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Thermal Mechanical Analysis Of Targets For High Volume Production Of Molybdenum 99 Using Low Enriched Uranium
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Book Synopsis Thermal-mechanical Analysis of Targets for High Volume Production of Molybdenum-99 Using Low-enriched Uranium by : Kyler K. Turner
Download or read book Thermal-mechanical Analysis of Targets for High Volume Production of Molybdenum-99 Using Low-enriched Uranium written by Kyler K. Turner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Techenetium-99m is diagnostic radioactive medical isotope that is currently used 30,000 times a day in the United States. All supplies of techenetium-99m's parent isotope molybdenum-99 currently originate from nuclear reactor facilities located in foreign countries and use highly enriched uranium (HEU). The University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) is exploring the feasibility of high volume molybdenum-99 production at its facility. Current molybdenum-99 production uses HEU in a powder dispersion target. The powder dispersion method, conventionally used for fuel rods and plates, combines fine particles of aluminum and HEU that are bonded into a rigid plate during irradiation. In accordance with the Global Threat Reduction Initiative all uranium used in future molybdenum-99 production will use low enriched uranium (LEU). Unfortunately LEU has a much low fissionable density then HEU which makes the dispersion process economically unviable. A design approach to increase the LEU density is to use a target that is based on LEU foil. The foil design places a LEU foil between either two concentric annular aluminum cylinders or two aluminum plates which are pressed and welded together to produce a structure that allows for easy removal and processing. The drawback of these designs is the thermal contact resistance between the LEU and aluminum cladding during irradiative heating is very sensitive to the target design, manufacture, and irradiation holder. This thesis explores those thermal-mechanical design issues for both the cylindrical target design and the plate target design. Analytical, numerical and experimental studies are used to assess the mechanical deformation for these structures and its effect on the target's thermal contact resistance.
Book Synopsis The Thermal-mechanical Analysis of Targets for the High Volume Production of Molybdenum-99 Using a Low-enriched Uranium Metal Foil by : Kyler K. Turner
Download or read book The Thermal-mechanical Analysis of Targets for the High Volume Production of Molybdenum-99 Using a Low-enriched Uranium Metal Foil written by Kyler K. Turner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molybdenum-99 diagnostic imaging is the most commonly practiced procedure in nuclear medicine today with the majority molybdenum-99 produced with proliferation sensitive HEU. International and domestic efforts to develop non-HEU production techniques have taking the first steps toward establishing a new non-HEU molybdenum-99 based supply chain. The focus of the research presented in this work is on the analysis of a new high U-235 density LEU based molybdenum-99 production target. Converting directly to LEU using current manufacturing techniques greatly reduces the molybdenum-99 yield per target making high volume production uneconomical. The LEU based foil target analyzed in this research increases the yield per target making economic high volume production with LEU possible. The research analyzed the thermal-mechanical response of an LEU foil target during irradiation. Thermal-mechanical studies focused on deflections and stresses to assess the probability of target failure. Simpler analytical models were used to determine the proper shape of the target and to benchmark the numerical modeling software. Numerical studies using Abaqus focused on analyzing various heating and cooling conditions and assessing the effects of curvature on the target. Finally, experiments were performed to simulate low power heating and further benchmark the models. The results from all of these analyses indicate a LEU foil target could survive irradiation depending on the conditions seen during irradiation.
Book Synopsis Thermal-mechanical Analysis of a Low-enriched Uranium Foil Based Annular Target for the Production of Molybdenum-99 by : Srisharan Garg Govindarajan
Download or read book Thermal-mechanical Analysis of a Low-enriched Uranium Foil Based Annular Target for the Production of Molybdenum-99 written by Srisharan Garg Govindarajan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the US department of Energy's global threat reduction initiative goals is to eliminate the use of high-enriched uranium from the production of the radio-isotope Molybdenum-99. One strategy to achieve this goal is to use a target that utilizes a low-enriched uranium (LEU) foil. This thesis considers an annular target, where an LEU foil of open cross section is sandwiched between two concentric aluminum tubes. The target must contain the fission products until it can be opened and the LEU foil removed for further processing. The thermal contact resistance between the LEU foil and the aluminum tube cladding needs to be low enough to ensure that the LEU temperature doesn't exceed the operating temperature specified by the reactor safety case. Numerical and analytical models were used to analyze the behavior of the target and it is found that the current annular target design is safe at high LEU heat generation rates.
Book Synopsis Thermal/mechanical/hydraulic Experimental Tools for Molybdenum-99 Production Target Analysis by : Philip Franklin Makarewicz
Download or read book Thermal/mechanical/hydraulic Experimental Tools for Molybdenum-99 Production Target Analysis written by Philip Franklin Makarewicz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the nuclear community adapts to meet a constantly changing environment driven by policy development, so must the technology associated; in particular is the case of technology qualification. While government institutions and industry leaders have done much for the progression of nuclear materials, associated technologies must first be tested and qualified before they will see any practical use. Technetium-99m (99mTc) is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical that is currently used about 100,000 times daily for diagnostic imaging procedures globally. The parent isotope for 99mTc is molybdenum-99 (99Mo), most commonly obtained through the irradiation of high enriched uranium (HEU). In accordance with the Department of Energy's Global Threat Reduction Initiative, an effort is underway to develop a process to produce 99Mo using low enriched uranium (LEU). One method utilizes LEU cast in the form of a metal foil as opposed to current powder based dispersion designs for HEU. New high-volume production LEU target concepts need to be analyzed to assure safe, reliable operation during all stages of production as use of a foil requires a significant modification to the current target design. The purpose of this research was to develop a set of experimental tools to assist in the qualification of target designs capable of economically producing 99Mo using LEU. These experimental tools could then be used in the verification of numerical analysis and results through various thermal, mechanical, and hydraulic testing. Methods included manufacturing target surrogates of different geometries. Heating loads and hydraulic flow-loops simulated the target in a reactor and testing measurements were used to quantify thermal resistance. Post evaluation of the target surrogates was also performed to compare testing results to theoretical values. Testing trends were compared to numerical and analytic models. A path forward is discussed in terms of the refinement of, and addition of new, qualification tools/techniques.
Book Synopsis Thermal-hydraulic Optimization for High Production of Low-enriched Uranium Based Molybdenum-99 by : Jeffrey William Scott
Download or read book Thermal-hydraulic Optimization for High Production of Low-enriched Uranium Based Molybdenum-99 written by Jeffrey William Scott and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, more than 20 million samples of technetium-99 are used annually to diagnose many different forms of cancer. Despite this, there are only four main nuclear reactors worldwide that produce molybdenum-99, the parent isotope of technetium-99m. In an attempt to address the growing demand, as well as to motivate the current reactors to stop using high-enriched uranium, the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) has begun to produce molybdenum-99 using low-enriched uranium. The fission of uranium-235, for which one of the products is molybdenum-99, generates approximately 2 kW of heat per 4-gram target. Continually removing this heat from the fission reaction is the limiting factor in the high-volume production process. The objective of this thesis is to find a reactor wedge setup with maximum rate of heat removal, thereby maximizing the amount of molybdenum-99 that can be created in the reactor. To maximize heat transfer, a quasi 1-D analytic model, calibrated numerically, is created to hydraulically and thermally model the coolant flow through the current reactor setup. Using flow network modeling (FNM), this analytic model is expanded to analyze other potential geometries that could maximize heat transfer. The findings show that for a single channel under the existing reactor configuration, a maximum of 19.18 kW can be dispersed. By opening the drain and slightly shrinking the channel diameter, this can be improved to 22.77 kW. When the system is expanded to 10 parallel channels and the drain is fully opened, over 250 kW can theoretically be achieved, though the neutronics of the MURR reactor will likely limit this.
Book Synopsis Uranium Processing and Properties by : Jonathan S. Morrell
Download or read book Uranium Processing and Properties written by Jonathan S. Morrell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uranium Processing and Properties describes developments in uranium science, engineering and processing and covers a broad spectrum of topics and applications in which these technologies are harnessed. This book offers the most up-to-date knowledge on emerging nuclear technologies and applications while also covering new and established practices for working with uranium supplies. The book also aims to provide insights into current research and processing technology developments in order to stimulate and motivate innovation among readers. Topics covered include casting technology, plate and sheet rolling, machining of uranium and uranium alloys, forming and fabrication techniques, corrosion kinetics, nondestructive evaluation and thermal modeling.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Molybdenum-99 Production Capability in the Materials Test Station by :
Download or read book Analysis of Molybdenum-99 Production Capability in the Materials Test Station written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States of America currently relies on foreign suppliers to meet all of it needs for molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) used in medical diagnostic procedures. The current US demand is at least 5000 six-day curies per week. Neutronics calculations have been performed to assess whether the proposed Materials Test Station (MTS) could potentially generate Mo-99. Two target material options have been explored for Mo-99 production in the MTS: low enriched uranium (LEU) and Tc-99. For LEU, scoping calculations indicate that MTS can supply nearly half of the current US demand with only minor neutronic impact on the MTS primary mission. For the Tc-99 option, the MTS could produce about one-tenth of the US demand.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Candidates for Target Window Material in Accelerator-driven Molybdenum-99 Production by :
Download or read book Assessment of Candidates for Target Window Material in Accelerator-driven Molybdenum-99 Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NorthStar Medical Technologies is pursuing production of an important medical isotope, Mo-99, through a photo-nuclear reaction of a Mo-100 target using a high-power electron accelerator. The current target utilizes an Inconel 718 window. The purpose of this study was to evaluate other candidate materials for the target window, which separates the high-pressure helium gas inside the target from the vacuum inside the accelerator beamline and is subjected to significant stress. Our initial analysis assessed the properties (density, thermal conductivity, maximum stress, minimum window thickness, maximum temperature, and figure of merit) for a range of materials, from which the three most promising were chosen: Inconel 718, 250 maraging steel, and standard-grade beryllium. These materials were subjected to further analysis to determine the effects of thermal and mechanical strain versus beam power at varying thicknesses. Both beryllium and the maraging steel were calculated to withstand more than twice as high beam power than Inconel 718.
Book Synopsis Full-scale Demonstration of the Cintichem Process for the Production of Mo-99 Using a Low-enriched Target by :
Download or read book Full-scale Demonstration of the Cintichem Process for the Production of Mo-99 Using a Low-enriched Target written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The irradiation, disassembly, and processing of two full-scale low-enriched uranium (LEU) targets were recently demonstrated by personnel in the BATAN PUSPIPTEK Facilities (Serpong, Indonesia). Targets were fabricated at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, IL, U.S.A.) and shipped to PUSPIPTEK. The processing was done by nearly the same procedure used for the production of 99Mo from high-enriched uranium (HEU) targets. The BATAN Radioisotope Production Centre produces 99Mo using the Cintichem process by first dissolving the uranium in an acid cocktail; three proprietary separation steps recover the 99Mo and purify it from other components of the irradiated uranium. Processing of LEU-metal targets is nearly identical to that used for HEU-oxide targets except (1) a separate dissolver is required and (2) the dissolution cocktail is nitric acid alone rather than a nitric/sulfuric acid mixture. The demonstrations went smoothly except for problems with sampling and gamma analysis to assess product purity. Foils could be removed from targets fabricated from zirconium and/or 304 stainless steel, and processing produced an equivalent yield of 99Mo/235U to that of the HEU target.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309445310 Total Pages :264 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decay product of the medical isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), technetium-99m (Tc-99m), and associated medical isotopes iodine-131 (I-131) and xenon-133 (Xe-133) are used worldwide for medical diagnostic imaging or therapy. The United States consumes about half of the world's supply of Mo-99, but there has been no domestic (i.e., U.S.-based) production of this isotope since the late 1980s. The United States imports Mo-99 for domestic use from Australia, Canada, Europe, and South Africa. Mo-99 and Tc-99m cannot be stockpiled for use because of their short half-lives. Consequently, they must be routinely produced and delivered to medical imaging centers. Almost all Mo-99 for medical use is produced by irradiating highly enriched uranium (HEU) targets in research reactors, several of which are over 50 years old and are approaching the end of their operating lives. Unanticipated and extended shutdowns of some of these old reactors have resulted in severe Mo-99 supply shortages in the United States and other countries. Some of these shortages have disrupted the delivery of medical care. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging examines the production and utilization of Mo-99 and associated medical isotopes, and provides recommendations for medical use.
Book Synopsis Method for Fabricating .sup. 99 Mo Production Targets Using Low Enriched Uranium, .sup. 99 Mo Production Targets Comprising Low Enriched Uranium by :
Download or read book Method for Fabricating .sup. 99 Mo Production Targets Using Low Enriched Uranium, .sup. 99 Mo Production Targets Comprising Low Enriched Uranium written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A radioisotope production target and a method for fabricating a radioisotope production target is provided, wherein the target comprises an inner cylinder, a foil of fissionable material circumferentially contacting the outer surface of the inner cylinder, and an outer hollow cylinder adapted to receive the substantially foil-covered inner cylinder and compress tightly against the foil to provide good mechanical contact therewith. The method for fabricating a primary target for the production of fission products comprises preparing a first substrate to receive a foil of fissionable material so as to allow for later removal of the foil from the first substrate, preparing a second substrate to receive the foil so as to allow for later removal of the foil from the second substrate; attaching the first substrate to the second substrate such that the foil is sandwiched between the first substrate and second substrate to prevent foil exposure to ambient atmosphere, and compressing the exposed surfaces of the first and second substrate to assure snug mechanical contact between the foil, the first substrate and the second substrate.
Book Synopsis Development of Uranium Metal Targets for 99Mo Production by :
Download or read book Development of Uranium Metal Targets for 99Mo Production written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A substantial amount of high enriched uranium (HEU) is used for the production of medical-grade 99Mo. Promising methods of producing irradiation targets are being developed and may lead to the reduction or elimination of this HEU use. To substitute low enriched uranium (LEU) for HEU in the production of 99Mo, the target material may be changed to uranium metal foil. Methods of fabrication are being developed to simplify assembly and disassembly of the targets. Removal of the uranium foil after irradiation without dissolution of the cladding is a primary goal in order to reduce the amount of liquid radioactive waste material produced in the process. Proof-of-concept targets have been fabricated. Destructive testing indicates that acceptable contact between the uranium foil and the cladding can be achieved. Thermal annealing tests, which simulate the cladding/uranium diffusion conditions during irradiation, are underway. Plans are being made to irradiate test targets.
Author :International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher :IAEA Nuclear Energy ISBN 13 :9789201377104 Total Pages :60 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (771 download)
Book Synopsis Non-HEU Production Technologies for Molybdenum-99 and Technetium-99m by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Non-HEU Production Technologies for Molybdenum-99 and Technetium-99m written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Nuclear Energy. This book was released on 2013 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technetium-99m (99mTc) is used in approximately 85% of diagnostic imaging procedures in nuclear medicine worldwide. Interruptions in the supply of Molybdenum (99Mo), which is used to produce 99mTc, prompted governments and international agencies to step up efforts to identify both short- and long-term solutions to supply shortages. These calls for actions resulted in economic and technology studies on the 99Mo supply chain. The present publication supports global efforts to eliminate the civilian use of highly enriched uranium in 99Mo/99Tc production and proposes several alternative/supplementary technologies.
Book Synopsis Method for Fabricating 99Mo Production Targets Using Low Enriched Uranium, 99Mo Production Targets Comprising Low Enriched Uranium by : Thomas C. Weincek
Download or read book Method for Fabricating 99Mo Production Targets Using Low Enriched Uranium, 99Mo Production Targets Comprising Low Enriched Uranium written by Thomas C. Weincek and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Production of MO-99 Using Low-enriched Uranium Silicide by :
Download or read book Production of MO-99 Using Low-enriched Uranium Silicide written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Investigative Approach to Explore Optimum Assembly Process Design for Annular Targets Carrying Leu Foil by : Annemarie Hoyer
Download or read book An Investigative Approach to Explore Optimum Assembly Process Design for Annular Targets Carrying Leu Foil written by Annemarie Hoyer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technetium-99m is the most widely used nuclear isotope in the medical field, with nearly 80 to 85% of all diagnostic imaging procedures. The daughter isotope of molybdenum-99 is currently produced using weapons-grade uranium. A suggested design for aluminum targets carrying low-enriched uranium (LEU) foil is presented for the fulfillment of eliminating highly enriched uranium (HEU) for medical isotope production. The assembly process that this research focuses on is the conventional draw-plug process which is currently used and lastly the sealing process. The research is unique in that it is a systematic approach to explore the optimal target assembly process to produce those targets with the required quality and integrity. Conducting 9 parametric experiments, aluminum tubes with a nickel foil fission-barrier and a surrogate stainless steel foil are assembled, welded and then examined to find defects, to determine residual stresses, and to find the best cost-effective target dimensions. The experimental design consists of 9 assembly combinations that were found through orthogonal arrays in order to explore the significance of each factor. Using probabilistic modeling, the parametric study is investigated using the Taguchi method of robust analysis. Depending on the situation, optimal conditions may be a nominal, a minimized or occasionally a maximized condition. The results will provide the best target design and will give optimal quality with little or no assembly defects.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on State of Molybdenum-99 Production and Utilization and Progress toward Eliminating Use of Highly Enriched Uranium Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :245 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (961 download)
Book Synopsis Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on State of Molybdenum-99 Production and Utilization and Progress toward Eliminating Use of Highly Enriched Uranium
Download or read book Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on State of Molybdenum-99 Production and Utilization and Progress toward Eliminating Use of Highly Enriched Uranium and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
