Time Chance And Reduction

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Time, Chance, and Reduction

Author : Gerhard Ernst
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521884012
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Time, Chance, and Reduction by : Gerhard Ernst

Download or read book Time, Chance, and Reduction written by Gerhard Ernst and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-21 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical mechanics attempts to explain the behaviour of macroscopic physical systems in terms of the mechanical properties of their constituents. Although it is one of the fundamental theories of physics, it has received little attention from philosophers of science. Nevertheless, it raises philosophical questions of fundamental importance on the nature of time, chance and reduction. Most philosophical issues in this domain relate to the question of the reduction of thermodynamics to statistical mechanics. This book addresses issues inherent in this reduction: the time-asymmetry of thermodynamics and its absence in statistical mechanics; the role and essential nature of chance and probability in this reduction when thermodynamics is non-probabilistic; and how, if at all, the reduction is possible. Compiling contributions on current research by experts in the field, this is an invaluable survey of the philosophy of statistical mechanics for academic researchers and graduate students interested in the foundations of physics.

Time, Chance, and Reduction

Author : Gerhard Ernst
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139485431
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Time, Chance, and Reduction by : Gerhard Ernst

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Social Science

Author : Harold Kincaid
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195392752
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Social Science by : Harold Kincaid

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Social Science written by Harold Kincaid and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The philosophy of the social sciences considers the underlying explanatory powers of the social (or human) sciences, such as history, economics, anthropology, politics, and sociology. The type of questions covered includes the methodological (the nature of observations, laws, theories, and explanations) to the ontological — whether or not these sciences can explain human nature in a way consistent with common-sense beliefs. This Handbook is a major, comprehensive look at the key ideas in the field, is guided by several principles. The first is that the philosophy of social science should be closely connected to, and informed by, developments in the sciences themselves. The second is that the volume should appeal to practicing social scientists as well as philosophers, with the contributors being both drawn from both ranks, and speaking to ongoing controversial issues in the field. Finally, the volume promotes connections across the social sciences, with greater internal discussion and interaction across disciplinary boundaries.

Agricultural Pollution

Author : Graham Merrington
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415273404
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (734 download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Pollution by : Graham Merrington

Download or read book Agricultural Pollution written by Graham Merrington and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive text provides a concise overview of environmental problems caused by agriculture, (such as pesticide pollution and increased nitrate levels) and offers practical solutions to them. It is well illustrated and contains a fully-referenced introduction to the main contemporary agricultural pollution issues in the UK. It will help provide clear, scientific and technical understanding of the most important sources of agricultural pollution.

Jonathan Edwards' Concerning The End for Which God Created the World

Author : Walter J. Schultz
Publisher : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
ISBN 13 : 3647564869
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis Jonathan Edwards' Concerning The End for Which God Created the World by : Walter J. Schultz

Download or read book Jonathan Edwards' Concerning The End for Which God Created the World written by Walter J. Schultz and published by Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an exposition of Jonathan Edwards' argumentation in his dissertation Concerning the End for Which God Created the World. In addition to stating Edwards' theses regarding God's end and motivation in creation, this book identifies and discusses the assumptions of his argumentation, analyses and explains its crucial components, and explores its philosophical implications. These implications include a version of exemplarism (i.e., the nature of God's ideas for creation), dispositionalism (i.e., the characteristics of God which explain God's motivation), and emanationism (i.e., what God shares of himself with persons who have a living faith in Christ). These entail a view of idealism (i.e., a view of the ultimate ontological ground of the universe), God's temporal nature, continuous creationism (i.e., how God sustains creation), a version of panentheism (i.e., how God, who is infinite, is related to creation, from which God is absolutely distinct), and occasionalism (i.e., the nature of causation of physical events or states of creation). These concepts and what they entail constitute a complete metaphysical system, providing a thoroughgoing divine action understanding of the foundation of reality. For Jonathan Edwards, God's acting according to his plans for his purposes in Christ is fundamental to all things. Were we to have an understanding of how the fundamental concepts of science, mathematics, and ordinary experience are related in reality to the God who acts for his original ultimate end in creation, sustaining the universe, while providentially guiding its affairs, and working redemption, we would have the opportunity to develop these as he had hoped, he pointed the way for others to follow.

Evapo-transpiration Reduction

Author : United States. Department of the Interior
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 856 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Evapo-transpiration Reduction by : United States. Department of the Interior

Download or read book Evapo-transpiration Reduction written by United States. Department of the Interior and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Disaster Risk Reduction in Agriculture

Author : Mukhtar Ahmed
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819917638
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Disaster Risk Reduction in Agriculture by : Mukhtar Ahmed

Download or read book Disaster Risk Reduction in Agriculture written by Mukhtar Ahmed and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-02 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is related to disaster risk reduction in agriculture particularly under changing climate. Climate change refers to significant, long-term changes in the global climate. There is unequivocal evidence that Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate. Human activity is the principal cause. The planets average surface temperature has risen to about 1oC since the late 19th century and most of the warming occurred in the past 40 years. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on the record. Similarly, other evidence of rapid climate change includes warming of oceans, shrinking of ice sheets, retreating glaciers, decreasing snow cover, rising of sea level, declining artic sea ice, increased frequency of extreme events, ocean acidification and loss of biodiversity. Hence, climate change impacts, both extreme weather and slow-onset events, have impacted several sectors of the national economies and activities, in particular agriculture and food production, augmented by other challenges be it geopolitical, cost of finance or supply chain related, and in a time of increased food insecurity. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Hence this book is useful as a study material to teach in the field of agriculture and climate change. The book is useful for instructors and postgraduate as well as undergraduate students involved in the study of climate change. The book also provide guidance to multiple stakeholders to design mitigation and adaptation efforts to climate change and ensure food security in the developing world.

Michigan Manufacturer & Financial Record

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1130 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Michigan Manufacturer & Financial Record by :

Download or read book Michigan Manufacturer & Financial Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Stay safe and be prepared: a student's guide to disaster risk reduction

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO
ISBN 13 : 9231000314
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Stay safe and be prepared: a student's guide to disaster risk reduction by : UNESCO

Download or read book Stay safe and be prepared: a student's guide to disaster risk reduction written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2014-11-24 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

San Rafael Canal, Marin County Shoreline Study, Tidal Flood Damage Reduction

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 904 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis San Rafael Canal, Marin County Shoreline Study, Tidal Flood Damage Reduction by :

Download or read book San Rafael Canal, Marin County Shoreline Study, Tidal Flood Damage Reduction written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chance in Biology

Author : Mark Denny
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691094942
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance in Biology by : Mark Denny

Download or read book Chance in Biology written by Mark Denny and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002-09-23 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is a chancy proposition: from the movement of molecules to the age at which we die, chance plays a key role in the natural world. Traditionally, biologists have viewed the inevitable "noise" of life as an unfortunate complication. The authors of this book, however, treat random processes as a benefit. In this introduction to chance in biology, Mark Denny and Steven Gaines help readers to apply the probability theory needed to make sense of chance events--using examples from ocean waves to spiderwebs, in fields ranging from molecular mechanics to evolution. Through the application of probability theory, Denny and Gaines make predictions about how plants and animals work in a stochastic universe. Is it possible to pack a variety of ion channels into a cell membrane and have each operate at near-peak flow? Why are our arteries rubbery? The concept of a random walk provides the necessary insight. Is there an absolute upper limit to human life span? Could the sound of a cocktail party burst your eardrums? The statistics of extremes allows us to make the appropriate calculations. How long must you wait to see the detail in a moonlit landscape? Can you hear the noise of individual molecules? The authors provide answers to these and many other questions. After an introduction to the basic statistical methods to be used in this book, the authors emphasize the application of probability theory to biology rather than the details of the theory itself. Readers with an introductory background in calculus will be able to follow the reasoning, and sets of problems, together with their solutions, are offered to reinforce concepts. The use of real-world examples, numerous illustrations, and chapter summaries--all presented with clarity and wit--make for a highly accessible text. By relating the theory of probability to the understanding of form and function in living things, the authors seek to pique the reader's curiosity about statistics and provide a new perspective on the role of chance in biology.

Reduction of Individual Income Taxes

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 678 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduction of Individual Income Taxes by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance

Download or read book Reduction of Individual Income Taxes written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program by :

Download or read book National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reducing the Public Debt

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing the Public Debt by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations

Download or read book Reducing the Public Debt written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers H.R. 1337 and related bills, to amend Budget and Accounting Act to make mandatory, except in time of war, two yearly reductions in national debt.

H.R. 3310, Small Business Paperwork Reduction Act Amendments of 1998

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis H.R. 3310, Small Business Paperwork Reduction Act Amendments of 1998 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs

Download or read book H.R. 3310, Small Business Paperwork Reduction Act Amendments of 1998 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reduction of Retirement Benefits Due to Social Security Increases

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Employment and Retirement Incomes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1398 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduction of Retirement Benefits Due to Social Security Increases by : United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Employment and Retirement Incomes

Download or read book Reduction of Retirement Benefits Due to Social Security Increases written by United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Employment and Retirement Incomes and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essential Readings in Light Metals, Volume 2, Aluminum Reduction Technology

Author : Geoff Bearne
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319481568
Total Pages : 1124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Essential Readings in Light Metals, Volume 2, Aluminum Reduction Technology by : Geoff Bearne

Download or read book Essential Readings in Light Metals, Volume 2, Aluminum Reduction Technology written by Geoff Bearne and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ONE OF A FOUR-BOOK COLLECTION SPOTLIGHTING CLASSIC ARTICLES Landmark research findings and reviews in aluminum reduction technology Highlighting some of the most important findings and insights reported over the past five decades, this volume features many of the best original research papers and reviews on aluminum reduction technology published from 1963 to 2011. Papers have been organized into seven themes: 1. Fundamentals 2. Modeling 3. Design 4. Operations 5. Control 6. Environmental 7. Alternative processes The first six themes deal with conventional Hall-Héroult electrolytic reduction technology, whereas the last theme features papers dedicated to nonconventional processes. Each section begins with a brief introduction and ends with a list of recommended articles for further reading, enabling researchers to explore each subject in greater depth. The papers for this volume were selected from among some 1,500 Light Metals articles. Selection was based on a rigorous review process. Among the papers, readers will find breakthroughs in science as well as papers that have had a major impact on technology. In addition, there are expert reviews summarizing our understanding of key topics at the time of publication. From basic research to advanced applications, the articles published in this volume collectively represent a complete overview of aluminum reduction technology. It will enable students, scientists, and engineers to trace the history of aluminum reduction technology and bring themselves up to date with the current state of the technology.