Three Strikes Laws

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Three Strikes Laws

Author : Jennifer E. Walsh
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313068216
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Strikes Laws by : Jennifer E. Walsh

Download or read book Three Strikes Laws written by Jennifer E. Walsh and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-1990s, policymakers in more than half the states and the federal government responded to escalating crime rates and a series of sensationalized crimes by passing laws that imposed lifetime sentences on repeat offenders. Since then, the Three Strikes and You're Out movement, which embodies the overall get tough with crime approach to criminal sentencing, has generated much controversy. Critics argue that Three Strike laws are disproportionate, costly, and inefficient. Supporters, however, argue that the laws are effective, necessary, and just. Despite the controversy, Three Strike laws are still popular more than a decade after their implementation. Attempts to reduce the scope and/or severity of Three Strike policies have failed and the laws continue to affect thousands of offenders each year. Setting the record straight, Walsh provides a clear, comprehensive overview of the movement and its consequences. Do Three Strikes laws really prevent crime? Do they cost less than releasing repeat offenders time and time again? Are they evenly and fairly applied? These questions and more are answered in these pages through a careful analysis of the costs, benefits, and results of Three Strikes legislation. Walsh analyzes the historical development of the Three Strikes movement in the context of get tough sentencing reforms and provides detail about the various Three Strikes statutes adopted across the nation, while offering an in-depth exmamination of the controversies they have produced. Amid efforts to repeal or revise such statutes, the laws still stand, and this book sheds light on the history of, rationale for, and results of one of the most controversial criminal justice movements of our time.

Punishment and Democracy

Author : Franklin E. Zimring
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195136869
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Punishment and Democracy by : Franklin E. Zimring

Download or read book Punishment and Democracy written by Franklin E. Zimring and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[A] major study of this unique legislation.... [It] is, quite simply, required reading for anyone interested in crime policy in California, the United States in general, or any modern democratic nation....In an area drenched with emotionalism, the authors have produced a study that is analytically incisive in setting up its categories, conscientious in collecting its data, and judicious in reaching its conclusions. It is also highly readable."--Law andPolitics Book Review "This book is an exemplar of criminology, the science of law-making, law-breaking, and law-enforcing. [The book] will stand for years as both a substantive and methodologicallandmark."--Lawrence W. Sherman, Director, Jerry Lee Center of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania "This would be a better society, with more just and humane policies, if people in authority read and paid attention to this brilliant, closely-reasoned and intensely significant book."--Lawrence Friedman, Stanford Law School

Unjust Sentencing and the California Three Strikes Law

Author : Douglas W. Kieso
Publisher : LFB Scholarly Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Unjust Sentencing and the California Three Strikes Law by : Douglas W. Kieso

Download or read book Unjust Sentencing and the California Three Strikes Law written by Douglas W. Kieso and published by LFB Scholarly Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The California Three Strikes law was passed in 1994 as a wave of "strike" laws swept the United States. California's law was unique, however, because people convicted of possession of a small amount of narcotics or who committed petty crimes like shoplifting were receiving life sentences. Kieso studies prosecutorial discretion, judicial discretion, jury discretion with a focus on the inconsistencies in California's usage of its Three Strikes law. Contrary to the U.S. Supreme Court's 2003 decision, Ewing v. California, which upheld the law and to public perception, Kieso demonstrates that many unjust cases result from flaws in California's political system.

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

Author : United States
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 by : United States

Download or read book Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Feeding the Fear of Crime

Author : Valerie J. Callanan
Publisher : LFB Scholarly Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Feeding the Fear of Crime by : Valerie J. Callanan

Download or read book Feeding the Fear of Crime written by Valerie J. Callanan and published by LFB Scholarly Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Callanan (sociology, California State U.-San Marcos) analyzes how a 1993 proposal to change California law to punish third-time offenders more harshly was making little headway despite the support of many powerful conservative organizations until a heavily publicized kidnapping and killing, after which it quickly became law. Her topics include understanding American punitive attitudes, media and public opinion of crime, modeling support for three strikes, and explaining punitiveness. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

"Three Strikes and You're Out"

Author : John Clark
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis "Three Strikes and You're Out" by : John Clark

Download or read book "Three Strikes and You're Out" written by John Clark and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cruel Justice

Author : Joe Domanick
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520246683
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Cruel Justice by : Joe Domanick

Download or read book Cruel Justice written by Joe Domanick and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2005-08-15 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From an award-winning journalist comes an investigative look, through the stories of people on both sides of the law, at the development and impact of the three strikes legislation in California.

Hard Time Blues

Author : Sasha Abramsky
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 1429970049
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Hard Time Blues by : Sasha Abramsky

Download or read book Hard Time Blues written by Sasha Abramsky and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 1996, fifty-three year old heroin addict Billy Ochoa was sentenced to 326 years in prison. His crime: committing $2100 worth of welfare fraud. Ochoa was sent to New Folsom supermax prison, joining thousands of other men who will spend the rest of their lives in California's teeming correctional facilities as a result of that state's tough Three Strikes law. His incarceration will cost over $20,000 a year until he dies. Hard Time Blues weaves together the story of the growth of the American prison system over the past quarter century primarily through the story of Ochoa, a career criminal who grew up in the barrios of post-World War II L.A. Ochoa, who had a long history of non-violent crimes committed to fund his drug habit, who cycled in and out of prison since the late 1960's, is a perfect example of how perennial misfits, rather than blood-soaked violent criminals, make up the majority of America's prisoners. This is also the story of the burgeoning careers of politicians such as former California Governor Pete Wilson, who rose to power on the "crime issue." Wilson, whose grandfather was a cop murdered by drug-runners in early twentieth century Chicago, scored a stunning come-from-behind re-election victory in 1994. In so doing, he came to epitomize the 1990s tough-on-crime politician. Award-winning journalist Sasha Abramsky uses immersion reportage to bring alive the political forces that have led America's prison and jail population to increase more than four fold in the past twenty years. Through the stories of Ochoa, Wilson, and others, he explores in devastating detail how the public has been manipulated into supporting mass incarceration during a period when crime rates have been steadily falling. Hard Time Blues deftly explores the War on Drugs, the Rockefeller Laws, the growth of the SuperMax Prisons, the climate of fear that led to laws such as Truth-in-Sentencing, and how the stunning repercussions of imprisoning two million citizens affect all of America. In the tradition of J. Anthony Lukas's Common Ground and Melissa Fay Greene's The Temple Bombing, Abramsky explores this new and dangerous fault-line in American society in a dramatic and compelling manner. From the opening courtroom scene through the final images behind the electrified fences of the nation's toughest, meanest prisons, Abramsky paints a grimly intimate portrait of the players and personalities behind this societal earthquake. Hard Time Blues combines a sense of history with a powerful narrative, to tell a story about issues and people that leads us to understand how The Land of the Free has become the world's largest prison nation.

Wisconsin Sentencing in the Tough-on-Crime Era

Author : Michael O’Hear
Publisher : University of Wisconsin Pres
ISBN 13 : 0299310205
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Wisconsin Sentencing in the Tough-on-Crime Era by : Michael O’Hear

Download or read book Wisconsin Sentencing in the Tough-on-Crime Era written by Michael O’Hear and published by University of Wisconsin Pres. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dramatic increase in U.S. prison populations since the 1970s is often blamed on mandatory sentencing laws, but this case study of a state with judicial discretion in sentencing reveals that other significant factors influence high incarceration rates.

Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics

Author : Bruce A. Arrigo
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1483346587
Total Pages : 1202 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics by : Bruce A. Arrigo

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics written by Bruce A. Arrigo and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2014-07-17 with total page 1202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal, state, county, and municipal police forces all have their own codes of conduct, yet the ethics of being a police officer remain perplexing and are often difficult to apply in dynamic situations. The police misconduct statistics are staggering and indicate that excessive use of force comprises almost a quarter of misconduct cases, with sexual harassment, fraud/theft, and false arrest being the next most prevalent factors. The ethical issues and dilemmas in criminal justice also reach deep into the legal professions, the structure and administration of justice in society, and the personal characteristics of those in the criminal justice professions. The Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics includes A to Z entries by experts in the field that explore the scope of ethical decision making and behaviors within the spheres of criminal justice systems, including policing, corrections, courts, forensic science, and policy analysis and research. This two-volume set is available in both print and electronic formats. Features: Entries are authored and signed by experts in the field and conclude with references and further readings, as well as cross references to related entries that guide readers to the next steps in their research journeys. A Reader's Guide groups related entries by broad topic areas and themes, making it easy for readers to quickly identify related entries. A Chronology highlights the development of the field and places material into historical context; a Glossary defines key terms from the fields of law and ethics; and a Resource Guide provides lists of classic books, academic journals, websites and associations focused on criminal justice ethics. Reports and statistics from such sources as the FBI, the United Nations, and the International Criminal Court are included in an appendix. In the electronic version, the Reader's Guide, index, and cross references combine to provide effective search-and-browse capabilities. The Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics provides a general, non-technical yet comprehensive resource for students who wish to understand the complexities of criminal justice ethics.

Punishment and Democracy

Author : Franklin E. Zimring
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195350375
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Punishment and Democracy by : Franklin E. Zimring

Download or read book Punishment and Democracy written by Franklin E. Zimring and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-02-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Getting tough on crime" has been one of the favorite rallying cries of American politicians in the last two decades, and "getting tough" on repeat offenders has been particularly popular. "Three strikes and you're out" laws, which effectively impose a 25-years-to-life sentence at the moment of a third felony conviction, have been passed in 26 states. California's version of the "three strikes" law, enacted in 1994, was broader and more severe than measures considered or passed in any other state. Punishment and Democracy is the first examination of the actual impact this law has had. Franklin Zimring, Sam Kamin, and Gordon Hawkins look at the origins of the law in California, compare it to other crackdown laws, and analyze the data collected on crime rates in Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco in the year before and the two years after the law went into effect. They show that the "three strikes" law was a significant development in criminal justice policy making, not only at the state level, but also at the national level. They conclude with an examination of the trend toward populist initiatives driving penal policy. The importance of the subject and the stature of the authors make this book required reading for policy analysts, criminal justice scholars, elected officials, and indeed any American seeking to know more about "get-tough" criminal sentencing.

Three Strikes Laws

Author : Jennifer Edwards Walsh
Publisher : Greenwood
ISBN 13 : 031333708X
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Strikes Laws by : Jennifer Edwards Walsh

Download or read book Three Strikes Laws written by Jennifer Edwards Walsh and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Jennifer E. Walsh provides a clear and comprehensive view of Three Strikes laws and their consequences. She sheds light on the history of, the rationale for, and the results of a highly controversial sentencing policy in the field of criminal justice.

Three Strikes

Author : Howard Zinn
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807050132
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Strikes by : Howard Zinn

Download or read book Three Strikes written by Howard Zinn and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2002-09-16 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three renowned historians present stirring tales of labor: Howard Zinn tells the grim tale of the Ludlow Massacre, a drama of beleaguered immigrant workers, Mother Jones, and the politics of corporate power in the age of the robber barons. Dana Frank brings to light the little-known story of a successful sit-in conducted by the 'counter girls' at the Detroit Woolworth's during the Great Depression. Robin D. G. Kelley's story of a movie theater musicians' strike in New York asks what defines work in times of changing technology.

Three Strikes and You're Out

Author : Peter W. Greenwood
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Three Strikes and You're Out by : Peter W. Greenwood

Download or read book Three Strikes and You're Out written by Peter W. Greenwood and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 1994 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors report on the benefits and costs of California's new mandatory-sentencing law, which provides for progressively longer sentences with an increasing number of prior convictions for serious felonies. The authors find that the new law, if fully implemented, will decrease serious crime committed by adults by about 28 percent at a cost of an extra $5.5 billion a year. Alternatives that narrow the law's application result in a lower benefit but an even greater reduction in costs. The authors were also able to devise an alternative that resulted in the same crime-reduction benefit for lower cost. The authors conclude that the state budget cuts required to fund the new law will be so great that it is unlikely to be fully implemented.

Incarceration Nations

Author : Baz Dreisinger
Publisher : Other Press, LLC
ISBN 13 : 159051727X
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Incarceration Nations by : Baz Dreisinger

Download or read book Incarceration Nations written by Baz Dreisinger and published by Other Press, LLC. This book was released on 2016-02-09 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baz Dreisinger travels behind bars in nine countries to rethink the state of justice in a global context Beginning in Africa and ending in Europe, Incarceration Nations is a first-person odyssey through the prison systems of the world. Professor, journalist, and founder of the Prison-to-College-Pipeline, Dreisinger looks into the human stories of incarcerated men and women and those who imprison them, creating a jarring, poignant view of a world to which most are denied access, and a rethinking of one of America’s most far-reaching global exports: the modern prison complex. From serving as a restorative justice facilitator in a notorious South African prison and working with genocide survivors in Rwanda, to launching a creative writing class in an overcrowded Ugandan prison and coordinating a drama workshop for women prisoners in Thailand, Dreisinger examines the world behind bars with equal parts empathy and intellect. She journeys to Jamaica to visit a prison music program, to Singapore to learn about approaches to prisoner reentry, to Australia to grapple with the bottom line of private prisons, to a federal supermax in Brazil to confront the horrors of solitary confinement, and finally to the so-called model prisons of Norway. Incarceration Nations concludes with climactic lessons about the past, present, and future of justice.

Trust in the Law

Author : Tom R. Tyler
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610445422
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Trust in the Law by : Tom R. Tyler

Download or read book Trust in the Law written by Tom R. Tyler and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public opinion polls suggest that American's trust in the police and courts is declining. The same polls also reveal a disturbing racial divide, with minorities expressing greater levels of distrust than whites. Practices such as racial profiling, zero-tolerance and three-strikes laws, the use of excessive force, and harsh punishments for minor drug crimes all contribute to perceptions of injustice. In Trust in the Law, psychologists Tom R. Tyler and Yuen J. Huo present a compelling argument that effective law enforcement requires the active engagement and participation of the communities it serves, and argue for a cooperative approach to law enforcement that appeals to people's sense of fair play, even if the outcomes are not always those with which they agree. Based on a wide-ranging survey of citizens who had recent contact with the police or courts in Oakland and Los Angeles, Trust in the Law examines the sources of people's favorable and unfavorable reactions to their encounters with legal authorities. Tyler and Huo address the issue from a variety of angles: the psychology of decision acceptance, the importance of individual personal experiences, and the role of ethnic group identification. They find that people react primarily to whether or not they are treated with dignity and respect, and the degree to which they feel they have been treated fairly helps to shape their acceptance of the legal process. Their findings show significantly less willingness on the part of minority group members who feel they have been treated unfairly to trust the motives to subsequent legal decisions of law enforcement authorities. Since most people in the study generalize from their personal experiences with individual police officers and judges, Tyler and Huo suggest that gaining maximum cooperation and consent of the public depends upon fair and transparent decision-making and treatment on the part of law enforcement officers. Tyler and Huo conclude that the best way to encourage compliance with the law is for legal authorities to implement programs that foster a sense of personal involvement and responsibility. For example, community policing programs, in which the local population is actively engaged in monitoring its own neighborhood, have been shown to be an effective tool in improving police-community relationships. Cooperation between legal authorities and community members is a much discussed but often elusive goal. Trust in the Law shows that legal authorities can behave in ways that encourage the voluntary acceptance of their directives, while also building trust and confidence in the overall legitimacy of the police and courts. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Series on Trust

Retributivism Has a Past

Author : Michael Tonry
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199798273
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Retributivism Has a Past by : Michael Tonry

Download or read book Retributivism Has a Past written by Michael Tonry and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays by major figures in punishment theory, law, and philosophy that reconsiders the popularity and prospects of retributivism, the notion that punishment is morally justified because people have behaved wrongly.