemical engineers, policymakers, and students. Includes catalytic reaction mechanism schemes and gives a clear understanding of catalytic processes Includes flow diagrams of bench-, pilot- and industrial-scale catalytic processing units and demonstrates the various process technologies involved, enabling easy selection of the best process Incorporates many tables, enabling easy comparison of data based on a critical review of the available literature
Book Synopsis Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology by : Marcell Nikolausz
Download or read book Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology written by Marcell Nikolausz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Bioethanol by : Charles Wyman
Download or read book Handbook on Bioethanol written by Charles Wyman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol is a versatile transportation fuel and fuel additive that offers excellent performance and reduced air pollution compared to conventional fuels. Its production and use adds little, if any, net release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, dramatically reducing the potential for global climate change. Through a sustained research program and an emerging economic competitiveness, the technology for bioethanol production is poised for immediate widespread commercial applications. Written by engineers and scientists providing a technical focus, this handbook provides the up-to-date information needed by managers, engineers, and scientists to evaluate the technology, market, and economics of this fuel, while examining the development of production required to support its commercial use.
Book Synopsis Gasification for Synthetic Fuel Production by : R Luque
Download or read book Gasification for Synthetic Fuel Production written by R Luque and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-08-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasification involves the conversion of carbon sources without combustion to syngas, which can be used as a fuel itself or further processed to synthetic fuels. The technology provides a potentially more efficient means of energy generation than direct combustion. This book provides an overview of gasification science and engineering and the production of synthetic fuels by gasification from a variety of feedstocks. Part one introduces gasification, reviewing the scientific basis of the process and gasification engineering. Part two then addresses gasification and synthentic fuel production processes. Finally, chapters in part three outline the different applications of gasification, with chapters on the conversion of different types of feedstock. Examines the design of gasifiers, the preparation of feedstocks, and the economic, environmental and policy issues related to gasification Reviews gasification processes for liquid fuel production Outlines the different applications of gasification technology
Book Synopsis Recycling of Biomass Ashes by : Heribert Insam
Download or read book Recycling of Biomass Ashes written by Heribert Insam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-09 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of renewable bioenergy is increasing, and so is the production of associated wastes: biomass ashes. This book presents eleven chapters on the options for recycling such biomass ashes, ranging from their use as fertilizer in agriculture and forestry to their application as a supplement for the production of cement-based materials or bricks. The book also examines the pros and cons for each of the different uses of biomass ashes.
Book Synopsis Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis by : Prabir Basu
Download or read book Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis written by Prabir Basu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive coverage of the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, the key technology enabling the production of biofuels from all viable sources--some examples being sugar cane and switchgrass. This versatile resource not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass gasifiers. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. After fossil fuels, biomass is the most widely used fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long term if residues are properly handled and dedicated energy crops are grown. Includes step-by-step design procedures and case studies for Biomass GasificationProvides worked process flow diagrams for gasifier design. Covers integration with other technologies (e.g. gas turbine, engine, fuel cells)
