Cardiology Secrets

Download Cardiology Secrets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1455748153
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (557 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cardiology Secrets by : Glenn N. Levine

Download or read book Cardiology Secrets written by Glenn N. Levine and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get quick answers to the most important clinical questions with Cardiology Secrets! Using the popular and trusted Secret Series(R) Q&A format, this easy-to-read cardiology book provides rapid access to the practical, "in-the-trenches" know-how you need to succeed both in practice, and on cardiology board and recertification exams. Get the evidence-based guidance you need to provide optimal care for your patients with cardiac heart diseases. Explore effective solutions to a full range of clinical issues including the general examination, diagnostic procedures, arrhythmias, symptoms and disease states, valvular heart disease, cardiovascular pharmacology, and other medical conditions with associated cardiac involvement. Zero in on key information with bulleted lists, mnemonics, practical tips from the leading cardiologists, and "Key Points" boxes that provide a concise overview of important board-relevant content. Review essential material efficiently with the "Top 100 Secrets in Cardiology" - perfect for last-minute study or self-assessment. Apply all the latest advances in clinical cardiology techniques, technology, and pharmacology. Access the complete text and illustrations online at Expert Consult, fully searchable.

Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases

Download Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 9783764385309
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (853 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases written by and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation has become one of the most exciting and rewarding areas of medical research. Recent years have seen a revolution in our understanding of how blood and tissue cells interact and of the intracellular mechanisms controlling their activation. This has revealed the underlying inflammatory pathology of many diseases and provided multiple new targets for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy. The Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases will cover the following areas: Inflammatory Processes and Cells Inflammatory Diseases Mediators of Inflammation Pharmacology of Inflammation Since inflammatory diseases and their therapy cover a broad range of scientific and medical fields, the encyclopedia will be co-edited by four international experts, a clinician and three researchers from the disciplines of immunology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, in this way providing students, basic and clinical scientists and practitioners in academia, hospitals and industry with valuable interlinked information. This living project will serve as a reliable and comprehensive data pool for everybody working in inflammation research. Owing to its dynamic nature, it will grow with time and future editions, becoming an indispensible source of information for academia, clinical practitioners and industry.

Mosaic of Autoimmunity

Download Mosaic of Autoimmunity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012814307X
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mosaic of Autoimmunity by : Carlo Perricone

Download or read book Mosaic of Autoimmunity written by Carlo Perricone and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mosaic of Autoimmunity: The Novel Factors of Autoimmune Diseases describes the multifactorial origin and diversity of expression of autoimmune diseases in humans. The term implies that different combinations of factors in autoimmunity produce varying and unique clinical pictures in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Most of the factors involved in autoimmunity can be categorized into four groups: genetic, immune defects, hormonal and environmental factors. In this book, the environmental factors are reviewed, including infectious agents, vaccines as triggers of autoimmunity, smoking and its relationship with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid disease, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases. An entirely new syndrome, the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA), is also included, along with other diseases that are now recognized as having an autoimmune etiopathogenesis. Highlights the concept of the mosaic of autoimmune manifestations Includes new visions on unsuspected molecules Provides updated knowledge to physicians helping patients with autoimmune diseases Presents thorough, up-to-date information on specific diseases, along with clinical applications

TNF-alpha Inhibitors

Download TNF-alpha Inhibitors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3764374381
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (643 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis TNF-alpha Inhibitors by : Jeffrey M. Weinberg

Download or read book TNF-alpha Inhibitors written by Jeffrey M. Weinberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-08 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the development, pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of the currently available TNF-alpha inhibitors. It is the first volume that summarizes this material for all available TNF-alpha inhibitors. Elevated levels of TNF-alpha have been demonstrated in Crohn's disease, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting a role for TNF-alpha in their pathogenesis. The most recent preclinical and clinical data is presented in this book.

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition

Download Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464956731
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition by :

Download or read book Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors in a compact format. The editors have built Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition

Download Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481609726
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors in a concise format. The editors have built Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Biologics in General Medicine

Download Biologics in General Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540290176
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biologics in General Medicine by : W.-H. Boehncke

Download or read book Biologics in General Medicine written by W.-H. Boehncke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to cover every angle in the clinical application of biologics. Readers will not only find that all of the biologics currently approved for clinical use are delineated in a standardized way, but also the "differential therapy" with biologics in fields including dermatology and neurology is described in detail and summarized in treatment algorithms. Shorter sections on biologic biotechnology as well as safety and regulatory issues complement the more clinically-oriented central chapters.

TNF Pathophysiology

Download TNF Pathophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 380559383X
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis TNF Pathophysiology by : George Kollias

Download or read book TNF Pathophysiology written by George Kollias and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TNF is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine central to the development and homeostasis of the immune system and a regulator of cell activation, differentiation and death. Recent decades have seen an enormous scientific and clinical interest in the function of TNF in physiology and disease. A vast amount of data has been accumulated at the biochemical, molecular and cellular level, establishing TNF as a prototype for in-depth understanding of the physiological and pathogenic functions of cytokines. This volume covers several current aspects of TNF regulation and function, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional control mechanisms, cellular modes of action, signaling networks that mediate its effect, involvement in pathogenesis and clinical outcomes of TNF antagonists. It combines basic science at the molecular and cellular level with research in animal models of disease and clinical findings to provide a comprehensive review of recent developments in TNF biology. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which this key molecular player is produced and functions to regulate cell biology, immunity and disease postulates novel paradigms on how genes contribute to the development and physiology of biological systems.

Therapy for Severe Psoriasis E-Book

Download Therapy for Severe Psoriasis E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323447988
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Therapy for Severe Psoriasis E-Book by : Jashin J. Wu

Download or read book Therapy for Severe Psoriasis E-Book written by Jashin J. Wu and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brand-new title in the field of dermatology, Therapy for Severe Psoriasis provides the ultimate coverage of the treatment options available for today's most serious cases, including biologics and oral therapies. It features discussions of the newest drug therapies, recent FDA-approved biosimilars, and combination approaches to care, while an overview chapter was designed to aid those new to the field in understanding the nuances of difficult-to-treat subtypes of psoriasis. Comprehensive and focused, Therapy for Severe Psoriasis will be a welcome addition to the library of any dermatologist seeking in-depth information on the challenges of this condition. - Each of the 16 chapters includes either an in-depth focus on a single therapy or an overview of a unique aspect of psoriasis, including: UVB therapy, methotrexate, acitretin, cyclosporine, apremilast, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, ustekinumab, secukinumab, and ixekizumab. - Takes an evidence-based approach to hard-to-treat severe psoriasis. - Discusses the newest drug therapies (such as ixekizumab), plus recent FDA-approved biosimilars, a topic unique to this particular psoriasis text. - Presents combination approaches for instances when standard treatments are not successful. - Includes an overview chapter to help beginners understand the nuances of the disorder.

Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women E-Book

Download Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323508707
Total Pages : 1300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women E-Book by : Carl P. Weiner

Download or read book Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women E-Book written by Carl P. Weiner and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 1300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logically organized and easy to use, Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women, 3rd Edition, is your #1 resource for details on how virtually all of today’s drugs and herbal supplements interact with pregnancy and lactation. More than just a dosing manual, this unique title by Dr. Carl P. Weiner fully explains whether each drug is FDA-approved for use by expecting or nursing mothers, is known to be safe for use, or is known to pose a danger. With up-to-date coverage of nearly 2,000 substances, it provides the thorough details you need to choose the most effective course of treatment. Uses a consistent, easy-to-follow format for each substance: generic and trade name • class • indications • mechanism of action • dosage, with contraindications and cautions • maternal considerations • fetal considerations • drug interactions • breastfeeding safety • references • and summary information. Describes over-the-counter drugs and alternative medications as well as prescription drugs. Uses an eye-catching icon to highlight known teratogens. Includes international drug names to give this reference a global perspective. Features new letter thumb tabs for easier navigation. Includes dozens of new drugs and thorough updates throughout.

Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus and Related Syndromes - E-Book

Download Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus and Related Syndromes - E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323550649
Total Pages : 848 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus and Related Syndromes - E-Book by : Daniel J. Wallace

Download or read book Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus and Related Syndromes - E-Book written by Daniel J. Wallace and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 50 years, Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus and Related Syndromes has been recognized internationally as the go-to clinical reference on lupus and other connective tissue diseases. From basic scientific principles to practical points of clinical management, the updated 9th Edition provides extensive, authoritative coverage of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its related diseases in a logical, clearly written, user-friendly manner. It's an ideal resource for rheumatologists and internal medicine practitioners who need a comprehensive clinical reference on all aspects of SLE, connective tissue diseases, and the antiphospholipid syndromes. - Provides complete clinical coverage of every aspect of cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus, including definitions, pathogenesis, autoantibodies, clinical and laboratory features, management, prognosis, and patient education. - Contains an up-to-date overview of significant advances in cellular, molecular, and genetic technologies, including genetic advancements in identifying at-risk patients. - Offers an increased focus on the clinical management of related disorders such as Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). - Presents the knowledge and expertise of more international contributors to provide new global perspectives on manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. - Features a vibrant, full-color format, with graphs, algorithms, differential diagnosis comparisons, and more schematic diagrams throughout.

Adverse Reactions to Biologics

Download Adverse Reactions to Biologics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318061018
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Adverse Reactions to Biologics by : L. Puig

Download or read book Adverse Reactions to Biologics written by L. Puig and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many areas of medicine physicians still face the great challenge of finding therapies that will meet the patients’ needs. In dermatology the challenge has arisen on multiple fronts through advances in the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of many inflammatory and malignant cutaneous disorders. Breakthroughs, combined with significant developments in targeted immunotherapy, have resulted in improved outcomes as these newer therapies are being used for both approved indications and as off-label therapies for various chronic inflammatory skin disorders and many forms of skin cancer. In the expectation that by truly understanding the safety profile of these targeted therapies patients’ outcomes will be significantly improved, this book offers insights into topics such as adverse reactions, infectious complications and the perioperative use of biologics in psoriasis, immunogenicity of biologic therapies, paradoxical reactions, safety of biologics used to treat autoimmune bullous diseases and primary cutaneous lymphomas, adverse reactions and skin manifestations of therapies targeting melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer and other neoplastic diseases. Eminent researchers with extensive clinical experience have contributed to this publication, providing an in-depth overview of the latest knowledge in this field.

Treatment of Non-infectious Uveitis

Download Treatment of Non-infectious Uveitis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030228274
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Treatment of Non-infectious Uveitis by : Phoebe Lin

Download or read book Treatment of Non-infectious Uveitis written by Phoebe Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-12 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique, comprehensive book provides a much-needed reference on the treatment and management of non-infectious uveitis. Carefully designed, Treatment of Non-infectious Uveitis is the first book of its kind to provide an in-depth, clinically-relevant, expert-driven resource for ophthalmologists focusing on modalities of uveitis treatment, their mechanism of action, dosing, and side effects. Each chapter provides an introduction, mechanism of action, indication, dosage, side effects, and efficacy summaries from clinical trials and other published literature. Topics range from topical treatment, to locally administered therapy including drug-releasing implants, to systemic immunosuppressive treatments both tried and new, as well as surgical management, with each chapter highlighting important practice pearls as well as easy-reference dosing tables, side effects, and lab monitoring pertinent to the agents discussed. The book concludes with a discussion of novel approaches to the treatment of non-infectious uveitis, and special considerations when treating uveitis in the pediatric patient. The majority of patients with non-infectious uveitis are treated by comprehensive ophthalmologists, many of whom are less familiar with established treatment guidelines outlining the role of corticosteroids and immunomodulatory therapy. While the non-specialist, resident, or fellow is sure to benefit from this one-stop guide to uveitis treatment, retina and uveitis specialists alike will also appreciate the practice tips and thorough coverage of this expertly-written reference. Treatment of Non-infectious Uveitis is the ideal reference for all ophthalmologists who seek to improve their understanding of the causes of uveitis and learn how to best treat this condition.

Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Download Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461450616
Total Pages : 573 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease by : Petar Mamula

Download or read book Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease written by Petar Mamula and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Second Edition provides an essential reference with an emphasis on the unique pediatric issues of IBD. Chapters focus on complications of IBD specific to children and adolescents. Treatment recommendations are based on the latest clinical research available. The textbook also presents sections dedicated to the aspects of participation in clinical research unique to children and adolescents and the complicated yet vital process of successfully transitioning a patient from a pediatric to adult specialist. Controversies in pediatric IBD care such as the off-label use of medications are also covered. The format incorporates multiple tables, graphs, and figures to improve readability and make for an efficient reference for clinicians to use. Thoroughly revised and updated from the first edition, the volumes includes new therapies that are currently being used or tested for treatment of IBD, important areas regarding incidence and prevalence, immunization and response to vaccine administration as well as advancements in our understanding of growth and development with particular to the use of growth hormone therapy. Other new areas covered include important topics of complementary and alternative medicine use in IBD, immunization, and liver disease in IBD. Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Second Edition is a valuable resource for pediatric gastroenterologists as well as adult gastroenterologists.

Moderate to Severe Psoriasis, Fourth Edition

Download Moderate to Severe Psoriasis, Fourth Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482215160
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Moderate to Severe Psoriasis, Fourth Edition by : John Y. M. Koo

Download or read book Moderate to Severe Psoriasis, Fourth Edition written by John Y. M. Koo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in the dermatology field, this new fourth edition of Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis discusses the current use of biologics and other pharmacologic and phototherapy treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Illustrated with high quality color figures, this standalone text emphasizes safe and effective treatments for the psoriasis patient that are perfect for the dermatologist in daily practice. New to this edition are chapters on day treatment programs, new agents, erythrodermic and pustular psoriasis, special populations, and pharmacogenetics.

Therapeutic Antibodies

Download Therapeutic Antibodies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540732587
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Therapeutic Antibodies by : Yuti Chernajovsky

Download or read book Therapeutic Antibodies written by Yuti Chernajovsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential work, edited by two researchers at London’s famous Queen Mary’s medical school targets one of the most important areas in medical development today. These days, antibody therapeutics are the treatment of choice for several autoimmune and oncological conditions. They are, indeed, becoming the molecules of choice for further combination therapies and cell engineering. In this timely work, a slew of expert in the field of drug development summarize all the current developments and clinical successes.

Immunogenicity of Proteins Used as Therapeutics

Download Immunogenicity of Proteins Used as Therapeutics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889662888
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Immunogenicity of Proteins Used as Therapeutics by : Amy Rosenberg

Download or read book Immunogenicity of Proteins Used as Therapeutics written by Amy Rosenberg and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-28 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topic Editor Susan Richards is an employee of Sanofi and owns stock in the corporation. Topic Editor Bernard Maillere declares economic support from pharmaceutical companies (Novartis, Sanofi, and UCB) in the frame of collaborations aiming to evaluate the recognition by human T cells of therapeutic proteins and antibodies.