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Thymic Epithelial Cells New Insights Into The Essential Driving Force Of T Cell Differentiation
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Book Synopsis Thymic Epithelial Cells: New Insights into the Essential Driving Force of T-Cell Differentiation by : Marita Bosticardo
Download or read book Thymic Epithelial Cells: New Insights into the Essential Driving Force of T-Cell Differentiation written by Marita Bosticardo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Aire, microRNAs and Cell-Cell Interactions on Thymic Architecture and Induction of Tolerance by : Geraldo Aleixo Passos
Download or read book The Role of Aire, microRNAs and Cell-Cell Interactions on Thymic Architecture and Induction of Tolerance written by Geraldo Aleixo Passos and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this eBook is to bring new insights into central immune tolerance. To fulfill that, much has been discussed about the master in the regulation of tolerance, the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene the main thymus cell type that expresses this gene, the medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). It includes one Editorial and 12 other excellent contributions in the format of mini reviews or original research papers covering one or more of these aspects: promiscuous gene expression (PGE), epigenetics, miRNAs, association of the Aire gene and miRNAs, thymocyte–TEC interaction, coxsackievirus and type 1 diabetes, exosomes in the thymus, thymic crosstalk, thymic B cells, T cell development, chemokines and migration of T cells, miRNAs and the thymic atrophy, cell–cell interactions, and thymus ontogeny. Authors raised hypothesis, discuss concepts, and show open questions. The remaining important issues to resolve questions within the central tolerance research are briefly discussed below. The first mini review is authored by Olga Ucar and Kristin Rattay. They focused on the posttranscriptional control of PGE by miRNAs as well as epigenetic control involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and topology of chromosomes. These processes represent additional factors to be explored and that might regulate the expression of Aire-independent tissue restricted antigens (TRAs), which are implicated in the central tolerance. Are the Eph/ephrins important for thymocyte–TEC interaction? This issue was reviewed by Javier Garcia-Ceca and cols. The maturation of thymocytes is depending on their interaction with TECs within the thymus. Authors argue the importance of Ephs and ephrins on the intrathymic maturation of both thymic epithelial microenvironment and thymocyte maturation and on the recruitment of lymphoid progenitors into the thymus. Another stimulating mini review is authored by Hélène Michaux and cols in which they discuss the hypothesis that infection by coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) could be associated with etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Authors consider that besides their tropism to the pancreatic beta cells, CV-B4 could also involve the thymus. Once within this organ the virus might somehow perturbs central tolerance to the insulin family triggering thus autoimmune T1D. Our group contributed with a mini review focusing on cell–cell interactions within the thymus involving TECs and thymocytes and the role of the Aire gene on the induction of central tolerance throughout the modulation of TRA expression in mTECs. In addition, we discuss the recent evidence that Aire also regulate the expression of miRNAs in these cells. On its turn, the Aire-dependent miRNAs might exert control over TRAs. We raise issues that besides the transcriptional control exerted by Aire, PGE could also be being controlled through posttranscriptional mechanism involving miRNAs. A very pertinent question raised by Gabriel Skogberg and cols is on the role of exosomes on TRA presentation by TECs to thymocytes and its implication in the thymocyte selection. Exosomes may be liberated by TECs to the extracellular milieu and transport TRAs as well as MHC molecules, establishing intercellular communication to enhance antigen presentation to developing thymocytes. Authors discuss how intercellular communication via exosomes within the thymus could have consequences on TRA presentation and finally on central tolerance. The thymic crosstalk, i.e., the reciprocal control by the close contact between TECs and thymocytes, which influences the differentiation of both types of cells was elegantly reviewed by Noëlla Lopes and cols. Authors discuss the role of dendritic cells (DCs) subsets in the process of deletion of autoreactive T cells and the generation of natural Tregs and raise questions how hematopoietic cells may control the organization of the thymic medulla. Thymus is an organ composed of different cell types including TECs, DCs, macrophages among other cell types, and of course thymocytes. Recently, researchers have identified an unexpected cell type formed by B cells, which may be originated from intrathymic B lymphopoiesis or immigration from the periphery. Tomoyoshi Yamano and cols contributed with a mini review discussing the role of thymic B cells expressing MHC-II, CD80, and Aire, in the crosstalk with CD4 single positive cells. Authors raise questions how these cells might play a role as antigen presenting cells in an unpredicted way within the thymus. The regulation of T cell development is apparently well resolved; however, several unsolved questions remain. This important aspect is represented in this Research Topic through the mini review by Iris Caramalho and cols. Authors show new questions on the beginning of Treg lineage commitment, their spatial localization within the human thymus and their molecular components. Cell migration within the thymus is crucial for the central tolerance. Developing thymocytes migrate throughout the thymus being exposed initially to the cortex and then to the thymic medulla were they respectively undergo positive and negative selection. Chemokines represent key regulators for thymocyte migration. Zicheng Hu and cols argue the role of chemokines in the thymic cell migration and induction of central tolerance. Thymic atrophy during senescence is widely recognized; however, poorly understood. In addition to the atrophy due to senescence, thymus involutes in response to a variety of stimuli including microbial infections. The mouse model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection corresponds to an adequate mouse model to access this question. Leandra Linhares-Lacerda and cols show results on the role of miRNAs on regulation of chemotaxis, which contribute to a better understanding, while incites new issues, of thymic involution. Cellularity of mTECs is pivotal for cell–cell interactions within the thymus, which is required for central tolerance. Taishin Akiyama and cols argue the role of cytokines on cellularity of mTECs focusing into the molecular basis of cell–cell interactions opening perspective on the use of mathematical models for understanding these processes. Thymus morphogenesis is a central point with many open questions. The mini review authored by Arnon Dias Jurberg and cols addresses the role of the large superfamily of TGF-beta/bone morphogenetic protein ligands in the thymus morphogenesis and in T cell differentiation. This eBook provides an international and updated insight into the latest developments and open questions on the cellular and molecular bases of central tolerance induction.
Book Synopsis T-Cell Development by : Rémy Bosselut
Download or read book T-Cell Development written by Rémy Bosselut and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-08-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides simple and accessible experiment protocols to explore thymus biology. T-Cell Development: Methods and Protocols is divided into three parts presenting short reviews on T cell development, analysis strategies, protocols for cell preparation, flow cytometry analyses, and multiple aspects of thymocyte biology. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Concise and easy-to-use, T-Cell Development: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Immunosenescence by : Tamas Fulop
Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.
Download or read book Thymic Tumors written by Roger Sarrazin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Branching Morphogenesis by : Jamie Davies
Download or read book Branching Morphogenesis written by Jamie Davies and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-20 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Branching morphogenesis, the creation of branched structures in the body, is a key feature of animal and plant development. This book brings together, for the first time, expert researchers working on a variety of branching systems to present a state-of-the-art view of the mechanisms that control branching morphogenesis. Systems considered range from single cells, to blood vessel and drainage duct systems to entire body plans, and approaches range from observation through experiment to detailed biophysical modelling. The result is an integrated overview of branching.
Book Synopsis CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells: Origin, Function and Therapeutic Potential by : B. Kyewski
Download or read book CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells: Origin, Function and Therapeutic Potential written by B. Kyewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vertebrate immune system defends the organism against invading pathogens while at the same time being self-tolerant to the body’s own constituents thus preserving its integrity. Multiple mechanisms work in concert to ensure self-tolerance. Apart from purging the T cell repertoire from auto-reactive T cells via negative selection in the thymus dominant tolerance exerted by regulatory T cells plays a major role in tolerance imposition and maintenance. Among the various regulatory/suppressive cells hitherto described, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin-10 producing T regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells have been studied in most detail and are the subject of most articles in this issue. Treg, also called "natural" regulatory T cells, will be traced from their intra-thymic origin to the site of their action in peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues. The repertoire of Treg is clearly biased towards recognition of self-antigens, thereby potentially preventing autoimmune diseases such as gastritis and oophoritis. Regulatory T cells, however also control infections, allergies and tolerance to transplanted tissues and this requires their induction in the periphery under conditions which are not yet fully understood. The concept of dominant tolerance, by far not novel, will offer new insights and hopefully tools for the successful treatment of autoimmune diseases, improved cancer immunotherapy and transplant survival. The fulfillment of these high expectations will, however, require their unambiguous identification and a better understanding of their mode of action.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health by : Kitty Verhoeckx
Download or read book The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health written by Kitty Verhoeckx and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-29 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Infogest” (Improving Health Properties of Food by Sharing our Knowledge on the Digestive Process) is an EU COST action/network in the domain of Food and Agriculture that will last for 4 years from April 4, 2011. Infogest aims at building an open international network of institutes undertaking multidisciplinary basic research on food digestion gathering scientists from different origins (food scientists, gut physiologists, nutritionists...). The network gathers 70 partners from academia, corresponding to a total of 29 countries. The three main scientific goals are: Identify the beneficial food components released in the gut during digestion; Support the effect of beneficial food components on human health; Promote harmonization of currently used digestion models Infogest meetings highlighted the need for a publication that would provide researchers with an insight into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of respective in vitro and ex vivo assays to evaluate the effects of foods and food bioactives on health. Such assays are particularly important in situations where a large number of foods/bioactives need to be screened rapidly and in a cost effective manner in order to ultimately identify lead foods/bioactives that can be the subject of in vivo assays. The book is an asset to researchers wishing to study the health benefits of their foods and food bioactives of interest and highlights which in vitro/ex vivo assays are of greatest relevance to their goals, what sort of outputs/data can be generated and, as noted above, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various assays. It is also an important resource for undergraduate students in the ‘food and health’ arena.
Book Synopsis Hematology by : Leslie E. Silberstein
Download or read book Hematology written by Leslie E. Silberstein and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-06-14 with total page 2696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get the expert guidance you need to offer your patients the best possible outcomes with Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice, 7th Edition. This thoroughly up-to-date text contains both unparalleled scientific content and must-know clinical guidance, so you can enhance your problem-solving skills and make optimal use of the newest diagnostic techniques and therapeutic options in this fast-changing field. Delivers state-of-the-art information and guidance from editors and global contributors who are at the forefront of their respective subspecialty areas Features sweeping content updates throughout, including basic science research which serves as a foundation for modern hematology, recent advances in stem cell transplantation, clinical advances in the treatment of each of the hematologic malignancies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, molecular diagnostics, transfusion medicine, and much more Includes several new chapters including Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Stem Cell Model of Hematologic Diseases, Multiple Myeloma, IND Enabling Processes for Cell-Based Therapies, and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Hematologic Malignancies New Virtual Microscope with the ability to zoom in on high-quality digital hematopathology slides and frequent content updates accessible anywhere, any time on your favorite digital device Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, Q&As, and references from the book on a variety of devices Delivers state-of-the-art information and guidance from editors and global contributors who are at the forefront of their respective subspecialty areas. Features sweeping content updates throughout, including basic science research which serves as a foundation for modern hematology, recent advances in stem cell transplantation, clinical advances in the treatment of each of the hematologic malignancies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, molecular diagnostics, transfusion medicine, and much more. Includes several new chapters including Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Stem Cell Model of Hematologic Diseases, Multiple Myeloma, IND Enabling Processes for Cell-Based Therapies, and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Hematologic Malignancies. New Virtual Microscope with the ability to zoom in on high-quality digital hematopathology slides and frequent content updates accessible anywhere, any time on your favorite digital device. Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, Q&As, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Book Synopsis Aquaculture Nutrition by : Daniel L. Merrifield
Download or read book Aquaculture Nutrition written by Daniel L. Merrifield and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manipulation of the microbial gut content of farmed fishes and crustaceans can have a marked effect on their general health, growth, and quality. Expertly covering the science behind the use of prebiotics and probiotics this landmark book explains how the correct manipulation of the gut flora of farmed fishes and crustaceans can have a positive effect on their health, growth rates, feed utilization, and general wellbeing. Aquaculture Nutrition: Gut Health, Probiotics and Prebiotics provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the gut microbiomes of fish and their importance with respect to host-fish health and performance, providing in-depth, cutting-edge fundamental and applied information. Written by many of the world’s leading authorities and edited by Dr Daniel Merrifield and Professor Einar Ringø, this important book discusses in detail the common mechanisms for modulating microbiomes, particularly at the gut level (e.g. probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics). The book is a key resource for an understanding of the historical development of these products, their known mechanisms of action and their degree of efficacy as presently demonstrated in the literature. The fundamental material provided on the gut microbiota itself, and more broad aspects of microbe-live feed interactions, provide essential reading for researchers, academics and students in the areas of aquaculture nutrition, fish veterinary science, microbiology, aquaculture, fish biology and fisheries. Those involved in the development and formulation of aquaculture feeds and those with broader roles within the aquaculture industry will find a huge wealth of commercially-important information within the book’s covers. All libraries in universities and research establishments where biological sciences, nutrition and aquaculture are studied and taught, should have copies of this excellent book on their shelves.
Download or read book Filaggrin written by Jacob P. Thyssen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filaggrin gene mutations are common in Europeans and their descendants, as well as in Asians, reaching a prevalence of up to 10%. Filaggrin proteins are crucial for skin homeostasis as their metabolites maintain skin hydration, keep the skin pH low, and provide protection against solar radiation. FLG mutation carriers suffer from dry and scaly skin and have an increased transfer of allergens and chemicals across the epidermis. Moreover, they have 10% higher serum vitamin D levels, potentially affecting the propensity to develop other diseases. FLG loss-of-function mutations represent the strongest risk factor hitherto discovered for atopic dermatitis and are major predisposing factors for related asthma and hay fever. This textbook provides comprehensive and detailed coverage of the effects of FLG mutations in health and disease (cutaneous and non-cutaneous) and also discusses the basic science, epidemiology, management, and future research areas.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture by : Jennie P. Mather
Download or read book Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture written by Jennie P. Mather and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a pleasure to contribute the foreword to Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture: The ory and Techniques by Mather and Roberts. Despite the occasional appearance of thought ful works devoted to elementary or advanced cell culture methodology, a place remains for a comprehensive and definitive volume that can be used to advantage by both the novice and the expert in the field. In this book, Mather and Roberts present the relevant method ology within a conceptual framework of cell biology, genetics, nutrition, endocrinology, and physiology that renders technical cell culture information in a comprehensive, logical for mat. This allows topics to be presented with an emphasis on troubleshooting problems from a basis of understanding the underlying theory. The material is presented in a way that is adaptable to student use in formal courses; it also should be functional when used on a daily basis by professional cell culturists in a- demia and industry. The volume includes references to relevant Internet sites and other use ful sources of information. In addition to the fundamentals, attention is also given to mod ern applications and approaches to cell culture derivation, medium formulation, culture scale-up, and biotechnology, presented by scientists who are pioneers in these areas. With this volume, it should be possible to establish and maintain a cell culture laboratory devot ed to any of the many disciplines to which cell culture methodology is applicable.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tumors of the Thymus by : Juan Rosai
Download or read book Tumors of the Thymus written by Juan Rosai and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :W. H. O. Classification WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board Publisher : ISBN 13 :9789283245063 Total Pages :500 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (45 download)
Book Synopsis Thoracic Tumours by : W. H. O. Classification WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board
Download or read book Thoracic Tumours written by W. H. O. Classification WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ****When not purchasing directly from the official sales agents of the WHO, especially at online bookshops, please note that there have been issues with counterfeited copies. Buy only from known sellers and if there are quality issues, please contact the seller for a refund.***** Thoracic Tumoursis the fifth available volume in the fifth edition of the WHO series on the classification of human tumours. This series (also known as the WHO Blue Books) is regarded as the gold standard for the diagnosis of tumours and comprises a unique synthesis of histopathological diagnosis with digital and molecular pathology. These authoritative and concise reference books provide indispensable international standards for anyone involved in the care of patients with cancer or in cancer research, underpinning individual patient treatment as well as research into all aspects of cancer causation, prevention, therapy, and education. What's new in this edition? The fifth edition, guided by the WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, establishes a single coherent cancer classification presented across a collection of individual volumes organized on the basis of anatomical site (digestive system, breast, soft tissue and bone, etc.) and structured in a systematic manner, with each tumour type listed within a taxonomic classification: site, category, family (class), type, and subtype. In each volume, the entities are now listed from benign to malignant and are described under an updated set of headings, including histopathology, diagnostic molecular pathology, staging, and easy-to-read essential and desirable diagnostic criteria. Who should read this book? * Pathologists * Oncologists * Respiratory physicians * Thoracic radiologists * Cancer researchers * Surgeons * Epidemiologists * Cancer registrars This volume: * Prepared by 217 authors and editors * Contributors from around the world * More than 1000 high-quality images * More than 3500 references
Book Synopsis Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function by : Jonathan Soboloff
Download or read book Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function written by Jonathan Soboloff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: T cells play a vital role mediating adaptive immunity, a specific acquired resistance to an infectious agent produced by the introduction of an antigen. There are a variety of T cell types with different functions. They are called T cells, because they are derived from the thymus gland. This volume discusses how T cells are regulated through the operation of signaling mechanisms. Topics covered include positive and negative selection, early events in T cell receptor engagement, and various T cell subsets.
