Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 : 9788897752325
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (523 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamics by : Marco Guerrazzi

Download or read book Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamics written by Marco Guerrazzi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on the Determinants of Labor Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 : 9788449045745
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (457 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Determinants of Labor Market Dynamics by : Dario S. Judzik

Download or read book Three Essays on the Determinants of Labor Market Dynamics written by Dario S. Judzik and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Esta tesis está constituida por tres ensayos empíricos sobre los determinantes de las dinámicas del mercado laboral. Cada uno de estos ensayos se centra en tres variables fundamentales para el mercado laboral: el salario real, la intensidad de capital (o capital por trabajador), y el empleo a nivel sectorial. El primer ensayo presenta un análisis sobre el proceso de fijación de salarios aplicado a 8 países, de acuerdo con la clasificación del mercado de trabajo de Daveri y Tabellini (2000): anglosajón (EE.UU. y Reino Unido), Europa continental (Francia, Italia y España), los países nórdicos (Suecia y Finlandia), y Japón. Los resultados muestran que la determinación de los salarios en las últimas décadas ha estado condicionada por tres factores estructurales, independientemente de las diferencias entre estos modelos económicos. Es decir, los resultados son robustos a diferentes estructuras institucionales, por ejemplo, si el mercado laboral se ve afectado por una más o menos estricta legislación de protección del empleo. La identificación de estos principales motores de la determinación de los salarios es fundamental para el diseño de políticas de desempleo porque éstos determinan los resultados del mercado laboral a través de la presión sobre los salarios. Dichos factores estructurales son: el crecimiento de la productividad, la desafiliación sindical, y el comercio internacional. También se pone de manifiesto que la desafiliación sindical y el comercio, mediante evitar que los salarios reales suban aún más, y aumentando así la brecha entre salario y productividad, han actuado como importantes contribuyentes a la continua caída en la participación de las rentas del trabajo. El segundo ensayo se centra en la intensidad de capital (es decir, la relación capital por trabajador), que generalmente se considera como un factor en crecimiento económico, y la evaluación empírica de sus factores determinantes ha sido un tema en general descuidado. Se presenta un marco analítico que incluye consideraciones del lado de la demanda en el modelo uniecuacional estándar de intensidad de capital. Los resultados de las estimaciones confirman el coste relativo de los factores de producción como motor de la oferta fundamental de la intensidad de capital generando, también, estimaciones plausibles de la elasticidad de sustitución entre capital y trabajo. Los dos proxies que consideramos para las presiones del lado de la demanda resultan también relevantes. Este resultado requiere un enfoque más amplio que el habitual cuando se trabaja con los factores de la demanda de producción y, como lo hemos hecho, al examinar los determinantes de la intensidad de capital. Este ensayo también revela la posibilidad de una naturaleza diferente de los cambios tecnológicos en Japón y los EE.UU. Como se ha argumentado, esta misma diferencia proporciona una explicación de la diferente evolución de la intensidad de capital en Japón y los EE.UU., e incluso de sus modelos de crecimiento ya bien conocidos, siendo Japón, tradicionalmente, uno de los grandes exportadores netos mundo; y los EE.UU. una de las mayores economías importadoras netas. Nuestros resultados alertan sobre un diseño simplista de las políticas basadas exclusivamente en consideraciones relativas a la oferta, y requieren un cuidadoso diseño de las políticas que afectan a las decisiones de las empresas sobre la inversión y la contratación de trabajo. La razón es que estas políticas afectan de manera crucial el comportamiento procíclico de la relación entre las tasas de utilización de la capacidad instalada y el empleo, ya que en las expansiones económicas la tasa de utilización de la capacidad tiende a aumentar proporcionalmente más que la tasa de empleo, probablemente debido a que en el muy corto plazo es menos costoso utilizar una mayor proporción de la capacidad ya instalada que contratar a nuevos trabajadores. En el tercer ensayo se analiza la heterogeneidad de la demanda laboral desde dos perspectivas empíricas. Por un lado, se calcula la elasticidad a nivel sectorial de la demanda de mano de obra y encontramos que estos valores varían significativamente entre las actividades económicas. Éstos son, generalmente, más altos en los EE.UU. y en Suecia que los que se encuentran en el caso de Alemania. Por otra parte, se investigan los efectos sobre el empleo de una mayor exposición al comercio internacional. Hacemos esto mediante la ampliación de un modelo de demanda de trabajo sectorial con apertura al comercio en la ecuación empírica. Luego, se desagrega la apertura al comercio en cuatro variables de acuerdo a cuatro tipos de mercancías: manufacturas, servicios, agricultura y combustibles. Por último, este ensayo también verifica la presencia de cambio tecnológico ahorrador de trabajo (labor-saving) en los tres países estudiados. Este descubrimiento es un resultado común en la literatura relacionada (Klump et al. 2012, Feldmann 2013). En particular, en los EE.UU. y Suecia se detecta una tasa de crecimiento de la eficiencia del trabajo similar. Dado que hay un efecto negativo sobre el empleo del cambio técnico, esta menor tasa de crecimiento de la eficiencia en el caso de Alemania puede explicar, en parte, su desempeño laboral diferenciado en la última década.

Three Essays in Labour Market Mobility

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Labour Market Mobility by : Rayhaneh Esmaeilzadeh

Download or read book Three Essays in Labour Market Mobility written by Rayhaneh Esmaeilzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three essays in labour market mobility. These essays employ a dynamic multinomial logit model with discrete factor approximation for the specification of unobserved individual heterogeneity and Wooldridge's approach for controlling the endogeneity problem of initial conditions. The dynamic structural of the model is assumed to follow a first order Markov process. The data is taken from longitudinal levels of Statistics Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) and is restricted to males aged 25 to 55 between 1993 and 2004. I examine and discuss the importance of structural and spurious state dependence in three different aspects of labour market mobility. Relevant policy implications are discussed. The first essay compares immigrants and natives in self-employment transitions among four mutually exclusive and exhaustive states of paid-employment, self-employment, unemployment, and being out of the labour force. The second essay explores the factors explaining immigrant-native differences in stability, downward, and upward wage mobility rates. The final essay provides a comprehensive research on earnings dynamics of immigrants and natives within and between Canada and Denmark. This essay also employs Danish administrative registered dataset for the period 1994-2003. Empirical results show that state dependence exists in all states of labour market mobility with different degrees for immigrants and natives. Not all observed persistence is structural, some portion is due to the unobservable factors.

Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamic Aspects

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamic Aspects by : Marco Guerrazzi

Download or read book Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamic Aspects written by Marco Guerrazzi and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays in Labor Market Analysis

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Labor Market Analysis by : Patrick M. Kline

Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Market Analysis written by Patrick M. Kline and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on Health and Labour Economics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Health and Labour Economics by : Mina Alizadehsadrdaneshpour

Download or read book Three Essays on Health and Labour Economics written by Mina Alizadehsadrdaneshpour and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay examines a dynamic effect of diabetes on employment. The second essay uses a broader measure of health and investigates its interaction with employment. The third essay explores a dynamic effect of education on hourly wage. The first essay investigates the diabetes effect on employment in Canada. The data is taken from the National Population Health Survey and men and women between age 25 and 64 are analysed separately. In contrast to the previous static studies on the effect of diabetes on labour market outcomes, this essay uses a dynamic model to identify the impacts of diabetes on employment in Canada. Results show that diabetes has a positive but insignificant effect on employment for men. The effect of diabetes on employment for women is negative and significant. The results confirm the signs and significance of diabetes coefficients estimated by static studies; however, the numbers are much smaller. Particularly, precise estimates of diabetes effect on employment would be helpful for policy makers to know the economic burden and design the appropriate policies. The second essay uses a broader measure of health to explore the relationship with employment. In contrast to previous static Canadian studies on the impact of health on labour market outcomes, this essay estimates a dynamic model using simultaneous equations to obtain more precise model specification for the interaction of health and labour market outcome. Results show that there is a high state dependency in employment and health for both men and women. Moreover, there is a highly significant and positive effect of health on employment for both men and women. As a result, health policies that have positive and direct effects on health can have positive and indirect effects on employment. The third essay investigates the return to education using a dynamic approach in Canada. This essay uses the longitudinal Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics and estimates the dynamic model for men and women between the age of 25 and 64 separately. In contrast to the previous static Canadian studies on the return to education, this essay estimates a dynamic Mincer model through a system GMM method to obtain more precise model specification for the return to education. Results demonstrate that the hourly wage is highly persistent for both men and women between age 25 and 64. The results also show that the return to schooling is increasing at the beginning of the working life for both men and women compared to a constant return to schooling by static Mincer function. Identifying the return to education can be useful for policy makers to decide on education expenditures and finance schooling programs.

Three Essays: Cross-National Comparisons of Labor Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays: Cross-National Comparisons of Labor Market Dynamics by : Xiupeng Wang

Download or read book Three Essays: Cross-National Comparisons of Labor Market Dynamics written by Xiupeng Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation studies labor market dynamics using detailed longitudinal household level data from multiple countries. The institutional differences among different countries make the cross-national comparisons particularly interesting. Chapter one examines the occupational mobility of workers between occupations that vary in the intensity of routine tasks in Britain and Germany. Chapter two studies the relationship between the worker's unobservable ability and the probability of involuntary job loss in four countries. Chapter three considers the impacts of job displacement on workers in Britain and Germany. Following the hypothesis of Routine-Biased Technical Change, chapter one reports a declining employment share of routine occupations in both Britain and Germany. In Britain, the slower growth of wage premia of routine occupations encourages routine workers witch to other occupations. Higher ability workers are more likely to upgrade to cognitive occupations, while lower ability ones are more likely to downgrade to manual occupations. However, in Germany, wage premia of cognitive occupations increased. Therefore, most workers move from routine occupations to more highly compensated cognitive ones in the face of automation. Chapter two investigates involuntary job loss in four countries--Britain, Germany, Korea and Switzerland. In all four countries, conditional on a vector of traditional observable attributes, lower ability workers are consistently more likely to experience involuntary job loss. In addition, I find unionization at the work place plays an important role in this mechanism. In Britain, Korea and Switzerland the union sector contributes almost all the effect while in Germany lower skilled workers in both unionized and non-unionized sectors are disproportionally more likely to lose jobs. Additionally, the impacts of job displacement in Britain and Germany are examined in chapter three. Losses of labor earnings are very similar four years after job loss. However, families in Germany seem to be able to better respond to the losses of earnings caused by a job displacement. The cross-national contrast is sharper when considering the additional role of government. In Germany, no statistically significant differences in post-government income are observed following job displacement while four years later, losses in family income remain at more than 10 percent in Britain.

Three Essays on Frictional Labor Markets

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Frictional Labor Markets by : Georg Duernecker

Download or read book Three Essays on Frictional Labor Markets written by Georg Duernecker and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on the Dynamics of Entrepreneurs in the Labor Market

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ISBN 13 : 9788793155718
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (557 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Dynamics of Entrepreneurs in the Labor Market by : Virgilio Failla

Download or read book Three Essays on the Dynamics of Entrepreneurs in the Labor Market written by Virgilio Failla and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays in Applied Labor and Resource Economics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (913 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Applied Labor and Resource Economics by : Esther Washburn Mezey

Download or read book Three Essays in Applied Labor and Resource Economics written by Esther Washburn Mezey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes three essays: Spatio-temporal analysis of labor turnover statistics develops regularized dynamic spatio-temporal methods for selecting the sparse set of geographic, industrial, and demographic local-area job separation rates that best predict future rates in a given area using the public use Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) made available by the U.S. Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) program; it is the first paper to quantify the extent to which geographic, industrial, and demographic networks explain the dispersion of local-area labor market statistics through space and time. Detecting and Repairing Data Errors in the Public Use Quarterly Workforce Indicator Data develops methods for detecting and repairing missing or erroneous observations in the QWI data. Real Options in Resource Economics reviews the application of options valuation techniques from finance to capital budgeting decisions affecting real investments (real options) in the existing literature in forestry, fishery, water, and nonrenewable resources.

Three Essays on Labor Market Transitions

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labor Market Transitions by : Huanan Xu

Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Market Transitions written by Huanan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on Labor Supply and Wage Dynamics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labor Supply and Wage Dynamics by : Eric Baird French

Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Supply and Wage Dynamics written by Eric Baird French and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my third essay, I estimate a learning-by-doing model using PSID data. By working longer hours in the present, an individual receives higher wages in the future. Estimates reveal that by increasing hours worked in a given year by 10%, next year's wage should increase by 1%.

Three Essays on the Labour Market Macroeconomics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Labour Market Macroeconomics by : Pedro Trivín

Download or read book Three Essays on the Labour Market Macroeconomics written by Pedro Trivín and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays in Labor Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays in Labor Market Dynamics by : Manuel E. Toledo

Download or read book Essays in Labor Market Dynamics written by Manuel E. Toledo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on Labor Market Dynamics in Brazil

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labor Market Dynamics in Brazil by : Laura Connolly

Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Market Dynamics in Brazil written by Laura Connolly and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first essay, we use linked employer-employee data for the formal labor market in Brazil to examine the relative importance of firm age and firm size for job creation and destruction in Brazil. We find that firm age is a more important determinant of job creation in Brazil than is firm size; young firms and firm start-ups create a relatively high number of jobs in Brazil. We also find that young firms are more likely to exit the market and have higher levels of employment volatility. We, therefore, condition the job creation analysis on job stability and find that young firms and large firms create most of the stable jobs in Brazil. In the second essay, I analyze the impact of a trade shock on gender-specific local labor market outcomes in Brazil. I use an instrumental variable approach and linked employer-employee data to estimate the effect of both increased imports from China and exports to China on labor market outcomes in Brazil. Exports to China increase female employment growth in both the traded sector and the non-traded sector. Increased trade with China also increases female wage growth in both sectors; however, this does not translate to any improvements in the average wage ratio. In the third and final essay, we analyze the effect of the China trade shock on labor market reallocation and migration in Brazil. Microregions more exposed to exports to China experienced higher migration rates, but those more exposed to imports from China experienced lower migration rates. Additionally, workers employed in microregions more exposed to increased imports are: (1) less likely to transition from the traded sector to nonemployment, but (2) more likely to transition from nonemployment to the nontraded sector. However, we do not find many significant effects of export exposure on labor reallocation across industries or nonemployment.

Three Essays on the Impact of Economic Change on the Labour Market

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Impact of Economic Change on the Labour Market by : Timo Leidecker

Download or read book Three Essays on the Impact of Economic Change on the Labour Market written by Timo Leidecker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays on Labor Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Labor Market Dynamics by : Christina Hyde Patterson

Download or read book Essays on Labor Market Dynamics written by Christina Hyde Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three chapters on labor market dynamics. In the first chapter, I show empirically that the unequal incidence of recessions is a core channel through which aggregate shocks are amplified. I show that the aggregate marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is larger when income shocks disproportionately hit high-MPC individuals, and I define the Matching Multiplier as the increase in the output multiplier originating from the matching of workers to jobs with different income elasticities - a greater matching multiplier translates into more powerful amplification in a range of business cycle models. Using administrative data from the United States, I document that the earnings of individuals with a higher marginal propensity to consume are more exposed to recessions. I show that this covariance between worker MPCs and the elasticity of their earnings to GDP is large enough to increase shock amplification by 40 percent over a benchmark in which all workers are equally exposed. Using local labor market variation, I validate this amplification mechanism by showing that areas with higher matching multipliers experience larger employment fluctuations over the business cycle. Lastly, I derive a generalization of the matching multiplier in an incomplete markets model and show numerically that this mechanism is quantitatively similar within this structural framework. In the second chapter, joint with David Autor, David Dorn, Lawrence Katz, and John Van Reenen, we explore the well-documented fall of labor's share of GDP in the United States and many other countries. Existing empirical assessments typically rely on industry or macro data, obscuring heterogeneity among firms. In this paper, we analyze micro panel data from the U.S. Economic Census since 1982 and document empirical patterns to assess a new interpretation of the fall in the labor share based on the rise of "superstar firms." If globalization or technological changes advantage the most productive firms in each industry, product market concentration will rise as industries become increasingly dominated by superstar firms. Since these firms have high markups and a low labor share of firm value-added and sales, this depresses the aggregate labor share. We empirically assess seven predictions of this hypothesis: (i) industry sales will increasingly concentrate in a small number of firms; (ii) industries where concentration rises most will have the largest declines in the labor share; (iii) the fall in the labor share will be driven largely by reallocation rather than a fall in the unweighted mean labor share across all firms; (iv) the between-firm reallocation component of the fall in the labor share will be greatest in the sectors with the largest increases in market concentration; (v) the industries that are becoming more concentrated will exhibit faster growth of productivity and innovation; (vi) the aggregate markup will rise more than the unweighted firm markup; and (vii) these patterns should be observed not only in U.S. firms, but also internationally. We find support for all of these predictions. In the third chapter, I explore how the distribution of tasks across industries affects labor market responses to shocks. I present a model in which task-level wages connect industries employing the same tasks, meaning that the distribution of tasks across industries insures some workers against shocks and alters their labor market experiences. Workers trained in more dispersed tasks (e.g. accountants) face less unemployment risk from industry-specific shocks than workers who do tasks that are concentrated in few industries (e.g. petroleum engineers). Using industry and regional data, I show empirical evidence that supports the model's predictions - industries that employ more specialized labor contract less in response to demand shocks than industries with less specialized labor. JEL Classifications: E21, J23, D33