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![Download Tidal Winds in the Lower Ionosphere [by] E.S. Batten PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/DklDcgAACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Author : E. S. Batten
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (639 download)
Download or read book Tidal Winds in the Lower Ionosphere [by] E.S. Batten written by E. S. Batten and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : E. S. Batten
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Tidal Winds in the Lower Ionosphere written by E. S. Batten and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many ionospheric phenomena are coupled to the neutral air motions. In particular, tidal motions in the E-region are considered to be the source of the solar daily variation (Sq) of the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the electric fields produced by the tidal motions may affect the morphology of the F-layer. Thus a description of the tidal winds in the E-region is desirable. However, observations of winds, primarily from meteor-trail and vapor-trail drifts, are available at only a few locations and, in the case of vapor trails, only during the night hours. Further, the interpretation of these observations have produced an inconsistent description of the tides. Therefore, to improve the description of neutral air motions in the E-layer, tidal winds have been computed from theory. To do this, the effects of dissipation and thermal excitation in the thermosphere are considered. Possible forms of dissipation are molecular heat conduction and viscosity, turbulence, and ion drag. Thermospheric excitation may be due to heating by absorption of solar radiation, particle precipitation, and dissipative mechanisms. In this paper, the effects of heat conductivity and the absorption of solar radiation in the thermosphere are added to the existing tidal theory. (Author).
Author : E. S. Batten
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Tidal Winds in the Mesosphere and Ionosphere written by E. S. Batten and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hans Volland
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400928610
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Tidal and Planetary Waves written by Hans Volland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the space age, meteorologists rarely paid particular attention to the height regions above the tropopause. What was known about the upper atmosphere above about 100 km came essentially from ionospheric and geomagnetic research. The region in between, presently known as the middle atmosphere, was almost terra incognita above the height reachable by balloons. It was space research that allowed for the first time direct access to middle and upper atmospheric heights. About 40 years ago, Sidney Chapman coined a new word 'aeronomy' to describe the study of these two height regions. When asked about the difference between aeronomy and meteorology, he allegedly replied: 'it is the same as between astronomy and astrology' . This mild irony indicates the preferred prejudice of many ionospheric physicists and geomagneticians in those days toward meteorology as a descriptive rather than an exact science, in spite of the presence of such giants as Carl Rossby and Hans Ertel.
Author : Mangalathayil Ali Abdu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400703260
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere written by Mangalathayil Ali Abdu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-26 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a multi-author treatise on the most outstanding research problems in the field of the aeronomy of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere, encompassing the science covered by Division II of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). It contains several review articles and detailed papers by leading scientists in the field. The book is organized in five parts: 1) Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Dynamics and Chemistry; 2) Vertical Coupling by Upward Propagating Waves; 3) Ionospheric Electrodynamics and Structuring; 4) Thermosphere- Ionosphere Coupling, Dynamics and Trends and 5) Ionosphere-Thermosphere Disturbances and Modeling. The book consolidates the progress achieved in the field in recent years and it serves as a useful reference for graduate students as well as experienced researchers.
Author : S. Chapman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401033994
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Tides written by S. Chapman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone is familiar with the daily changes of air temperature. The barometer shows that these are accompanied by daily changes of mass distribution of the atmosphere, and consequently with daily motions of the air. In the tropics the daily pressure change is evident on the barographs; in temperate and higher latitudes it is not noticeable, being overwhelmed by cyclonic and anticyclonic pressure variations. There too, however, the daily change can be found by averaging the variations over many days; and the same process suffices to show that there is a still smaller lunar tide in the atmosphere, first sought by Laplace. Throughout nearly two centuries these 'tides', thermal and gravitational, have been extensively discussed in the periodical literature of science, although they are very minor phenomena at ground level. This monograph summarizes our present knowledge and theoretical under standing of them. It is more than twenty years since the appearance of the one previous monograph on them - by Wilkes - and nearly a decade since they were last comprehensively reviewed, by Siebert. The intervening years have seen many additions to our know ledge of the state of the upper atmosphere, and of the tides there, on the basis of measurements by radio, rockets and satellites.
Author : R. M. Johnson
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 : 0875900445
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (759 download)
Download or read book The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere written by R. M. Johnson and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1995-01-09 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 87. This volume provides a review of progress made in recent years in experimental and theoretical investigation of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere and coupling between these regions and the ionosphere. Detailed study of the mesosphere/lower thermosphere/ionosphere (MLTI) region has historically been difficult because of its relative inaccessibility to direct measurement techniques and the complex and highly coupled processes which occur there. Although we have still not successfully unraveled all these complex interactions, we have made significant recent progress toward a fuller understanding of the basic state of the MLTI and of the dominant wave and coupling processes. This monograph includes a set of tutorial papers, which review our current understanding of aspects of the MLTI. These tutorials are interspersed with a selection of papers describing research progress on various topics of current interest in this region. The book should therefore be useful both to the newcomer, as an introduction to this field of research, and to the more experienced researcher, providing an overview of research in progress as well as a convenient reference collection of papers describing our current understanding.
Author : R. Rüster
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642660401
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Thermospheric Winds and Their Influence on the Ionosphere written by R. Rüster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that thermospheric winds play an important role in the dynamics of the upper atmo sphere and are of major importance for the behaviour of the ionosphere. The methods of calculating these winds are discussed briefly. Comparisons of the calculated winds with observational data are carried out. Some main effects of the winds on the dynamical behaviour of the ionized as well as neutral part of the upper atmosphere are discussed. 2. Calculation of thermospheric winds The system of equations describing the dynamical behaviour of the thermosphere and the ionosphere consists of: b a neutral atmosphere ionosphere continuity equations continuity equations for different ion species and electrons equations of motion (winds) equations of motion for the different constituents (ambi polar diffusion, wind induced drifts, ~ x ~ -drifts) energy balance equations energy balance equations Due to collisions between charged and neutral particles there is an interaction between the ionized and neutral gas. Both sets of equations are coupled, therefore, by the respective drag terms. Because of the complexity of the mathematics involved in solving all equations simultaneously, different approaches have been made to solve parts of this system of differential equations under additional assumptions and restrictions. There are two general approaches: a. ) Solution of the equation of motion of the neutral atmosphere together with the ionospheric continuity equations and equations of motion of the ions.
Author : Rüdiger Rüster
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540070702
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Thermospheric Winds and Their Influence on the Ionosphere written by Rüdiger Rüster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1974 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that thermospheric winds play an important role in the dynamics of the upper atmo sphere and are of major importance for the behaviour of the ionosphere. The methods of calculating these winds are discussed briefly. Comparisons of the calculated winds with observational data are carried out. Some main effects of the winds on the dynamical behaviour of the ionized as well as neutral part of the upper atmosphere are discussed. 2. Calculation of thermospheric winds The system of equations describing the dynamical behaviour of the thermosphere and the ionosphere consists of: b a neutral atmosphere ionosphere continuity equations continuity equations for different ion species and electrons equations of motion (winds) equations of motion for the different constituents (ambi polar diffusion, wind induced drifts, ~ x ~ -drifts) energy balance equations energy balance equations Due to collisions between charged and neutral particles there is an interaction between the ionized and neutral gas. Both sets of equations are coupled, therefore, by the respective drag terms. Because of the complexity of the mathematics involved in solving all equations simultaneously, different approaches have been made to solve parts of this system of differential equations under additional assumptions and restrictions. There are two general approaches: a.) Solution of the equation of motion of the neutral atmosphere together with the ionospheric continuity equations and equations of motion of the ions.
Author : Bruce D. Springer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book The Role of Atmospheric Tidal Winds in the Production of Ionospheric Sporadic-E. written by Bruce D. Springer and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes an investigation of the interactions among atmospheric tidal winds, the earth's magnetic field, and metallic ions in the upper atmosphere (90-180 km). The results support the theory that upper atmospheric tidal winds play a critical role in the formation of ionospheric sporadic-E. The contributions of various tidal wind modes are analyzed through the use of extensive computer simulations. (Author).
Author : Bruce Douglas Springer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (273 download)
Download or read book The Role of Atmospheric Tidal Winds in the Production of Ionospheric Sporadic-E written by Bruce Douglas Springer and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 934 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 968 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. P. Mitra
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483150747
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Low Latitude Aeronomical Processes written by A. P. Mitra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low Latitude Aeronomical Processes contains the papers presented at the symposium on Low Latitude Aeronomical Processes, held in Bangalore, India in May and June 1979. The conference focuses on the discussion and exchange of scientific studies on low latitude aeronomy, of which India is one of the main practitioners. The presentations contained in the book cover areas of study in equatorial electrojet, electric field, and electric current; low latitude middle atmosphere; and low latitude ionosphere above 100 km. Trans-ionospheric propagation in the equatorial regions and stratospheric chemistry and sun-weather relationships for low latitude regions, as well as a discussion on incoherent and coherent scatter observations at low latitude, are encompassed as well. Atmospheric physicists and researchers will find this book an interesting read.
Author : J. M. Forbes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Compendium of Theoretical Atmospheric Tidal Structures written by J. M. Forbes and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solutions to the thermospheric tidal equations are described that define the extensions into the thermosphere of normalized wind and temperature structures associated with the (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), and (2,5) semidiurnal propagation tidal modes. The degree of alteration of vertical structures with latitude, and the change in horizontal shapes with height, corresponding to semi-diurnal oscillations in northerly, westerly, and vertical velocity, and to temperature in the thermosphere are examined and implications to modeling the thermosphere are discussed. Extensive figures and tables covering the 80-400 km altitude region for five levels of solar activity at 6 deg latitude increments are provided for potential users. The structures can be used to extend meteor wind (80-100 km) and partial reflection drift (60-100 km) measurements to above 100 km for consistency checks with tidal winds and temperatures from Thomson scatter measurements at possibly different latitudes, or to simultaneously fit data covering these height regions for modeling purposes.
Author : E. S. Batten
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)
Download or read book A Comparison of Tidal Theory with Lower Thermospheric Wind Observations written by E. S. Batten and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wind in the lower thermosphere is generally considered to be composed of prevailing, tidal and gravity wave components. However the observations of the wind, primarily from meteor trail and vapor trail drifts, are available at only a few locations and in the case of vapor trail drifts, only during the night hours. Because of the heterogeneous nature of the data, it has not been possible to definitely specify the contribution of each of these components to the total wind. In an attempt to improve the interpretation of the observations, tidal winds are computed from theory. To do this, the effects of dissipation and excitation in the thermosphere must be considered. In this work, the effects of heat conductivity and the absorption of solar radiation in the thermosphere are added to the tidal theory. (Author).
Author : R. S. Quiroz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1935704370
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (357 download)
Download or read book Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere written by R. S. Quiroz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-07 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of the American Meteorological Society are "the development and dissemination of knowledge of meteorology in all its phases and applications, and the advancement of its professional ideals." The organization of the Society took place in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Saint Louis, Missouri, December 29, 1919, and its incorporation, at Washington, D. C., January 21, 1920. The work of the Society is carried on by the Bulletin, the Journal, and Meteorological Monographs, by papers and discussions at meetings of the Society, through the offices of the Secretary and the Executive Secretary, and by correspondence. All of the Americas are represented in the membership of the Society as well as many foreign countries.
