Three Growth And Soil Relations At The 1925 Wind River Spacing Test In Coast Douglas Fir

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Three Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-Fir

Author : United States Department of Agriculture
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781508795865
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (958 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-Fir by : United States Department of Agriculture

Download or read book Three Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-Fir written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1925 Wind River spacing test is the earliest field trial seeking to determine the most appropriate spacing for planting Douglas-fir. Spacing treatments were not replicated, although individual spacings were subsampled by two to four tree-measurement plots. Previously, greater growth occurred at the wider spacings (10 and 12 ft) than at the closer spacings (4, 5, 6, and 8 ft). We considered three possible explanations: (1) close spacing eventually retarded growth, (2) soil quality may be better in the 10- and 12-ft spacings than at closer spacings, and (3) tree spacing and soil quality combined affected growth. To test these explanations, we (1) measured and mapped several site factors (topographic relief, depth to bedrock, and soil properties) and (2) related these factors to tree and stand growth. We infer from the strong correlation between spacing and soil variables that the influence of soil and spacing cannot be separated; differences in soil depth and available water capacity confound spacing effects and vice versa. Because soils in the wider spacings are generally deeper and have more available water capacity than do soils in the closer spacings, we conclude that some of the superior tree growth attained in the 10- and 12-ft spacings is due to more favorable soil conditions. Visual comparisons of tree size, however, suggest that spacing is probably the stronger factor affecting tree growth at this location.

Tree Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-fir

Author : Richard E. Miller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Tree Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-fir by : Richard E. Miller

Download or read book Tree Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-fir written by Richard E. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1925 Wind River spacing test is the earliest field trial seeking to determine the most appropriate spacing for planting Douglas-fir. Spacing treatments were not replicated, although individual spacings were subsampled by two to four tree-measurement plots. Previously, greater growth occurred at the wider spacings (10 and 12 ft) than at the closer spacings (4, 5, 6, and 8 ft). We considered three possible explanations: (1) close spacing eventually retarded growth, (2) soil quality may be better in the 10- and 12-ft spacings than at closer spacings, and (3) tree spacing and soil quality combined affected growth. To test these explanations, we (1) measured and mapped several site factors (topographic relief, depth to bedrock, and soil properties) and (2) related these factors to tree and stand growth. We infer from the strong correlation between spacing and soil variables that the influence of soil and spacing cannot be separated; differences in soil depth and available water capacity confound spacing effects and vice versa. Because soils in the wider spacings are generally deeper and have more available water capacity than do soils in the closer spacings, we conclude that some of the superior tree growth attained in the 10-and 12-ft spacings is due to more favorable soil conditions. Visual comparisons of tree size, however, suggest that spacing is probably the stronger factor affecting tree growth at this location.

Tree Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-fir

Author : Richard E. Miller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Tree Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-fir by : Richard E. Miller

Research Paper PNW.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Paper PNW. by :

Download or read book Research Paper PNW. written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Relation of Initial Spacing and Relative Stand Density Indices to Stand Characteristics in a Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Trial

Author : Robert O. Curtis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Relation of Initial Spacing and Relative Stand Density Indices to Stand Characteristics in a Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Trial by : Robert O. Curtis

Download or read book Relation of Initial Spacing and Relative Stand Density Indices to Stand Characteristics in a Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Trial written by Robert O. Curtis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Manual for Dryland Afforestation and Management

Author : G. Singh
Publisher : Scientific Publishers - AFARI
ISBN 13 : 9387869474
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis A Manual for Dryland Afforestation and Management by : G. Singh

Download or read book A Manual for Dryland Afforestation and Management written by G. Singh and published by Scientific Publishers - AFARI. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community-oriented conservation of natural resources and promotion and protection of trees in drylands are examples to deal with climatic adversities. This book provides knowledge on climatic, ecological, social and economic condition of dry areas and lay out approaches and strategies to restore degraded lands. There are 15 chapters and first five deals with physiography of Rajasthan, drylands ecology, problems of land degradation, its economic evaluation and the approaches and strategies of restoration and rehabilitation. Next two chapters describe the problems of sand drift, salinity, water logging and effluent inflicted areas and strategies to control them. Chapters 8-10 deal with seed production, quality planting materials, genetic improvement, propagation and planting techniques. Chapters 11-12 describe methods of rain water harvesting and irrigation, and resources conservation for seed sowing and favouring regeneration and successions. Effective management of pests/diseases in nurseries and plantation, growth and yield prediction equations and models, and people's perception and participation in managing forest resources have been described in last 3 chapters. Purpose of this publication is to strengthen the forest functionaries and readers with wide ranging knowledge on land degradation, desertification and eco-biology of drylands; and methods to restore and rehabilitate degrading forest (lands) to increase forest cover, enhance resilience and people livelihoods and improve environmental conditions. Academician, researchers, forest managers, non-government organizations, extension agents and environmentalists can use it in developing, conserving and managing drylands ecosystems for its long lasting beneficial effects. This book is also useful to policy makers in effective planning of restoring, protecting and conserving dryland's ecological and socioeconomic services.

Some Recent Developments in the Wind River Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Tests

Author : Donald L. Reukema
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Some Recent Developments in the Wind River Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Tests by : Donald L. Reukema

Download or read book Some Recent Developments in the Wind River Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Tests written by Donald L. Reukema and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Forest of Time

Author : Margaret J. Herring
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Forest of Time by : Margaret J. Herring

Download or read book Forest of Time written by Margaret J. Herring and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wind River Experimental Forest has been called the cradle of forestry in the Pacific Northwest. Located in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest in southwest Washington, the forest is a nexus of groundbreaking discoveries in forest genetics and ecology, and is one of more than seventyfive Forest Service landscapes across the U.S. devoted to forest and range research. Forest of Time follows one hundred years of forest science at Wind River, as social and scientific changes transformed the twentieth century and the Pacific Northwest forest itself. The Forest Service began research at Wind River in 1908 to learn the secrets of the giant Douglas fir. During the course of the century, generations of scientists studied the forest from different angles, and their conclusions changed through time. Initially, Wind River scientists saw the region in need of protec tion from fire and careless logging. They saw scorched, cutover land that required replanting. Later they saw the forest in need of improvement, needing to be freed from pests and unprofitable s pecies and replaced with thrifty, fastgrowing plantations. Wind River soon became a laboratory where foresters from around the world came to learn how to grow the best possible lumber in the shortest amount of time. As plantations replaced natural forest stands, scientists came to Wind River to explore the complexity of oldgrowth forest ecosystems. And today, Wind River is the center of a twentyfirst century exploration of forest canopies and the global connec tion between forests and atmos phere. In Forest of Time, Margaret Herring and Sarah Greene show readers how science grows and changes in unexpec ted ways, much like a forest through time. It is a story of discovery and blindness, of opportunities taken and missed, in a forest dedicated to longterm research.

The Timberman

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1498 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis The Timberman by :

Download or read book The Timberman written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 1498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 780 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States by :

Download or read book Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations

Author : M.B. Kirkham
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124200788
Total Pages : 599 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (242 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations by : M.B. Kirkham

Download or read book Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations written by M.B. Kirkham and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations, 2e describes the principles of water relations within soils, followed by the uptake of water and its subsequent movement throughout and from the plant body. This is presented as a progressive series of physical and biological interrelations, even though each topic is treated in detail on its own. The book also describes equipment used to measure water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. At the end of each chapter is a biography of a scientist whose principles are discussed in the chapter. In addition to new information on the concept of celestial time, this new edition also includes new chapters on methods to determine sap flow in plants dual-probe heat-pulse technique to monitor water in the root zone. Provides the necessary understanding to address advancing problems in water availability for meeting ecological requirements at local, regional and global scales Covers plant anatomy: an essential component to understanding soil and plant water relations

Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests

Author : Jack Ward Thomas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests by : Jack Ward Thomas

Download or read book Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests written by Jack Ward Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That is what this book is about. It is a framework for planning, in which habitat is the key to managing wildlife and making forest managers accountable for their actions. This book is based on the collective knowledge of one group of resource professionals and their understanding about how wildlife relate to forest habitats. And it provides a longoverdue system for considering the impacts of changes in forest structure on all resident wildlife.

Poplars and Willows

Author : Jud G. Isebrands
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1780641087
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Poplars and Willows by : Jud G. Isebrands

Download or read book Poplars and Willows written by Jud G. Isebrands and published by CABI. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poplars and willows form an important component of forestry and agricultural systems, providing a wide range of wood and non-wood products. This book synthesizes research on poplars and willows, providing a practical worldwide overview and guide to their basic characteristics, cultivation and use, issues, problems and trends. Prominence is given to environmental benefits and the importance of poplar and willow cultivation in meeting the needs of people and communities, sustainable livelihoods, land use and development.

Riparian Areas

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309082951
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Riparian Areas by : National Research Council

Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.

Ecology

Author : Charles J. Krebs
Publisher : Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9780321068798
Total Pages : 695 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (687 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology by : Charles J. Krebs

Download or read book Ecology written by Charles J. Krebs and published by Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company. This book was released on 2001 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This best-selling majors ecology book continues to present ecology as a series of problems for readers to critically analyze. No other text presents analytical, quantitative, and statistical ecological information in an equally accessible style. Reflecting the way ecologists actually practice, the book emphasizes the role of experiments in testing ecological ideas and discusses many contemporary and controversial problems related to distribution and abundance. Throughout the book, Krebs thoroughly explains the application of mathematical concepts in ecology while reinforcing these concepts with research references, examples, and interesting end-of-chapter review questions. Thoroughly updated with new examples and references, the book now features a new full-color design and is accompanied by an art CD-ROM for instructors. The field package also includes The Ecology Action Guide, a guide that encourages readers to be environmentally responsible citizens, and a subscription to The Ecology Place (www.ecologyplace.com), a web site and CD-ROM that enables users to become virtual field ecologists by performing experiments such as estimating the number of mice on an imaginary island or restoring prairie land in Iowa. For college instructors and students.

Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States

Author : Julie Koppel Maldonado
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319052667
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States by : Julie Koppel Maldonado

Download or read book Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States written by Julie Koppel Maldonado and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-05 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a long history and deep connection to the Earth’s resources, indigenous peoples have an intimate understanding and ability to observe the impacts linked to climate change. Traditional ecological knowledge and tribal experience play a key role in developing future scientific solutions for adaptation to the impacts. The book explores climate-related issues for indigenous communities in the United States, including loss of traditional knowledge, forests and ecosystems, food security and traditional foods, as well as water, Arctic sea ice loss, permafrost thaw and relocation. The book also highlights how tribal communities and programs are responding to the changing environments. Fifty authors from tribal communities, academia, government agencies and NGOs contributed to the book. Previously published in Climatic Change, Volume 120, Issue 3, 2013.

Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research

Author : James H. Speer
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816547386
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research by : James H. Speer

Download or read book Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research written by James H. Speer and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators. Although there are other scientific means of dating climatic and environmental events, dendrochronology provides the most reliable of all paleorecords. Dendrochronology can be applied to very old trees to provide long-term records of past temperature, rainfall, fire, insect outbreaks, landslides, hurricanes, and ice storms--to name only a few events. This comprehensive text addresses all of the subjects that a reader who is new to the field will need to know and will be a welcome reference for practitioners at all levels. It includes a history of the discipline, biological and ecological background, principles of the field, basic scientific information on the structure and growth of trees, the complete range of dendrochronology methods, and a full description of each of the relevant subdisciplines. Individual chapters address the composition of wood, methods of field and laboratory study, dendroarchaeology, dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, and dendrochemistry. The book also provides thorough introductions to common computer programs and methods of statistical analysis. In the final chapter, the author describes "frontiers in dendrochronology," with an eye toward future directions in the field. He concludes with several useful appendixes, including a listing of tree and shrub species that have been used successfully by dendrochronologists. Throughout, photographs and illustrations visually represent the state of knowledge in the field.