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Three Essays On Corporate Liquidity Financial Crisis And Real Estate
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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Corporate Liquidity, Financial Crisis, and Real Estate by : Kimberly Fowler Luchtenberg
Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Liquidity, Financial Crisis, and Real Estate written by Kimberly Fowler Luchtenberg and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Corporate Liquidity, Financial Distress and Equity Returns by :
Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Liquidity, Financial Distress and Equity Returns written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Transparency, Systemic Risk, and Liquidity in Real Estate Markets by : Daniel Ruf
Download or read book Essays on Transparency, Systemic Risk, and Liquidity in Real Estate Markets written by Daniel Ruf and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays on transparency, systemic risk, and liquidity in real estate markets. The first essay proposes a benchmark portfolio that contains property markets with a higher level of pre-trade transparency to assess expected returns in opaque commercial real estate markets. We find empirical evidence of abnormal returns in opaque markets relative to the benchmark portfolio. Based on pre-trade transparency, we test for information-based co-movements between transparent and less transparent property markets. Revealed post-trade information of how changes in macroeconomic fundamentals affect the valuation of commercial real estate in transparent markets leads to spillover effects to less transparent markets. We also test for learning externalities from the benchmark portfolio to opaque markets. These externalities can be related to different learning-based investment strategies such as cultural familiarity or information advantages from specializing in opaque markets. The second essay analyzes systemic risk in financial center office markets. Based on the expected capital shortfall of financial institutions, we compute the total systemic risk in the banking sector of financial centers. We show that cross-sectional dependence and return co-movements among financial center office markets arise due to the systemic banking sector risk during financial turmoil periods. As crisis periods, we use the dotcom bubble burst in 2001 and the recent financial crisis 2007/2008. Exploiting spatial econometrics, we test for return co-movements among office markets during normal times as a placebo test and among counterfactual retail markets. We also show that the decline in office market returns during financial turmoil is larger in financial centers compared to non-financial centers. The last essay analyzes the impact of nearby located urban agglomeration centers on local rental housing market liquidity. The empirical.
Book Synopsis Essays on Liquidity in Finance and Real Estate Markets by : Qingqing Chang
Download or read book Essays on Liquidity in Finance and Real Estate Markets written by Qingqing Chang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies liquidity and its relationship with stock returns and real estate markets. Liquidity has wide ranging effects on financial markets and the financial crisis highlighted the important role played by liquidity in finance and real estate markets. The objective of this dissertation research is to examine the characteristics of liquidity in different financial markets and to study the effect of innovations in liquidity on stock return volatility. First, using high-frequency trading data on publicly-traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) and trading data on commercial real estate assets, we document the transmission of a liquidity shock from public to private markets. Furthermore we examine the relationship between liquidity in real estate markets (both public and private markets) and macroeconomic variables. We also show how the transmission mechanism differs between public and private markets. Second, using revisions to equity analyst consensus forecasts to measure cash-flow news directly, we are able to study the relationship between innovations in liquidity and stock-return volatility under the return-decomposition framework. We contend that both cash-flow news and expected return news correlate with liquidity shocks, and the cash-flow news component is a nontrivial channel through which liquidity correlates with stock returns. This dissertation research aims to fill in the gaps in the existing empirical literature on liquidity and sheds light on the important relationship between liquidity and stock returns.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Liquidity in the Fixed-income Markets by : Liang Guo
Download or read book Three Essays on Liquidity in the Fixed-income Markets written by Liang Guo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation looks at the liquidity issues in the fixed-income markets during the recent subprime crisis. It contains three chapters. The recent crisis has resulted in many observed deviations in relative asset price. The first two chapters study how liquidity crisis affects the relative asset pricing in the fixed-income market. Chapter 1 looks at two relative assets, Credit default swap (CDS) and its corresponding reference corporate bond, and I observe huge negative deviations in the arbitrage based parity relationship between CDS price and corresponding corporate bond yield spreads for the period 6/2008 to 9/2009. And Chapter 2 examines credit spreads between corporate bond yields and treasury bond yields. I found some instance of negative credit spreads during the financial crisis. However, all those observations in these two chapters are not consistent with the arbitrage-based pricing theory and, therefore, have drawn the attention of policy makers and market participants alike. In those two chapters I propose that arbitrage trading is also risky and constraint. In particular, I focus on the types of liquidity-funding and asset specific liquidity and their role in determining relative asset prices. I provide the empirical evidence that the observation of arbitrage mispricing between two relative assets in the credit risk market can be explained by the funding liquidity constraints and asset specific liquidity constraints during the recent financial crisis period. Collectively my analysis contributes to a recent debate regarding the impact of liquidity on relative asset prices. Chapter 3 investigates the impact of parameter uncertainty on corporate bond liquidity before and after the onset of the recent crisis. Using monthly corporate bond data for the period 2005 to 2010, firm level parameters implied by a structural model of corporate debt are used to construct proxies for parameter uncertainty. I find that uncertainty about firm parameters decreases trading volume but increases bid-ask spreads and pricing bouncing in the cross-section and across time. Parameter uncertainty increases during the crisis period, and negatively impacts market liquidity. But there is weak evidence that parameter uncertainty may help forecast liquidity in the corporate bond market. Collectively the empirical results provide a rationale for time-varying liquidity dynamics in the corporate bond market.
Book Synopsis Two Essays on Corporate Liquidity Management by : Chang Liu (Writer on finance)
Download or read book Two Essays on Corporate Liquidity Management written by Chang Liu (Writer on finance) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation contains two essays regarding corporate liquidity management. In the first essay, we find that personal connections between borrowers and lenders have a significant impact on the choice of corporate liquidity. Connected firms tend to obtain larger credit lines and hold less cash. Closer personal ties result in easier access to credit lines during economic shocks, such as financial crisis and negative news of credit quality. In addition, connections help firms with tighter financial constraints or higher risk obtain larger amount of credit lines. Connections also increase the amount of credit lines of borrowers with less public debt. Overall, our findings suggest that reduced asymmetric information between borrowers and lenders can improve corporate liquidity management. In the second essay, we study the relationship between corporate liquidity choice and market value by using the market-to-book decomposition of Rhodes-Kropf, Robinson, and Viswanathan (2005). We find that sector overvaluation or long-run growth usually increase the portion of cash in the total corporate liquidity. The effect is stronger in firms with larger growth opportunities, better corporate governance, or longer investor horizons. Moreover, the choice between cash and credit lines for firms without credit ratings are more sensitive to the sector overvaluation or long-run growth. In addition, we find sector error and long-run growth have stronger effects on corporate liquidity in the long horizons.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Hidden Liquidity in Financial Markets by : Gökhan Cebiroglu
Download or read book Three Essays on Hidden Liquidity in Financial Markets written by Gökhan Cebiroglu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Real Estate and Financial Crisis by :
Download or read book Essays on Real Estate and Financial Crisis written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays in Macroeconomics and Financial Frictions by : Christine N. Tewfik
Download or read book Essays in Macroeconomics and Financial Frictions written by Christine N. Tewfik and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation is comprised of three papers on the causes and consequences of the U.S. Great Recession. The emphasis is on the role that financial frictions play in magnifying financial shocks, as well as in informing the effectiveness of potential policies. Chapter 1, "Financial Frictions, Investment Delay and Asset Market Interventions," co-authored with Shouyong Shi, studies the role of investment delay in propagating different types of financial shocks, and how this role impacts the effectiveness of asset market interventions. The topic is motivated by the observation that, during the Great Recession, governments conducted large-scale asset market interventions. The aim was to increase the level of liquidity in the asset market and make it easier for firms to obtain financing. However, firms were observed to have delayed investment by hoarding liquid funds, part of which were obtained through the interventions. We construct a dynamic macro model to incorporate financial frictions and investment delay. Investment is undertaken by entrepreneurs who face liquidity frictions in the equity market and a collateral constraint in the debt market. After calibrating the model to the U.S. data, we quantitatively examine how aggregate activity is affected by two types of financial shocks: (i) a shock to equity liquidity, and (ii) a shock to entrepreneurs' borrowing capacity. We then analyze the effectiveness of government interventions in the asset market after such financial shocks. In particular, we compare the effects of government purchases of private equity and of private debt in the open market. In addition, we examine how these effects of government interventions depend on the option to delay investment. In Chapter 2, "Housing Liquidity and Unemployment: The Role of Firm Financial Frictions," I build upon the role that firms' ability to obtain funding plays in the severity of the Great Recession. I focus specifically on how the housing crisis reduced the ability of firms to obtain funding, and the consequences for unemployment. An important feature I focus on is the role of housing liquidity, or how easy it is to sell or buy a house. I analyze how an initial fall in housing market liquidity, linked to rising foreclosure costs for banks, affects labor market outcomes, which can have further feedback effects. I focus on the role that firm financial frictions play in these feedback effects. To this end, I construct a dynamic macro model that incorporates frictional housing and labor markets, as well as firm financial frictions. Mortgages are obtained from banks that incur foreclosure costs in the event of default. Foreclosure costs also affect the ease with which firms can borrow, and this influences their hiring decisions. I calibrate the model to U.S. data, and find that a rise in foreclosure costs that generates a 10% fall in the firm loan-to-output ratio results in a 3 percentage point rise in the unemployment rate. The rise in unemployment makes it more difficult for indebted owners to avoid defaulting on their mortgage. This rise in default, on the order of 20 percent, creates further slack in the housing market by both increasing the number of houses on the market and reducing the amount of buyers. Consequently, there are large drops in housing prices and in the size of mortgage loans. Notably, when firm financial frictions are absent, I observe a counter-factual fall in the unemployment rate, which mitigates the effects on the housing market, and even results in a fall in the mortgage default rate. The results highlight the importance of the impact of the housing market crisis on a firm's willingness to hire, and how firms' limited access to credit magnifies the initial housing shock. In Chapter 3, "Housing Market Distress and Unemployment: A Dynamic Analysis," I add to the contributions of my second paper, and extend the analysis to determine the dynamic effects of the housing crisis on unemployment. In Chapter 2, I focused on comparing stationary equilibria when there is a rise in the foreclosure costs associated with mortgage default. However, a full analysis must also take into account the dynamic effects of the shock. In order to do the dynamic analysis, I modify the model in my job market paper to satisfy the conditions of block recursivity. I do this by incorporating Hedlund's (2016) technique of introducing real estate agents in the housing market that match separately with buyers and sellers. Doing this makes the model's endogenous variables independent of the distribution of households and firms. Rather, the impact of the distribution is summarized by the shadow value of housing. This greatly improves the tractability of the model, and allows me to compute the dynamic response to a fall in a bank's ability to sell a foreclosed house, thus raising the costs of mortgage default. I find that the results are largely dependent on the size and persistence of the shock, as well as the level of firm financial frictions that are present. When firm financial frictions are high, as represented by the presence of an interest rate premium charged to firms, and the initial shock is large, the shock is transferred to firms via an endogenous rise in the cost of renting capital. Firms scale back on production and reduce employment. The rise in unemployment increases the debt burden for households with large mortgages. They can try and sell, but find it difficult to do so because they must sell at a high price to be able to pay off their debt. If they fail, they are forced to default, thus further raising the mortgage costs of banks, further reducing resources to firms, and propagating the initial shock. However, the extent of the propagation is limited; once the shock wears off, the economy recovers to its pre-crisis levels within two quarters. I discuss the reasons why, and what elements would be needed for greater persistence.
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monetary Policy and Discount Window Lending During the Financial Crisis by : Cuiyi Zhang
Download or read book Monetary Policy and Discount Window Lending During the Financial Crisis written by Cuiyi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies monetary policy during the financial crisis. Particularly, the three essays investigate the transmission channel and effect Discount Window (DW) and Term Auction Facility (TAF) as well as the optimal policy conduct during crisis period. In the first essay, we examine the transmission channels of the Federal Reserve's maturity extension policy on DW and TAF activity during the crisis period. Specifically, we separate the maturities and the size of loans to differentiate the effects of overnight fund availability from maturity extension. Our findings indicate that maturity extension of DW loans promoted long-term (LT) lending by small banks in the banking sector, but this was generally limited to the time before the failure of Lehman Brothers. Finally, maturity extension of the TAF promoted residential real estate (RRE) lending by medium and large banks. In the second chapter, we seek to examine the impact of mortgage recourse provisions on the effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's maturity extension policy during the crisis. Our results indicate that banks that were operating in non-recourse states did have a higher probability to borrow from the DW in comparison to their peers in recourse states. Moreover, small-sized banks in non-recourse states tended to borrow for longer maturities, especially after the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. Furthermore, the effect of maturity extension at the Federal Reserve's Term lending programs was weaker among non-recourse banks. In the last chapter, we develop a general equilibrium framework in which banks perform two important functions in the financial system 0́4 risk pooling and lending services. In doing so, the paper thoroughly investigates how the effects of monetary policy depend on the distribution of liquidity risk and demand for loans in the economy. When the rate of money growth is sufficiently high, monetary policy is superneutral in parts of the economy but non-superneutral to the rest. Finally, if there is more liquidity risk in parts of the economy, it is optimal to adopt a lower rate of money growth. However, if such an increase happens in the lower liquidity risk region, the optimal policy is the opposite.
Book Synopsis Essays on Post-crisis Commercial Banking by : Wesley Blake Marsh
Download or read book Essays on Post-crisis Commercial Banking written by Wesley Blake Marsh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation seeks to contribute to the understanding of the effect of regulation on bank behavior. Following the 2007-2009 financial crisis and the subsequent recession, bank regulators proposed a drastic overhaul of the financial system and their regulatory powers. Commercial banks, in particular, were required to hold higher levels of capital and liquidity and were subject to increased oversight of their business activities. Each chapter of this dissertation examines the effects of a particular aspect of these regulatory changes. Chapter 2 finds that U.S.-based capital and liquidity buffers may help to mitigate the effects of shocks originating abroad on U.S. loan markets. It finds that banks more closely tied to their foreign parents exhibit greater reductions in commercial loan exposures than banks with U.S.-based buffers. Chapter 3 examines the effect of regulatory guidance issued just prior to the crisis that targeted commercial real estate lending. Similar guidance has become more commonplace following the financial crisis. The results indicate that while the affected banks reduced lending in the targeted asset class, there were spillovers into other loan categories, suggesting that "macroprudential" regulations targeting specific asset buildups may have unintended consequences. Finally, Chapter 4 examines the effect of including fluctuations in the price of securities in banks' regulatory capital. This study finds that securities price volatility rises during times of interest rate and macroeconomic instability, suggesting that regulators may be prudent to require banks to hold capital against such price variations. Overall, the dissertation contributes to the understanding of the various and wide-ranging regulatory changes that regulators have implemented since the financial crisis. This is achieved by exploiting previously unused historical information, in the form of data or pre-crisis era regulatory actions, which shed light on the outcomes that we may expect from these new regulations.
Book Synopsis Liquidity and Crises by : Franklin Allen
Download or read book Liquidity and Crises written by Franklin Allen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2011-02-03 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One important cause of the 2007-2009 crisis was illiquidity combined with exposure of many financial institutions to liquidity needs. But what is liquidity and why is it so important for financial institutions to command enough liquidity? This book brings together classic articles and recent contributions to this important field.
Book Synopsis All the Devils Are Here by : Bethany McLean
Download or read book All the Devils Are Here written by Bethany McLean and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hailed as "the best business book of 2010" (Huffington Post), this New York Times bestseller about the 2008 financial crisis brings the devastation of the Great Recession to life. As soon as the financial crisis erupted, the finger-pointing began. Should the blame fall on Wall Street, Main Street, or Pennsylvania Avenue? On greedy traders, misguided regulators, sleazy subprime companies, cowardly legislators, or clueless home buyers? According to Bethany McLean and Joe Nocera, two of America's most acclaimed business journalists, many devils helped bring hell to the economy. All the Devils Are Here goes back several decades to weave the hidden history of the financial crisis in a way no previous book has done. It explores the motivations of everyone from famous CEOs, cabinet secretaries, and politicians to anonymous lenders, borrowers, analysts, and Wall Street traders. It delves into the powerful American mythology of homeownership. And it proves that the crisis ultimately wasn't about finance at all; it was about human nature. Just as McLean's The Smartest Guys in the Room was hailed as the best Enron book on a crowded shelf, so will All the Devils Are Here be remembered for finally making sense of the financial meltdown and its consequences.
Book Synopsis Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications by : Mr.Stijn Claessens
Download or read book Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications written by Mr.Stijn Claessens and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the literature on financial crises focusing on three specific aspects. First, what are the main factors explaining financial crises? Since many theories on the sources of financial crises highlight the importance of sharp fluctuations in asset and credit markets, the paper briefly reviews theoretical and empirical studies on developments in these markets around financial crises. Second, what are the major types of financial crises? The paper focuses on the main theoretical and empirical explanations of four types of financial crises—currency crises, sudden stops, debt crises, and banking crises—and presents a survey of the literature that attempts to identify these episodes. Third, what are the real and financial sector implications of crises? The paper briefly reviews the short- and medium-run implications of crises for the real economy and financial sector. It concludes with a summary of the main lessons from the literature and future research directions.
Book Synopsis Development of a Forecasting Model to Predict the Downturn and Upturn of a Real Estate Market in the Inland Empire by : Thomas F. Flynn
Download or read book Development of a Forecasting Model to Predict the Downturn and Upturn of a Real Estate Market in the Inland Empire written by Thomas F. Flynn and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amidst the dramatic real estate fluctuations in the first decade of the twenty-first century, this study recognized that there is a necessity to create a real estate prediction model for future real estate ventures and prevention of losses such as the mortgage meltdown and housing bust. This real estate prediction model study sought to reinstall the integrity into the American building and development industry, which was tarnished by the sudden emergence of various publications offering get-rich-quick schemes. In the fast-paced and competitive world of lending and real estate development, it is becoming more complex to combine current and evolving factors into a profitable business model. This prediction model correlated past real estate cycle pinpoints to economical driving forces in order to create an ongoing formula. The study used a descriptive, secondary interpretation of raw data already available. Quarterly data was taken from the study's seven independent variables over a 24-year span from 1985 to 2009 to examine the correlation over two real estate cycles. Public information from 97 quarters (1985-2009) was also gathered on seven topics: consumer confidence, loan origination volume, construction employment statistics, migration, GDP, inflation, and interest rates. The Null hypothesis underwent a test of variance at a .05 level of significance. Multiple regression analysis uncovered that four of seven variables have correlated and could predict movement in real estate cycle evidence from previous data, based in the Inland Empire. GDP, interest rates, loan origination volume, and inflation were the four economical driving variables that completed the Inland Empire's real estate prediction model and global test. Findings from this study certify that there is correlation between economical driving factors and the real estate cycle. These correlations illustrate patterns and trends, which can become a prediction model using statistics. By interpreting and examining the data, this study believes that the prediction model is best utilized through pinpointing an exact numerical location by running calculations through the established global equation, and recommends further research and regular update of quarterly trends and movements in the real estate cycle and specific variables in the formula.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
