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Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Phase Transformations In Plutonium Alloys
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Book Synopsis THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN PLUTONIUM ALLOYS - by : Z. Liu
Download or read book THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN PLUTONIUM ALLOYS - written by Z. Liu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report we investigate order, stability, and phase transformations for a series of actinide-based alloys. The statics and kinetics of precipitation and ordering in this class of alloys are modeled with a scheme that couples fundamental information on the alloy energetics obtained from experimental and assessed thermo-chemical data to the CALPHAD approach commonly used in industry for designing alloys with engineering specificity with the help of the Thermo-Calc software application. The CALPHAD approach is applied to the study of the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of Pu-based alloys, Pu-X, where X=Al, Fe, Ga. The assessment of the equilibrium phase diagrams in the whole range of alloy composition has been performed with the PARROT module of the Thermo-Calc application software. Predictions are made on the low temperature and Pu-rich side of the phase diagrams of Pu-Ga and Pu-Al for which controversy has been noted in the past. The validity of the assessed thermo-chemical database will be discussed by comparing predicted heats of transformation for pure Pu with measured values from differential scanning calorimetry analysis. An overall picture for the stability properties of Pu-Ga and Pu-Al that reconciles the results of past studies carried out on these alloys is proposed. Results on phase stability in the ternary Fe-Ga-Pu and Al-Fe-Pu alloys are discussed. The information collected in this study is then used to model metastability, long-term stability and aging for this class of alloys by coupling Thermo-Calc with DICTRA, a series of modules that allow the analysis of DIffusion Controlled TRAnsformations. Kinetics information is then summarized in so-called TTT (temperature-time-transformations) diagrams for the most relevant phases of actinide alloys. Specifically, results are presented on kinetics of phase transformations associated with the eutectoid-phase decomposition reaction occurring at low temperature, and with the martensitic transformation that takes place at low Ga content in Pu-Ga alloys. Finally, after a summary of the most salient results, suggestions are made for further studies at the micro- and mesoscales.
Book Synopsis Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Third Edition (Revised Reprint) by : David A. Porter
Download or read book Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Third Edition (Revised Reprint) written by David A. Porter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-09-10 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decade since the first edition of this popular text was published, the metallurgical field has undergone rapid developments in many sectors. Nonetheless, the underlying principles governing these developments remain the same. A textbook that presents these advances within the context of the fundamentals is greatly needed by instructors in the field Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Second Edition maintains the simplicity that undergraduate instructors and students have come to appreciate while updating and expanding coverage of recently developed methods and materials. The book is effectively divided into two parts. The beginning chapters contain the background material necessary for understanding phase transformations - thermodynamics, kinetics, diffusion theory and the structure and properties of interfaces. The following chapters deal with specific transformations - solidification, diffusional transformation in solids and diffusionless transformation. Case studies of engineering alloys are incorporated to provide a link between theory and practice. New additions include an extended list of further reading at the end of each chapter and a section containing complete solutions to all exercises in the book Designed for final year undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgy, materials science, or engineering materials, this is an ideal textbook for both students and instructors.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Diffusional Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys by : Hubert I. Aaronson
Download or read book Mechanisms of Diffusional Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys written by Hubert I. Aaronson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed by the late metallurgy professor and master experimentalist Hubert I. Aaronson, this collection of lecture notes details the fundamental principles of phase transformations in metals and alloys upon which steel and other metals industries are based. Mechanisms of Diffusional Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys is devoted to solid-s
Book Synopsis Metastability and Delta-Phase Retention in Plutonium Alloys Final Report of LDRD Project 01-ERD-029 by : A. J. Schwartz
Download or read book Metastability and Delta-Phase Retention in Plutonium Alloys Final Report of LDRD Project 01-ERD-029 written by A. J. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The {delta} to {alpha}' phase transformation in Pu-Ga alloys is intriguing for both scientific and technological reasons. On cooling, the ductile fcc {delta}-phase transforms martensitically to the brittle monoclinic {alpha}'-phase at approximately -120 C (depending on composition). This exothermic transformation involves a 20% volume contraction and a significant increase in resistivity. The reversion of {alpha}' to {delta} involves a large temperature hysteresis beginning just above room temperature. In an attempt to better understand the underlying thermodynamics and kinetics responsible for these unusual features, we have investigated the {delta} {leftrightarrow} {alpha}' phase transformations in a Pu-0.6 wt% Ga alloy using a combination of experimental and modeling techniques.
Book Synopsis Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys (Revised Reprint) by : David A. Porter
Download or read book Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys (Revised Reprint) written by David A. Porter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-02-10 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanded and revised to cover developments in the field over the past 17 years, and now reprinted to correct errors in the prior printing, Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys, Third Edition provides information and examples that better illustrate the engineering relevance of this topic. It supplies a comprehensive overview of specific types o
Book Synopsis Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations: Volume 398 by : James S. Im
Download or read book Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations: Volume 398 written by James S. Im and published by . This book was released on 1996-09-10 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emphasis of this book is on the quantitative analysis of transformation kinetics, integrated with thermodynamics. Solidification is a success story for quantitative kinetics analysis. The work reported concentrates on phase selection under extreme processing - large undercooling or ultrarapid quenching - of the liquid. Theoretical treatments are concerned mainly with the analysis of morphological instabilities during directional solidification at more conventional rates. The coverage of particle-beam effects is distinguished by the materials studied: alkali halides, minerals, semiconductors and metals. The thermodynamics of interfaces are a particular focus, especially in connection with the solid-state formation of amorphous phases. A highlight of the book is the coverage of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov analysis of overall transformation kinetics. This venerable treatment is revisited and new insights and limitations are explored. Topics include: transformations in undercooled liquids; directional solidification; particle beam-induced transformations; interfaces - thermodynamics and reactions; amorphous materials - structure and transformations; solid-state transformations and ordering and phase separation.
Book Synopsis Worked Examples in the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Phase Transformations by : E. A. Wilson
Download or read book Worked Examples in the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Phase Transformations written by E. A. Wilson and published by Woodhead Publishing Limited. This book was released on 1983 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phase Transitions in Solids Under High Pressure by : Vladimir Davydovich Blank
Download or read book Phase Transitions in Solids Under High Pressure written by Vladimir Davydovich Blank and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-25 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of high-pressure techniques has become popular for studying the nature of substances and phenomena occurring in them, especially as a means of obtaining new materials (synthesis under high pressure) and processing known materials (hydroextrusion). A product of many years of research by the authors and their colleagues, Phase Transitions in Solids under High Pressure discusses the relationships of phase transformations in solids under high pressure, the mechanism of these transformations, crystal geometry, the effect of deformation, the conditions of formation, and preservation of the high-pressure phases under normal pressure. The book begins with an introduction that describes the relationship of the thermodynamics of phase transformations and the kinetics of the transformations. This is followed by a chapter explaining the equipment and mostly original procedures for investigating phase transformation in solids under high hydrostatic and quasi-hydrostatic pressures. The book covers phase transformations under high pressure in a wide temperature range in the elements carbon, silicon, germanium, titanium, zirconium, iron, gallium, and cerium as well as in titanium- and iron-based alloys and AIBVII, AIIBVI, and AIIIBV compounds. In addition, the book examines the kinetics of phase transformations in iron-based alloys in isobaric–isothermal conditions. The authors present results for phase transformations in deformation under high pressure, describe several non-trivial effects associated with phase transformations under high pressure, and analyze the kinetics and hysteresis of high-temperature and low-temperature phase transformations. They conclude by describing the role of investigations under high pressure for determining general relationships governing phase transformations in solids.
Book Synopsis Statics and Dynamics of Alloy Phase Transformations by : Patrice E.A. Turchi
Download or read book Statics and Dynamics of Alloy Phase Transformations written by Patrice E.A. Turchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of phase transformations in substitutional alloys, including order disorder phenomena and structural transformations, plays a crucial role in understanding the physical and mechanical properties of materials, and in designing alloys with desired technologically important characteristics. Indeed, most of the physical properties, including equilibrium properties, transport, magnetic, vibrational as well as mechanical properties of alloys are often controlled by and are highly sensitive to the existence of ordered compounds and to the occurrence of structural transformations. Correspondingly, the alloy designer facing the task of processing new high-performance materials with properties that meet specific industrial applications must answer the following question: What is the crystalline structure and the atomic configuration that an alloy may exhibit at given temperature and concentration? Usually the answer is sought in the phase-diagram of a relevant system that is often determined experimentally and does not provide insight to the underlying mechanisms driving phase stability. Because of the rather tedious and highly risky nature of developing new materials through conventional metallurgical techniques, a great deal of effort has been expended in devising methods for understanding the mechanisms contrOlling phase transformations at the microscopic level. These efforts have been bolstered through the development of fully ab initio, accurate theoretical models, coupled with the advent of new experimental methods and of powerful supercomputer capabilities.
Book Synopsis Phase Transformations by : Srikumar Banerjee
Download or read book Phase Transformations written by Srikumar Banerjee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-05-31 with total page 837 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terms phase transitions and phase transformations are often used in an interchangeable manner in the metallurgical literature. In Phase Transformations, transformations driven by pressure changes, radiation and deformation and those occurring in nanoscale multilayers are brought to the fore. Order-disorder transformations, many of which constitute very good examples of continuous transformations, are dealt with in a comprehensive manner. Almost all types of phase transformations and reactions that are commonly encountered in inorganic materials are covered and the underlying thermodynamic, kinetic and crystallographic aspects elucidated. - Shows readers the advancements in the field - due to enhanced computing power and superior experimental capability - Drawing upon the background and the research experience of the authors, bringing together a wealth of experience - Written essentially from a physical metallurgists view point
Book Synopsis Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys by : David A. Porter
Download or read book Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys written by David A. Porter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-07 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised to reflect recent developments in the field, Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys, Fourth Edition, continues to be the most authoritative and approachable resource on the subject. It supplies a comprehensive overview of specific types of phase transformations, supplemented by practical case studies of engineering alloys. The book’s unique presentation links a basic understanding of theory with application in a gradually progressive yet exciting manner. Based on the authors’ teaching notes, the text takes a pedagogical approach and provides examples for applications and problems that can be readily used for exercises. NEW IN THE FOURTH EDITION 40% of the figures and 30% of the text Insights provided by numerical modelling techniques such as ab initio, phase field, cellular automaton, and molecular dynamics Insights from the application of advanced experimental techniques, such as high-energy X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, combined with electron backscattered diffraction New treatment of ternary phase diagrams and solubility products The concept of paraequilibrium in systems containing highly mobile interstitial elements Thermodynamics of grain boundaries and the influence of segregation on grain boundary diffusion Reference to software tools for solving diffusion problems in multicomponent systems Introduction to concepts related to coincident site lattices and methods for determining the dislocation content of grain boundaries and interfaces Updated treatment of coherency and interface structure including the important fcc–bcc interfaces Treatment of metallic glasses expanded to cover critical cooling rate Austin–Rickets equation introduced as an alternative to the Avrami equation in the case of precipitation kinetics Discussion of the effects of overlap in nucleation, growth and coarsening Discussion of pearlite and bainite transformations updated Entirely new and extensive treatment of diffusionless martensitic transformations covering athermal and thermally activated martensite in ferrous systems as well as shape memory, superelasticity and rubber-like behavior in ordered nonferrous alloys New practical applications covering spinodal alloys, fir-tree structures in aluminum castings, Al–Cu–Li aerospace alloys, superelastic and shape memory alloys, quenched and partitioned steels, advanced high-strength steels and martensitic stainless steels Each chapter now concludes with a summary of the main points References to scientific publications and suggestions for further reading updated to reflect experimental and computational advances Aimed at students studying metallurgy and materials science and engineering, the Fourth Edition retains the previous editions’ popular easy-to-follow style and excellent mix of basic and advanced information, making it ideal for those who are new to the field. A new solutions manual and PowerPoint figure slides are available to adopting professors.
Book Synopsis Thermodynamics and Structure of Plutonium Alloys by : P. G. Allen
Download or read book Thermodynamics and Structure of Plutonium Alloys written by P. G. Allen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project was to investigate the chemical and structural effects of gallium and impurity elements, iron and nickel, on the phase behavior and crystallography of Pu-Ga alloys. This was done utilizing a theoretical chemical approach to predict binary and ternary alloy energetics, phase stability, and transformations. The modeling results were validated with experimental data derived from the synthesis of selected alloys and advanced characterization tools. The ultimate goal of this work was to develop a robust predictive capability for studying the thermodynamics and the structure-properties relationships in complex materials of high relevance to the Laboratory and DOE mission.
Book Synopsis Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations Induced by Ion Irradation by : M. Nastasi
Download or read book Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations Induced by Ion Irradation written by M. Nastasi and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atomic Structure and Phase Transformations in Pu Alloys by :
Download or read book Atomic Structure and Phase Transformations in Pu Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evidence of Transformation Bursts During Thermal Cycling of a Pu-Ga Alloy by :
Download or read book Evidence of Transformation Bursts During Thermal Cycling of a Pu-Ga Alloy written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thermodynamics and kinetics of the fcc [delta] to monoclinic (alpha-prime) phase transformation and its reversion in a plutonium-gallium alloy have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry, resistometry, and dilatometry. Under ambient conditions, the delta phase is metastable in a Pu-2.0 at% Ga alloy. Thermal cycling to below the ambient temperature results in a partial transformation to the alpha-prime phase; this transformation is composition-invariant and exhibits martensitic behavior. Because this transformation results in an unusually invariant large 25% volume contraction that cannot be fully accommodated by purely elastic adjustments, the transformation mode is expected to involve burst formation of individual alpha-prime particles. However, upon cooling, these individual bursts were not resolved by the above techniques, although signals corresponding to the overall accumulation of many alpha-prime particles were observed. On the other hand, upon heating, signals from differential scanning calorimetry, resistometry, and dilatometry showed a series of discrete changes occurring in periodic increments beginning at approximately 32 C. These features correspond to the cooperative reversion of many alpha-prime particles to the delta phase; they appear to be the result of an interplay between the autocatalytically driven reversion of a cascade of individual martensite units, and self-quenching caused by small changes of temperature and/or stress accompanying each individual transformation burst. The heat of the delta/alpha-prime transformation is estimated to be about + 4 kJ/mole.
Book Synopsis Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials by :
Download or read book Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies on the Alpha-to-beta and Beta-to-alpha Phase Transformations of Plutonium by : J. W. Anderson
Download or read book Studies on the Alpha-to-beta and Beta-to-alpha Phase Transformations of Plutonium written by J. W. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
