Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Thermal Expansion Of Pbx 9501 And Pbx 9502 Plastic Bonded Explosives
Download Thermal Expansion Of Pbx 9501 And Pbx 9502 Plastic Bonded Explosives full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Thermal Expansion Of Pbx 9501 And Pbx 9502 Plastic Bonded Explosives ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Thermal Expansion of PBX 9501 and PBX 9502 Plastic-bonded Explosives by :
Download or read book Thermal Expansion of PBX 9501 and PBX 9502 Plastic-bonded Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two applications of thermal expansion measurements on plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) composites are described. In the first dilatometer application, thermal expansion properties of HMX-based PBX 9501 are measured over a broad thermal range that includes glass and domain-restructuring transitions in the polymeric binder. Results are consistent with other thermal measurements and analyses performed on the composite, as well as on the binder itself. The second application used the dilatometer to distinguish the reversible and irreversible components of thermal expansion in PBX 9502, a TATB-based explosive. Irreversible expansion of the composite is believed to derive from the highly-anisotropic coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values measured on single T A TB crystals, although the mechanism is not well understood. Effects of specimen density, thermal ramp rate, and thermal range variation (warm first or cold first) were explored, and the results are presented and discussed. Dilatometer measurements are ongoing towards gaining insight into the mechanism(s) responsible for PBX 9502 irreversible thermal expansion.
Book Synopsis Thermal Expansion of Plastic Bonded Explosives PBX 9501 and 9502 by :
Download or read book Thermal Expansion of Plastic Bonded Explosives PBX 9501 and 9502 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Glass Transitions of Plastic Bonded Explosives by :
Download or read book Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Glass Transitions of Plastic Bonded Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) contain about 5-wt% polymer, plasticizer, and stabilizer as binder. The glass-transition temperature (T{sub g}) determines, in part, if the binder will reduce or increase the sensitivity of the PBX to impact. A soft binder reduces the impact sensitivity; however, too soft a binder compromises the mechanical strength below that desirable for dimensional stability. Glass transitions were measured by temperature modulated DSC for PBXs before and after pressing. Pressing temperature was 90 C. The T{sub g} of Estane, a polyester/polyurethane used in some PBX binders, was investigated. Only small changes were observed in the low temperature T{sub g} of the soft segments but larger changes were seen in the higher temperature transitions due to the relaxation of the hard segments. The T{sub g} of Kel F 800, a binder used in insensitive PBX 9502, was observed near ambient temperature. The PBX 9502 had a lower T{sub g} than the neat polymer. Mechanical strength will be measured for the samples.
Book Synopsis Effects of Binder Concentration on the Properties of Plastic-bonded Explosives by :
Download or read book Effects of Binder Concentration on the Properties of Plastic-bonded Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) has been formulated with more binder than is normally contained in high-energy formulations. Adding a relatively small amount of binder to a material such as PBX 9501 (95/2.5/1.25/1.25 wt % HMX/Estane/BDNPA/BDNPF (the BDNPA and BDNPF form a eutectic that is frequently called simply the eutectic)) was found to decrease the shock sensitivity while not decreasing the energy of the explosive. The best compromise for a PBX 9501-type material contains about 92 wt % HMX. Adding additional binder does not continue to decrease the gap sensitivity of the formulation; however, the energy of the PBX decreases as expected. The higher-binder formulations are of potential use because of the possibility of formulating a PBX with energy similar to TATB formulations, such as PBX 9502 (95/5 wt % TATB/Kel-F 800), and with a higher strain to failure. 2 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Book Synopsis Binder/HMX Interaction in PBX9501 at Elevated Temperatures by : S. C. K.
Download or read book Binder/HMX Interaction in PBX9501 at Elevated Temperatures written by S. C. K. and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic bonded explosives (PBX) generally consist of 85 - 95 % by weight energetic material, such as HMX, and 5 - 15 % polymeric binder. Understanding of the structure and morphology at elevated temperatures and pressures is important for predicting of PBX behavior in accident scenarios. The crystallographic behavior of pure HMX has been measured as functions of temperature and grain size. The investigation is extended to the high temperature behavior of PBX 9501 (95% HMX, 2.5 % Estane, 2.5 % BDNPA/F). The results show that the HMX {beta}-phase to {delta}-phase transition in PBX 9501 is similar to that in neat HMX. However, in the presence of the PBX 9501 binder, {delta}-phase HMX readily converts back to {beta}-phase during cooling. Using the same temperature profile, the conversion rate decreases for each subsequent heating and cooling cycle. As observed in earlier experiments, no reverse conversion is observed without the polymer binder. It is proposed that the reversion of {delta}-phase to {beta}-phase is due to changes in the surface molecular potential caused by the influence of the polymer binder on the surface molecules of the {delta}-phase. Upon thermal cycling, the polymer binder segregates from the HMX particles and thus reduces the influence of the binder on the surface molecules. This segregation increases the resistance for the {delta}-phase to {beta}-phase transition, as demonstrated in an aged PBX 9501 material for which the reversion is not observed.
Book Synopsis A Parametric Pressing Study Using a Plastic-bonded Explosive by :
Download or read book A Parametric Pressing Study Using a Plastic-bonded Explosive written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pressed plastic-bonded explosives, PBXs, are commonly used by defense and private industry. PBX 9501 is composed of HMX crystals held together with a plastic binder 'softened' with plasticizers. The detonation behavior of any explosive is very dependent upon its density, with the desire to have a uniform, high density throughout the explosive component. A parametric study has been performed pressing PBX 9501 hydrostatically and uniaxially. The effects of several pressing parameters on the bulk density and density profile, as well as mechanical properties, have been measured. The parameters investigated include pressure, temperature, number of cycles, dwell time, rest time, sack thickness, and particle distribution and size. Density distributions within the pressed explosives were also compared.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Confinement on Cookoff of a Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX 9501). by :
Download or read book The Effect of Confinement on Cookoff of a Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX 9501). written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reactive Wave Growth in Shock-compressed Thermally Degraded High Explosives by :
Download or read book Reactive Wave Growth in Shock-compressed Thermally Degraded High Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors have performed experiments to study the effect of thermal degradation on shock sensitivity and growth to detonation of several high-density plastic bonded explosives, confined in stainless steel cells. Assemblies were heated in situ in the target chamber of a light-gas gun. Confinement was varied to allow, in some cases, for thermal expansion of the explosive, and in other cases to vent the decomposition gases. Particle velocity profiles were measured using VISAR at a LiF window interface. Results for the IHE PBX-9502 showed that its sensitivity to shock initiation could be dramatically increased or decreased depending on the confinement conditions during heating. Effects were much less pronounced for PBX-9404 and PBX-9501.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Mechanical Response of PBX 9501 by :
Download or read book Modeling the Mechanical Response of PBX 9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engineering overview of the mechanical response of Plastic-Bonded eXplosives (PBXs), specifically PBX 9501, will be provided with emphasis on observed mechanisms associated with different types of mechanical testing. Mechanical tests in the form of uniaxial tension, compression, cyclic loading, creep (compression and tension), and Hopkinson bar show strain rate and temperature dependence. A range of mechanical behavior is observed which includes small strain recoverable response in the form of viscoelasticity; change in stiffness and softening beyond peak strength due to damage in the form microcracks, debonding, void formation and the growth of existing voids; inelastic response in the form of irrecoverable strain as shown in cyclic tests, and viscoelastic creep combined with plastic response as demonstrated in creep and recovery tests. The main focus of this paper is to elucidate the challenges and issues involved in modeling the mechanical behavior of PBXs for simulating thermo-mechanical responses in engineering components. Examples of validation of a constitutive material model based on a few of the observed mechanisms will be demonstrated against three point bending, split Hopkinson pressure bar and Brazilian disk geometry.
Book Synopsis Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Particle Size Distribution (PSD) Measurements Using an Image Analysis System by :
Download or read book Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Particle Size Distribution (PSD) Measurements Using an Image Analysis System written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The slurry process for producing plastic bonded explosives (PBX) has been used for many years. However, until recently the mechanisms involved have not been studied quantitatively to determine the effects of the various control variables. Recently, the effects of operating variables on the final product have been studied; however, no attempt was made to measure particle growth during the slurry process. This study applies an image analysis tool to measure particle size distributions (PSDs) during the slurry process to produce PBX 9501, a specific formulation used in nuclear weapons. The observed PBX 9501 slurry behavior leads away from the typical population balance description of agglomeration, that is, a discrete particle-particle coalescence mechanism. The behavior observed in these experiments indicates that the initial state of the system contains a number of smaller particles clustered together. The cluster then coalesces into a large particle as solvent is removed and the slurry continuously mixed. Other small fragments are picked up and a relatively small amount of growth is observed. A mass transfer model adequately describes solvent removal, and an empirical model is developed to describe the growth behavior in terms of measured process variables. The image system is applied to dried molding powders. The PSD measurement results of the PBX 9501 library lots, historic samples set aside as PBX 9501 lots were accepted from the manufacturer, are also discussed and analyzed. A correlation analysis was conducted to find relationships between the measured PSD and other properties such as bulk density and pressed densities. While no significant correlation was found between the measured PSD and averaged bulk densities for the library lots, significant correlations are found between the measured PSD and pressed density. The final part of the study was to scale-up the PSD measurement capability. Since the large-scale processes are not yet operational, this work makes recommendations for future consideration. Also, some additional small-scale experiments are recommended as well as improvements to the smallscale experimental apparatus.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Polymer Molecular Weight, Temperature, and Strain Rate on the Mechanical Properties of PBX 9501 by :
Download or read book Influence of Polymer Molecular Weight, Temperature, and Strain Rate on the Mechanical Properties of PBX 9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compression and tensile measurements were conducted on newly formulated (baseline) and lower molecular weight (virtually-aged) plastic-bonded explosive PBX 9501. The PBX 9501 binder system is composed of nitroplasticized Estane 5703, TM a polyester polyurethane copolymer. The molecular weight of polyester urethanes can degrade with time as a function of hydrolysis, affecting the mechanical behavior of the polymer or a polymer composite material of high explosives, i.e. PBXs. The molecular weight of Estane 5703{trademark} was degraded by exposure to high temperature and humidity for different periods of time, and then formulated to produce ''virtually-aged'' PBX 9501 specimens. Quasi-static and dynamic compression tests were conducted on the baseline and virtually-aged PBX 9501 as a function of temperature and strain rate. Quasi-static tensile tests were also conducted as a function of temperature and test rate. Rate and temperature dependence was exhibited during both compression and tensile loading. Results also show significant differences between the baseline and virtually-aged specimens for the dynamic compression tests at -15 C, and for the quasi-static compression tests at -15 C, 22 C, and 50 C.
Book Synopsis Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Volume 7 by : W. Carter Ralph
Download or read book Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Volume 7 written by W. Carter Ralph and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid, and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 7 of the Proceedings of the 2016 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the seventh volume of ten from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Recycled-Constituent Composites Nano and Particulate Composites Damage Detection and Non-Destructive Evaluation of Composites Fracture and Fatigue Novel Developments in Composites Additive Manufacturing of Composites Mechanics of Graphene & Graphene Oxide Smart Materials Novel Developments in Composites Manufacturing and Joining of Composites
Download or read book Larissa Madsen written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal Stability of PBX 9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance Evaluation of Booster Materials in the Plastic Bonded Explosive PBX 9502 in a Hemispherical Wave Breakout Test by :
Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Booster Materials in the Plastic Bonded Explosive PBX 9502 in a Hemispherical Wave Breakout Test written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
