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Three Essays On Corporate Bond Market Liquidity
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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Corporate Bond Market Liquidity by : Jens Dick-Nielsen
Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Bond Market Liquidity written by Jens Dick-Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three essays study the US corporate bond market with special attention to bond liquidity. All essays are empirical studies which rely heavily on the availability of transactions data. Earlier studies had to use quoted bond prices for empirical studies, but with the introduction of the TRACE system and with the following dissemination of transaction prices the data quality on corporate bonds has improved immensely. In the years after 2000 a range of studies assessed the performance of structural credit risk models and found that they were not able to fully explain the size of the average credit spread for corporate bonds. Huang and Huang (2003) suggested (among others) that the remaining non-default-component of the credit spread was an illiquidity premium. Using transaction data this thesis studies the impact of illiquidity and trading frictions on corporate bonds.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Liquidity in the Fixed-income Markets by : Liang Guo
Download or read book Three Essays on Liquidity in the Fixed-income Markets written by Liang Guo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation looks at the liquidity issues in the fixed-income markets during the recent subprime crisis. It contains three chapters. The recent crisis has resulted in many observed deviations in relative asset price. The first two chapters study how liquidity crisis affects the relative asset pricing in the fixed-income market. Chapter 1 looks at two relative assets, Credit default swap (CDS) and its corresponding reference corporate bond, and I observe huge negative deviations in the arbitrage based parity relationship between CDS price and corresponding corporate bond yield spreads for the period 6/2008 to 9/2009. And Chapter 2 examines credit spreads between corporate bond yields and treasury bond yields. I found some instance of negative credit spreads during the financial crisis. However, all those observations in these two chapters are not consistent with the arbitrage-based pricing theory and, therefore, have drawn the attention of policy makers and market participants alike. In those two chapters I propose that arbitrage trading is also risky and constraint. In particular, I focus on the types of liquidity-funding and asset specific liquidity and their role in determining relative asset prices. I provide the empirical evidence that the observation of arbitrage mispricing between two relative assets in the credit risk market can be explained by the funding liquidity constraints and asset specific liquidity constraints during the recent financial crisis period. Collectively my analysis contributes to a recent debate regarding the impact of liquidity on relative asset prices. Chapter 3 investigates the impact of parameter uncertainty on corporate bond liquidity before and after the onset of the recent crisis. Using monthly corporate bond data for the period 2005 to 2010, firm level parameters implied by a structural model of corporate debt are used to construct proxies for parameter uncertainty. I find that uncertainty about firm parameters decreases trading volume but increases bid-ask spreads and pricing bouncing in the cross-section and across time. Parameter uncertainty increases during the crisis period, and negatively impacts market liquidity. But there is weak evidence that parameter uncertainty may help forecast liquidity in the corporate bond market. Collectively the empirical results provide a rationale for time-varying liquidity dynamics in the corporate bond market.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Corporate Bonds Yield Spreads, Credit Ratings and Liquidity by : Elmira Shekari Namin
Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Bonds Yield Spreads, Credit Ratings and Liquidity written by Elmira Shekari Namin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Basis Risk of Fixed Income Securities by : Long Chen
Download or read book Three Essays on the Basis Risk of Fixed Income Securities written by Long Chen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three essays can be regarded as studies on the basis risk of fixed income securities. They investigate the spreads among different bonds. The first essay, Market Risk and Credit Risk in a General Equilibrium Model, assumes perfect liquidity and focuses on the credit spread. By incorporating credit risk into the standard asset pricing models, it provides one of the first studies on how credit spread relates to market risk, including equity risk, interest risk, and inflation risk. The second essay, Illiquidity and Expected Return of Treasury Securities, focuses on Treasury bonds with zero default risk. The yield spreads among the bonds are solely due to liquidity difference. We derive, quantitatively, how this spread is related to the bid-ask spread, brokerage fee, bond maturity, and investors? expected holding period. It is one of the first theoretical models on the liquidity of treasury securities. The third essay, An Indirect Estimation of the Transaction Costs of Corporate Bonds, is an empirical estimation of the transaction costs of corporate bonds. It is observed that bonds with less liquidity tend to be the ones with lower credit rating quality. Liquidity risk and credit risk are thus intertwined. We are able to separate their effects and obtain estimates for liquidity spreads and credit spreads. In summary, the first essay studies credit risk; the second studies liquidity risk, and the third, as an empirical study, investigates both issues. They jointly contribute to the understanding of the basis risk of fixed income securities.
Book Synopsis Essays on Corporate Bond Market Liquidity and Dealer Behavior by : Andreas Christian Rapp
Download or read book Essays on Corporate Bond Market Liquidity and Dealer Behavior written by Andreas Christian Rapp and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Market Microstructure of U.S. Corporate Bond Markets by : Brian Mattmann
Download or read book Three Essays on the Market Microstructure of U.S. Corporate Bond Markets written by Brian Mattmann and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Microstructure to Macro Implications by : Alexey Ivashchenko
Download or read book From Microstructure to Macro Implications written by Alexey Ivashchenko and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thèse. HEC. 2020.
Book Synopsis Two Essays on the Corporate Bond Market by : George Theocharides
Download or read book Two Essays on the Corporate Bond Market written by George Theocharides and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of twopapers. The first paper examines the propagation of firm-specific shocks as well as market-wide shocks between 1995-2003 using Treasury and corporate bond market data. It then tests the implications of previously proposed models of contagion. I find little support for the industry and counterparty structure hypothesis, suggesting that fundamentals do not generate contagion. Consistent with the information transmission, rebalancing, and liquidity-shock hypotheses, I find evidence of flight to quality during the event periods. However, in contrast to the prediction of the liquidity-shock channel, the corporate bond market, on average, seems to be more liquid during event periods (evidenced by higher trading volume, trading frequency, and mean bond age). Furthermore, there are no significant changes in the trading of assets with the low transaction costs, which is contrary to the rebalancing theory. These findings are more in favor of the correlated information channel as a means of inducing contagion. The second paper examines the effect of liquidity on corporate bond prices using the newly formed TRACE data set. In the spirit of Acharya and Pedersen's (2005) liquidity-adjusted capital asset pricing model (LCAPM), I examine the impact of multiple sources of risk on corporate bond prices. The results do not lend strong support for the existence of liquidity risk in the corporate bond market or for the LCAPM, especially when liquidity is captured using the trading frequency, trading volume, and turnover. Contrary to the predictions of the LCAPM, more illiquid portfolios do not have higher values for the three liquidity betas; betas that capture the commonality in liquidity with the market, the sensitivity in returns with the market-wide liquidity, and the liquidity sensitivity with the market returns. Furthermore, after running cross-sectional regressions I do not find strong evidence either for the validity of the model or that liquidity risk does matter for the corporate bond prices.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Liquidity Shocks and Their Implication for Asset Pricing and Valuation Models by : Nardos M. Beyene
Download or read book Three Essays on Liquidity Shocks and Their Implication for Asset Pricing and Valuation Models written by Nardos M. Beyene and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of my three essays is to incorporate liquidity shocks and the linkages between the liquidity condition of financial markets into asset pricing and valuation models. The first essay focuses on the liquidity adjusted capital asset pricing model, while the second and the third essays examine the popular asset valuation model called the Fed model. The first essay investigates the pricing of the commonality risk in the U.S. stock market by using a more comprehensive market illiquidity measure that can reflect the liquidity condition of different asset markets. This measure is given by the yield difference between commercial paper and treasury bill. In addition, consistent with the definition of commonality risk, I form portfolios based on the sensitivity of each stock's illiquidity to the market-wide illiquidity. Using monthly data from January 1997 to December 2016 and the conditional version of the Liquidity-adjusted Capital Asset Pricing Model (LCAPM) estimated by the Dynamic Conditional Correlation approach, I find a significant commonality risk premium of 0.022% and 0.014% per year for 12-month and 24-month holding periods, respectively. This premium estimate is significantly higher than those found using the market illiquidity measure and estimation procedures from previous studies. These findings provide evidence that a security's easiness in terms of tradability at times of liquidity dry up is extremely important. It is also higher than the excess return associated with other forms of liquidity risk. In addition, the paper finds a variation in the estimated commonality risk premium over time, with values being higher during periods of market turmoil. Moreover, estimating the LCAPM with the yield difference between commercial paper and treasury bill as a measure of market illiquidity performs better in predicting returns for the low commonality risk portfolios. The second essay examines the inflation illusion hypothesis in explaining the high correlation between government bond yield and stock yield as implied by the Fed model. According to the inflation illusion hypothesis, there is mis-pricing in the stock market due to the failure of investors to adjust their cash flow expectation to inflation. This led to a co-movement in stock yield and government bond yield. I use the Gordon Growth model to determine the mis-pricing component in the stock market. In the next step, the correlation between bond yield and stock yield is estimated using the Asymmetric Generalized Dynamic Conditional Correlation (AG-DCC) model. Finally, I regress this correlation on mis-pricing and two other control variables, GDP and inflation. I use monthly data from January 1983 to December 2016. Consistent with the Fed model, the paper finds a significant positive correlation between the yield on government bonds and stock yield, with an average correlation of 0.942 - 0.997. However, in contrast to the inflation illusion hypothesis, mis-pricing in the stock market has an insignificant impact on this correlation. The third essay provides liquidity shocks contagion between the stock market and the corporate bond market as the driving force behind the high correlation between the yield on stocks and the yield on government bonds as implied by the Fed model. The idea is that when liquidity drops in the stock market, firms' credit risk rises because the deterioration in the liquidity of equities traded in the stock market increases the firms' default probability. Consequently, investors' preferences shift away from corporate bonds to government bonds. Higher demand for government bonds keeps their yield low, leading to a co-movement of government bond yield and stock yield. In order to test this liquidity-based explanation, the paper first examines the interdependence between liquidity in the stock and corporate bond markets using the Markov switching model, and a time series non-parametric technique called the Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM). In order to see the response of government bond yield and stock yield to liquidity shocks in the stock market, the study implements an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Using monthly data from January 1997 to December 2016, the paper presents strong evidence of liquidity shocks transmission form the stock market to the corporate bond market. Furthermore, liquidity shocks in the stock market are found to have a significant impact on the stock yield. These findings support the illiquidity contagion explanation provided in this paper.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Corporate Bonds Issuance and Trading by : Violetta Y. Davydenko
Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Bonds Issuance and Trading written by Violetta Y. Davydenko and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Corporate Liquidity, Financial Crisis, and Real Estate by : Kimberly Fowler Luchtenberg
Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Liquidity, Financial Crisis, and Real Estate written by Kimberly Fowler Luchtenberg and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Corporate Bonds and Their Impacts on Firms' Investment Decisions by : Ming Fang
Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Bonds and Their Impacts on Firms' Investment Decisions written by Ming Fang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Over-the-Counter Financial Markets by : Shuo Liu
Download or read book Essays on Over-the-Counter Financial Markets written by Shuo Liu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters that study dealer's endogenous search effort in over-the-counter (OTC) financial markets and its effect on asset's liquidity risk in U.S. corporate bond markets. In Chapter 1, I study dealer's search intensity using a transaction-level data set on U.S. corporate bonds. The main target of this chapter is to test whether dealer's search intensity is endogenously determined by their idiosyncratic states and how search intensity affects market efficiency. Existing literatures commonly do not consider dealer's continuous adjustment of search intensity in search-and-match models and there is no paper using transaction-level data to estimate the dealer-level state-dependent search intensity. In this paper, I propose a search-and-match model with dealers' endogeneous and state-dependent search intensity and estimate it using the TRACE data for the U.S. corporate bond market. I find that: [1] if we rank all dealers by their private valuations for holding the bond, the dealer of the middle-level private valuation will choose the highest level of search intensity, and she works as the "dealer of dealers" to reallocate bond positions from the low-type dealers to the high-type dealers; [2] the estimated model gives us a quantitative evaluation of the inefficiency due to the decentralized market structure. At the average level across all sub-markets in our sample, the model estimates that dealers' search cost is 0.75% of bond's face value, and there is on average 8.64% of bond positions being misallocated, comparing with a counterfactual frictionless market. In conclusion, the decentralized market structure generates 8.96% welfare loss relative to the frictionless one. In Chapter 2, I study the correlation between corporate bond's misallocation among dealers and liquidity risk. This chapter bridges the literature on search-and-match models and the literature on explaining the non-default component of corporate bond's credit spread variations. In this paper, I propose a measure of bond's misallocation among dealers. This measure is based on a structural search-and-match model, and is defined as the cross-sectional covariance of dealers' idiosyncratic private valuations for holding the bond and their actual inventory positions in the bond. Using the TRACE data for the U.S. corporate bond market, I construct a panel data which contains yearly series of empirical estimates of bond's misallocation and liquidity risk, and verify that: at the bond level, a higher magnitude of misallocation among the dealers is associated with a higher magnitude of liquidity risk. This finding gives a preliminary market microstructural evidence supporting that: the distribution of market maker's states correlates with the magnitude of asset's liquidity risk. In Chapter 3, I theoretically study the social optimal policy function of dealer's meeting technology in over-the-counter markets. This chapter contributes to the existing literature by considering the dealer-level state-dependent meeting technology in a random search model and obtaining explicit-form solutions of the social optimal policy functions. In the model, I allow the agents (dealers) to freely adjust their meeting technologies based on two types of idiosyncratic states: asset position and liquidity need. I find that in the social optimal policy functions, there is no intermediation in the sense that no dealer will choose to search simultaneously on both the buy side and sell side of the market. This result applies for a general form of search-cost function.
Download or read book Three Essays on written by Eric Rosengen and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays in Over-the-counter Markets by : Yu An
Download or read book Essays in Over-the-counter Markets written by Yu An and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three essays, which examine several issues in over-the-counter financial markets. The first essay shows that dealers build socially excessive inventories in order to compete for market share. The distortion in pricing is empirically identified using transaction level data in the U.S. corporate bond market. The second essay shows that the two roles of a dealer, immediacy provision and matchmaking, create a conflict of interest. A direct implication is that bid-ask spread is a misleading measure of immediacy provision. The third essay introduces reducible intermediation chains in order to quantitatively measure search frictions in over-the-counter markets. This allows us to categorize intermediation chains by their primary intermediation incentives. Specifically, the first essay shows that dealers in over-the-counter markets build socially excessive inventories in order to compete for market share and get the associated intermediation rents. Using the TRACE dataset for the U.S. corporate bond market, I find that, excluding the crisis, the incentive to build inventory raises dealers' bid prices for corporate bonds by an average of 5 basis points. During the crisis, this effect was reversed by 23 basis points of implied additional dealer balance-sheet costs. The second essay, co-authored with Zeyu Zheng, shows that the two roles of a dealer, immediacy provision and matchmaking, create a conflict of interest that leads dealers to hold inefficiently high levels of inventory in order to extract additional rents from customers. Because of this, bid-ask spread is a misleading measure of immediacy provision. Our model suggests the use of execution delays as an additional measure of immediacy provision. The third essay, co-authored with Yang Song and Xingtan Zhang, introduces reducible intermediation chains in order to quantitatively measure search frictions in over-the-counter markets. This allows us to categorize intermediation chains by their primary intermediation incentives. Using interdealer trades in the U.S. corporate bond market, we discover new types of intermediation chains that are not formed to mitigate search frictions or to facilitate liquidity provision. Instead, these chains arise when dealers intermediate trades for other dealers in order to unwind positions at a profit.
Book Synopsis Three Essays in Macro-Finance by : David Ciaran Lindsay
Download or read book Three Essays in Macro-Finance written by David Ciaran Lindsay and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Chapter 1, I use a structural approach, to quantify the effect of land-use regulations on different age and education groups. I estimate a dynamic spatial structural equilibrium model of household location choice, local housing supply, and amenity supply. I show that in the long-run, removing land-use restrictions benefits all household groups and increases aggregate consumption by 7.1%. These consumption gains vary across households, less educated and younger households see increases in consumption about twice as large as more educated or older households. In contrast, in the short-run, removing land-use regulations reduces the consumption of older-richer homeowners while increasing the consumption of younger renters. In a counterfactual 1990-2019 transition, abolishing land-use regulations reduces the consumption of households born before the mid-1960s, while increasing consumption of more recent generations. In Chapter 2, co-authored with Mahyar Kargar, Benjamin Lester, Shuo Liu, Pierre-Olivier Weill, Diego Zuniga, we study liquidity conditions in the corporate bond market during the COVID-19 pandemic. We document that the cost of trading immediately via risky-principal trades dramatically increased at the height of the sell-off, forcing customers to shift toward slower agency trades. Exploiting eligibility requirements, we show that the Federal Reserve's corporate credit facilities have had a positive effect on market liquidity. A structural estimation reveals that customers' willingness to pay for immediacy increased by about 200 bps per dollar of transaction, but quickly subsided after the Fed announced its interventions. Dealers' marginal cost also increased substantially but did not fully subside. In Chapter 3, co-authored with Diego Zuniga, we study inter-dealer trading patterns in the US corporate bond market. We document that dealers trade with only a small group of other dealers and that this group of dealers is highly persistent over time. We show that the longer a dealer pair have been trading the more likely that they will continue to trade and the larger the bilateral volume traded between them. We measure trading costs between dealers and show that stronger relationship leads to lower trading costs. Motivated by our empirical work we develop a structural model of trading relationships. The existence of double marginalization leads to inefficiency. We show that the repeated nature of the interactions between dealers allows them to form relationships and hence restore optimality.
Book Synopsis Three Essays in Financial Economics by : Eric Neis
Download or read book Three Essays in Financial Economics written by Eric Neis and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
