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Thinking Things Through An Introduction To Philosophical Issues And Achievements
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Book Synopsis Thinking Things Through by : Clark N. Glymour
Download or read book Thinking Things Through written by Clark N. Glymour and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking Things Through provides a broad, historical, and rigorous introduction to the logical tradition in philosophy and to its contemporary significance. The presentation is centered around three of the most fruitful issues in Western thought: What are proofs, and why do they provide knowledge? How can experience be used to gain knowledge or to alter beliefs in a rational way? What is the nature of mind and of mental events and mental states? In a clear and lively style, Glymour describes these key philosophical problems and traces attempts to solve them, from ancient Greece to the present. Thinking Things Through reveals the philosophical sources of modern work in logic, the theory of computation, Bayesian statistics, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, and it connects these subjects with contemporary problems in epistemology and metaphysics. The text is full of examples and problems, and an instructor's manual is available.Clark Glymour is Alumni Professor of Philosophy at Carnegie-Mellon University and Adjunct Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh.
Book Synopsis Thinking Things Through, second edition by : Clark Glymour
Download or read book Thinking Things Through, second edition written by Clark Glymour and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of a unique introductory text, offering an account of the logical tradition in philosophy and its influence on contemporary scientific disciplines. Thinking Things Through offers a broad, historical, and rigorous introduction to the logical tradition in philosophy and its contemporary significance. It is unique among introductory philosophy texts in that it considers both the historical development and modern fruition of a few central questions. It traces the influence of philosophical ideas and arguments on modern logic, statistics, decision theory, computer science, cognitive science, and public policy. The text offers an account of the history of speculation and argument, and the development of theories of deductive and probabilistic reasoning. It considers whether and how new knowledge of the world is possible at all, investigates rational decision making and causality, explores the nature of mind, and considers ethical theories. Suggestions for reading, both historical and contemporary, accompany most chapters. This second edition includes four new chapters, on decision theory and causal relations, moral and political theories, “moral tools” such as game theory and voting theory, and ethical theories and their relation to real-world issues. Examples have been updated throughout, and some new material has been added. It is suitable for use in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate classes in philosophy, and as an ancillary text for students in computer science and the natural sciences.
Book Synopsis Thinking Things Through, second edition by : Clark Glymour
Download or read book Thinking Things Through, second edition written by Clark Glymour and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of a unique introductory text, offering an account of the logical tradition in philosophy and its influence on contemporary scientific disciplines. Thinking Things Through offers a broad, historical, and rigorous introduction to the logical tradition in philosophy and its contemporary significance. It is unique among introductory philosophy texts in that it considers both the historical development and modern fruition of a few central questions. It traces the influence of philosophical ideas and arguments on modern logic, statistics, decision theory, computer science, cognitive science, and public policy. The text offers an account of the history of speculation and argument, and the development of theories of deductive and probabilistic reasoning. It considers whether and how new knowledge of the world is possible at all, investigates rational decision making and causality, explores the nature of mind, and considers ethical theories. Suggestions for reading, both historical and contemporary, accompany most chapters. This second edition includes four new chapters, on decision theory and causal relations, moral and political theories, “moral tools” such as game theory and voting theory, and ethical theories and their relation to real-world issues. Examples have been updated throughout, and some new material has been added. It is suitable for use in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate classes in philosophy, and as an ancillary text for students in computer science and the natural sciences.
Book Synopsis A Theory of Philosophical Fallacies by : Leonard Nelson
Download or read book A Theory of Philosophical Fallacies written by Leonard Nelson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-07 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented as a Vorlesung in the German philosophical tradition, this book presents the most detailed account of Nelson’s method of argument analysis, celebrated by many luminaries such as Karl Popper. It was written in 1921 in opposition to the relativistic, subjectivistic and nihilistic tendencies of Nelson’s time. The book contains an exposition of a method that is a further development of Kant’s transcendental dialectics, followed by an application to the critical analysis of arguments by many famous thinkers, including Bentham, Mill, Poincaré, Leibniz, Hegel, Einstein, Bergson, Rickert, Simmel, Brentano, Stammler, Jellinek, Dingler, and Meinong. The book presents a general theory of philosophical argumentation as seen from the viewpoint of the typical fallacies committed by anybody arguing philosophically, whether professional philosophers or philosophical laypeople. Although the nature of philosophy and philosophical argumentation is one of the most recurrent objects of reflection for philosophers, this book represents the first attempt at a general theory of philosophical fallacy. According to Nelson, it is in the shape of false dilemmas that errors in reasoning always emerge, and false dilemmas are always the result of the same mechanism--the unwitting replacement of one concept for another.
Book Synopsis How Philosophers Argue by : Fernando Leal
Download or read book How Philosophers Argue written by Fernando Leal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-21 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a double argumentative analysis of the debate between Bertrand Russell and Frederick Copleston on the existence of God. It includes an introduction justifying the choice of text and describing the historical and philosophical background of the debate. It also provides a transcript of the debate, based in part on the original recording. The argumentative analyses occupy Parts I and II of the book. In Part I the argumentative process is analysed by means of the ideal model of critical discussion, the workhorse of pragma-dialectics. Part I shows how the two parties go through the four stages of a critical discussion. It highlights the questions raised over and beyond the presiding question of whether God exists and examines almost a hundred questions that are raised. Many are left in the air, whereas a few others give rise to sundry sub-discussions or meta-dialogues. In Part II the theoretical framework of argument dialectic is put to work: argument structures are identified by means of punctuation marks, argumentative connectors and operators, allowing to see the argumentative exchange as the collaborative construction of a macro-argument. Such a macro-argument is both a joint product of the arguers and a complex structure representing the dialectical relationships between the individual arguments combined in it. Finally, the complementarity of the two approaches is addressed. Thus the book can be described as an exercise in adversarial collaboration.
Book Synopsis Philosophy, Politics, and Economics by : Gerald Gaus
Download or read book Philosophy, Politics, and Economics written by Gerald Gaus and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophy, Politics, and Economics offers a complete introduction to the fundamental tools and concepts of analysis that PPE students need to study social and political issues. This fully updated and expanded edition examines the core methodologies of rational choice, strategic analysis, norms, and collective choice that serve as the bedrocks of political philosophy and the social sciences. The textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and nonspecialists looking to familiarize themselves with PPE's approaches.
Book Synopsis Contradictions by : José M. Musacchio
Download or read book Contradictions written by José M. Musacchio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-22 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Contradictions” is a general interest book that exposes the incompatibility between popular religious beliefs and the scientific view of human nature. It begins with a survey of the evolution of religions and their continuing, often irrational, influences in modern society. Then, based on his long experience in neuroscience, the author takes issue with Decartes about the duality of body and soul. He presents case studies of patients with brain diseases and from these deduces that the soul, far from being separate and supernatural, is no more or less than our way of experiencing our brains ... and which correspondingly disintegrates when they do. Convincing clinical findings and powerful arguments about the universality of truth make this book a bold contribution to the debate about belief and religion in the modern world.
Download or read book Imperfect Fit written by Allen Fisher and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imperfect Fit is a dynamic study of the relationships between modern art and avant-garde poetry from the 1950s to the present that provides fascinating glimpses into both Allen Fisher's remarkable work as a poet, painter, and critic, as well as the state of avant-garde aesthetics as a whole.
Book Synopsis Twilight Zone Reflections by : Saul Traiger
Download or read book Twilight Zone Reflections written by Saul Traiger and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2024-06-18 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to philosophy through thought experiments in the 1959-1964 television series, The Twilight Zone
Book Synopsis Bayesian Reasoning in Data Analysis by : Giulio D'Agostini
Download or read book Bayesian Reasoning in Data Analysis written by Giulio D'Agostini and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-level introduction to Bayesian reasoning. The basic ideas of this approach to the quantification of uncertainty are presented using examples from research and everyday life. Applications covered include: parametric inference; combination of results; comparison of hypotheses; and more.
Book Synopsis Roots of Social Sensibility and Neural Function by : Jay Schulkin
Download or read book Roots of Social Sensibility and Neural Function written by Jay Schulkin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the book, he incorporates neurobiological evidence for a domain-specific system for social cognition.".
Book Synopsis Learning and Coordination by : Peter Vanderschraaf
Download or read book Learning and Coordination written by Peter Vanderschraaf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-02 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vanderschraaf develops a new theory of game theory equilibrium selection in this book. The new theory defends general correlated equilibrium concepts and suggests a new analysis of convention.
Download or read book Leonardo written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International journal of contemporary visual artists.
Download or read book Princeton Alumni Weekly written by and published by princeton alumni weekly. This book was released on 1997 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reading Wittgenstein with Anscombe, Going On to Ethics by : Cora Diamond
Download or read book Reading Wittgenstein with Anscombe, Going On to Ethics written by Cora Diamond and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Reading Wittgenstein with Anscombe, Going On to Ethics, Cora Diamond follows two major European philosophers as they think about thinking, as well as about our ability to respond to thinking that has miscarried or gone astray. Acting as both witness to and participant in the encounter, Diamond provides fresh perspective on the importance of the work of these philosophers and the value of doing philosophy in unexpected ways. Diamond begins with the Tractatus (1921), in which Ludwig Wittgenstein forges a link between thinking about thought and the capacity to respond to misunderstandings and confusions. She then considers G. E. M. Anscombe’s An Introduction to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus (1959), in which Anscombe, through her engagement with Wittgenstein, further explores the limits of thinking and the ability to respond to thought that has gone wrong. Anscombe’s book is important, Diamond argues, in challenging contemporary assumptions about what philosophical problems are worth considering and about how they can be approached. Through her reading of the Tractatus, Anscombe exemplified an ethics of thinking through and against the grain of common preconceptions. The result drew attention to the questions that mattered most to Wittgenstein and conveyed with great power the nature of his achievement. Diamond herself, in turn, challenges Anscombe on certain points, thereby further carrying out just the kind of ethical work Wittgenstein and Anscombe each felt was crucial to getting things right. Through her textured engagement with her predecessors, Diamond demonstrates what genuinely independent thought is able to achieve.
Download or read book Thinking and Being written by Irad Kimhi and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opposing a long-standing orthodoxy of the Western philosophical tradition running from ancient Greek thought until the late nineteenth century, Frege argued that psychological laws of thought—those that explicate how we in fact think—must be distinguished from logical laws of thought—those that formulate and impose rational requirements on thinking. Logic does not describe how we actually think, but only how we should. Yet by thus sundering the logical from the psychological, Frege was unable to explain certain fundamental logical truths, most notably the psychological version of the law of non-contradiction—that one cannot think a thought and its negation simultaneously. Irad Kimhi’s Thinking and Being marks a radical break with Frege’s legacy in analytic philosophy, exposing the flaws of his approach and outlining a novel conception of judgment as a two-way capacity. In closing the gap that Frege opened, Kimhi shows that the two principles of non-contradiction—the ontological principle and the psychological principle—are in fact aspects of the very same capacity, differently manifested in thinking and being. As his argument progresses, Kimhi draws on the insights of historical figures such as Aristotle, Kant, and Wittgenstein to develop highly original accounts of topics that are of central importance to logic and philosophy more generally. Self-consciousness, language, and logic are revealed to be but different sides of the same reality. Ultimately, Kimhi’s work elucidates the essential sameness of thinking and being that has exercised Western philosophy since its inception.
Book Synopsis Thought's Footing by : Charles Travis
Download or read book Thought's Footing written by Charles Travis and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-19 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thought's Footing is an enquiry into the relationship between the ways things are and the way we think and talk about them. It is also a study of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations: Charles Travis develops his account of certain key themes into a unified view of the work as a whole. His methodological starting-point is to see Wittgenstein's work as a response to Frege's. The central question is: how does thought get its footing? How can the thought that things are a certain way be connected to things being that way? Wittgenstein departs from Frege in holding that there are indefinitely many ways of filling out (giving content to) the notion of truth.. The truth of a thought or utterance is connected with the consequences of thinking or saying it. That is the point of Wittgenstein's introduction of the notion of a language game. The second key theme is this: a representation of things as being a certain way cannot take the right form for truth-bearing without a background of agreement in judgements: its form must belong to thinkers of a given kind. The third key theme is that the proprietary perceptions of a given sort of thinker as to what would be a case of judging when there is a particular way for things to be is not subject to criticism from outside it. Along the way Travis gives his own distinctive take on such topics as the problem of singular thought, the notion of a proposition, rule-following, sense and nonsense, the possibility of private language, and the representational content of experience. The result is an original and stimulating demonstration of the continuing value of Wittgenstein's work for central debates in philosophy today.
