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Theory And Decision Library Ser B Mathematical And Statistical Methods
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Book Synopsis A Course in Mathematical and Statistical Ecology by : Anil Gore
Download or read book A Course in Mathematical and Statistical Ecology written by Anil Gore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Course in Mathematical and Statistical Ecology
Book Synopsis Mathematics of Data Fusion by : I.R. Goodman
Download or read book Mathematics of Data Fusion written by I.R. Goodman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-08-31 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data fusion or information fusion are names which have been primarily assigned to military-oriented problems. In military applications, typical data fusion problems are: multisensor, multitarget detection, object identification, tracking, threat assessment, mission assessment and mission planning, among many others. However, it is clear that the basic underlying concepts underlying such fusion procedures can often be used in nonmilitary applications as well. The purpose of this book is twofold: First, to point out present gaps in the way data fusion problems are conceptually treated. Second, to address this issue by exhibiting mathematical tools which treat combination of evidence in the presence of uncertainty in a more systematic and comprehensive way. These techniques are based essentially on two novel ideas relating to probability theory: the newly developed fields of random set theory and conditional and relational event algebra. This volume is intended to be both an update on research progress on data fusion and an introduction to potentially powerful new techniques: fuzzy logic, random set theory, and conditional and relational event algebra. Audience: This volume can be used as a reference book for researchers and practitioners in data fusion or expert systems theory, or for graduate students as text for a research seminar or graduate level course.
Book Synopsis Decision Theory and Decision Behaviour by : Anatol Rapoport
Download or read book Decision Theory and Decision Behaviour written by Anatol Rapoport and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the content of a year's course in decision processes for third and fourth year students given at the University of Toronto. A principal theme of the book is the relationship between normative and descriptive decision theory. The distinction between the two approaches is not clear to everyone, yet it is of great importance. Normative decision theory addresses itself to the question of how people ought to make decisions in various types of situations, if they wish to be regarded (or to regard themselves) as 'rational'. Descriptive decision theory purports to describe how people actually make decisions in a variety of situations. Normative decision theory is much more formalized than descriptive theory. Especially in its advanced branches, normative theory makes use of mathematicallanguage, mode of discourse, and concepts. For this reason, the definitions of terms encountered in normative decision theory are precise, and its deductions are rigorous. Like the terms and assertions of other branches of mathematics, those of mathematically formalized decision theory need not refer to anything in the 'real', i. e. the observable, world. The terms and assertions can be interpreted in the context of models of real li fe situations, but the verisimilitude of the models is not important. They are meant to capture only the essentials of adecision situation, which in reallife may be obscured by complex details and ambiguities. It is these details and ambiguities, however, that may be crucial in determining the outcomes of the decisions.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Processes and Functional Analysis by : Randall J. Swift
Download or read book Stochastic Processes and Functional Analysis written by Randall J. Swift and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the AMS Special Session on Celebrating M. M. Rao's Many Mathematical Contributions as he Turns 90 Years Old, held from November 9–10, 2019, at the University of California, Riverside, California. The articles show the effectiveness of abstract analysis for solving fundamental problems of stochastic theory, specifically the use of functional analytic methods for elucidating stochastic processes and their applications. The volume also includes a biography of M. M. Rao and the list of his publications.
Book Synopsis A Short Course on Functional Equations by : J. Aczél
Download or read book A Short Course on Functional Equations written by J. Aczél and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently I taught short courses on functional equations at several universities (Barcelona, Bern, Graz, Hamburg, Milan, Waterloo). My aim was to introduce the most important equations and methods of solution through actual (not artifi cial) applications which were recent and with which I had something to do. Most of them happened to be related to the social or behavioral sciences. All were originally answers to questions posed by specialists in the respective applied fields. Here I give a somewhat extended version of these lectures, with more recent results and applications included. As previous knowledge just the basic facts of calculus and algebra are supposed. Parts where somewhat more (measure theory) is needed and sketches of lengthier calcula tions are set in fine print. I am grateful to Drs. J. Baker (Waterloo, Ont.), W. Forg-Rob (Innsbruck, Austria) and C. Wagner (Knoxville, Tenn.) for critical remarks and to Mrs. Brenda Law for care ful computer-typing of the manuscript (in several versions). A note on numbering of statements and references: The numbering of Lemmata, Propositions, Theorems, Corollaries and (separately) formulae starts anew in each section. If quoted in another section, the section number is added, e.g. (2.10) or Theorem 1.2. References are quoted by the last names of the authors and the last two digits of the year, e.g. Daroczy-Losonczi [671. 1 1. An aggregation theorem for allocation problems. Cauchy equation for single-and multiplace functions. Two extension theorems.
Book Synopsis Econometrics of Information and Efficiency by : Jati Sengupta
Download or read book Econometrics of Information and Efficiency written by Jati Sengupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Econometrics as an applied discipline attempts to use information in a most efficient manner, yet the information theory and entropy approach developed by Shannon and others has not played much of a role in applied econometrics. Econometrics of Information and Efficiency bridges the gap. Broadly viewed, information theory analyzes the uncertainty of a given set of data and its probabilistic characteristics. Whereas the economic theory of information emphasizes the value of information to agents in a market, the entropy theory stresses the various aspects of imprecision of data and their interactions with the subjective decision processes. The tools of information theory, such as the maximum entropy principle, mutual information and the minimum discrepancy are useful in several areas of statistical inference, e.g., Bayesian estimation, expected maximum likelihood principle, the fuzzy statistical regression. This volume analyzes the applications of these tools of information theory to the most commonly used models in econometrics. The outstanding features of Econometrics of Information and Efficiency are: A critical survey of the uses of information theory in economics and econometrics; An integration of applied information theory and economic efficiency analysis; The development of a new economic hypothesis relating information theory to economic growth models; New lines of research are emphasized.
Book Synopsis Models and Experiments in Risk and Rationality by : Bertrand Munier
Download or read book Models and Experiments in Risk and Rationality written by Bertrand Munier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Models and Experiments in Risk and Rationality presents original contributions to the areas of individual choice, experimental economics, operations and analysis, multiple criteria decision making, market uncertainty, game theory and social choice. The papers, which were presented at the FUR VI conference, are arranged to appear in order of increasing complexity of the decision environment or social context in which they situate themselves. The first section `Psychological Aspects of Risk-Bearing', considers choice at the purely individual level and for the most part, free of any specific economic or social context. The second section examines individual choice within the classical expected utility approach while the third section works from a perspective that includes non-expected utility preferences over lotteries. Section four, `Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Under Uncertainty', considers the more specialized but crucial context of uncertain choice involving tradeoffs between competing criteria -- a field which is becoming of increasing importance in applied decision analysis. The final two sections examine uncertain choice in social or group contexts.
Book Synopsis Markets, Risk and Money by : Bertrand Munier
Download or read book Markets, Risk and Money written by Bertrand Munier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the writings of Maurice Allais, 1988 Nobel Laureate in Economics have only been published in French. Thus to date, economists, management scientists and operations researchers have been severely restricted in gaining access to his work. Markets, Risk and Money presents, for the first time in English, Allais' unconventional views on economic competition, the significance of free markets and overlapping generations, risk psychology, central banking, taxation systems, monetary dynamics and reform. The volume provides a consistent vision of our society and offers readers an evaluation of the impact of Allais' work on our present body of knowledge. Markets, Risk and Money contains contributions from a number of distinguished European and American scholars including Bertrand Munier, Thierry Montbrial, J. Lesourne, Claude Ponsard, Edmond Malinvaud, André Babeau, Marcel Boiteux, Lola L. Lopes, Mark J. Machina, James B. Ramsey, Xavier Freixas, B. Roy and D. Bouyssou, Werner Leinfellner and Jean-Jacques Durand. A biographical sketch and complete bibliography of the author are also included.
Book Synopsis Non-Additive Measure and Integral by : D. Denneberg
Download or read book Non-Additive Measure and Integral written by D. Denneberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Additive Measure and Integral is the first systematic approach to the subject. Much of the additive theory (convergence theorems, Lebesgue spaces, representation theorems) is generalized, at least for submodular measures which are characterized by having a subadditive integral. The theory is of interest for applications to economic decision theory (decisions under risk and uncertainty), to statistics (including belief functions, fuzzy measures) to cooperative game theory, artificial intelligence, insurance, etc. Non-Additive Measure and Integral collects the results of scattered and often isolated approaches to non-additive measures and their integrals which originate in pure mathematics, potential theory, statistics, game theory, economic decision theory and other fields of application. It unifies, simplifies and generalizes known results and supplements the theory with new results, thus providing a sound basis for applications and further research in this growing field of increasing interest. It also contains fundamental results of sigma-additive and finitely additive measure and integration theory and sheds new light on additive theory. Non-Additive Measure and Integral employs distribution functions and quantile functions as basis tools, thus remaining close to the familiar language of probability theory. In addition to serving as an important reference, the book can be used as a mathematics textbook for graduate courses or seminars, containing many exercises to support or supplement the text.
Download or read book Semiorders written by Marc Pirlot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiorder is probably one of the most frequently ordered structures in science. It naturally appears in fields like psychometrics, economics, decision sciences, linguistics and archaeology. It explicitly takes into account the inevitable imprecisions of scientific instruments by allowing the replacement of precise numbers by intervals. The purpose of this book is to dissect this structure and to study its fundamental properties. The main subjects treated are the numerical representations of semiorders, the generalizations of the concept to valued relations, the aggregation of semiorders and their basic role in a general theoretical framework for multicriteria decision-aid methods. Audience: This volume is intended for students and researchers in the fields of decision analysis, management science, operations research, discrete mathematics, classification, social choice theory, and order theory, as well as for practitioners in the design of decision tools.
Book Synopsis Game Theoretical Applications to Economics and Operations Research by : T. Parthasarathy
Download or read book Game Theoretical Applications to Economics and Operations Research written by T. Parthasarathy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Game Theoretical Applications to Economics and Operations Research deals with various aspects of game theory and their applications to Economics and OR related problems. It brings together the contributions of a wide spectrum of disciplines such as Statistics, Mathematics, Mathematical Economics and OR. The contributions include decision theory, stochastic games, cooperative and noncooperative games. The papers in the volume are classified under five different sections. The first four sections are devoted to the theory of two-person games, linear complimentarity problems and game theory, cooperative and noncooperative games. The fifth section contains diverse applications of these various theories. Taken together they exhibit a rich versatility of these theories and lively interaction between the mathematical theory of games and significant economic problems.
Book Synopsis Evolutionary Epistemology, Language and Culture by : Nathalie Gontier
Download or read book Evolutionary Epistemology, Language and Culture written by Nathalie Gontier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-25 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time in history, scholars working on language and culture from within an evolutionary epistemological framework, and thereby emphasizing complementary or deviating theories of the Modern Synthesis, were brought together. Of course there have been excellent conferences on Evolutionary Epistemology in the past, as well as numerous conferences on the topics of Language and Culture. However, until now these disciplines had not been brought together into one all-encompassing conference. Moreover, previously there never had been such stress on alternative and complementary theories of the Modern Synthesis. Today we know that natural selection and evolution are far from synonymous and that they do not explain isomorphic phenomena in the world. ‘Taking Darwin seriously’ is the way to go, but today the time has come to take alternative and complementary theories that developed after the Modern Synthesis, equally seriously, and, furthermore, to examine how language and culture can merit from these diverse disciplines. As this volume will make clear, a specific inter- and transdisciplinary approach is one of the next crucial steps that needs to be taken, if we ever want to unravel the secrets of phenomena such as language and culture.
Book Synopsis Preference Change by : Till Grüne-Yanoff
Download or read book Preference Change written by Till Grüne-Yanoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing preferencesis a phenomenonoften invoked but rarely properlyaccounted for. Throughout the history of the social sciences, researchers have come against the possibility that their subjects’ preferenceswere affected by the phenomenato be explainedor by otherfactorsnot taken into accountin the explanation.Sporadically, attempts have been made to systematically investigate these in uences, but none of these seems to have had a lasting impact. Today we are still not much further with respect to preference change than we were at the middle of the last century. This anthology hopes to provide a new impulse for research into this important subject. In particular, we have chosen two routes to amplify this impulse. First, we stress the use of modellingtechniquesfamiliar from economicsand decision theory. Instead of constructing complex, all-encompassing theories of preference change, the authors of this volume start with very simple, formal accounts of some possible and hopefully plausible mechanism of preference change. Eventually, these models may nd their way into larger, empirically adequate theories, but at this stage, we think that the most importantwork lies in building structure.Secondly,we stress the importance of interdisciplinary exchange. Only by drawing together experts from different elds can the complex empirical and theoretical issues in the modelling of preference change be adequately investigated.
Book Synopsis Economic and Environmental Risk and Uncertainty by : Robert Nau
Download or read book Economic and Environmental Risk and Uncertainty written by Robert Nau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1980s and 1990s have been a period of exciting new developments in the modelling of decision-making under risk and uncertainty. Extensions of the theory of expected utility and alternative theories of `non-expected utility' have been devised to explain many puzzles and paradoxes of individual and collective choice behaviour. This volume presents some of the best recent work on the modelling of risk and uncertainty, with applications to problems in environmental policy, public health, economics and finance. Eighteen papers by distinguished economists, management scientists, and statisticians shed new light on phenomena such as the Allais and St. Petersburg paradoxes, the equity premium puzzle, the demand for insurance, the valuation of public health and safety, and environmental goods. Audience: This work will be of interest to economists, management scientists, risk and policy analysts, and others who study risky decision-making in economic and environmental contexts.
Book Synopsis Arrovian Aggregation Models by : Fuad T. Aleskerov
Download or read book Arrovian Aggregation Models written by Fuad T. Aleskerov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aggregation of individual opinions into a social decision is a problem widely observed in everyday life. For centuries people tried to invent the `best' aggregation rule. In 1951 young American scientist and future Nobel Prize winner Kenneth Arrow formulated the problem in an axiomatic way, i.e., he specified a set of axioms which every reasonable aggregation rule has to satisfy, and obtained that these axioms are inconsistent. This result, often called Arrow's Paradox or General Impossibility Theorem, had become a cornerstone of social choice theory. The main condition used by Arrow was his famous Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives. This very condition pre-defines the `local' treatment of the alternatives (or pairs of alternatives, or sets of alternatives, etc.) in aggregation procedures. Remaining within the framework of the axiomatic approach and based on the consideration of local rules, Arrovian Aggregation Models investigates three formulations of the aggregation problem according to the form in which the individual opinions about the alternatives are defined, as well as to the form of desired social decision. In other words, we study three aggregation models. What is common between them is that in all models some analogue of the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives condition is used, which is why we call these models Arrovian aggregation models. Chapter 1 presents a general description of the problem of axiomatic synthesis of local rules, and introduces problem formulations for various versions of formalization of individual opinions and collective decision. Chapter 2 formalizes precisely the notion of `rationality' of individual opinions and social decision. Chapter 3 deals with the aggregation model for the case of individual opinions and social decisions formalized as binary relations. Chapter 4 deals with Functional Aggregation Rules which transform into a social choice function individual opinions defined as choice functions. Chapter 5 considers another model – Social Choice Correspondences when the individual opinions are formalized as binary relations, and the collective decision is looked for as a choice function. Several new classes of rules are introduced and analyzed.
Book Synopsis Case-Based Approximate Reasoning by : Eyke Hüllermeier
Download or read book Case-Based Approximate Reasoning written by Eyke Hüllermeier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-20 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making use of different frameworks of approximate reasoning and reasoning under uncertainty, notably probabilistic and fuzzy set-based techniques, this book develops formal models of the above inference principle, which is fundamental to CBR. The case-based approximate reasoning methods thus obtained especially emphasize the heuristic nature of case-based inference and aspects of uncertainty in CBR.
Book Synopsis Causality, Meaningful Complexity and Embodied Cognition by : A. Carsetti
Download or read book Causality, Meaningful Complexity and Embodied Cognition written by A. Carsetti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arturo Carsetti According to molecular Biology, true invariance (life) can exist only within the framework of ongoing autonomous morphogenesis and vice versa. With respect to this secret dialectics, life and cognition appear as indissolubly interlinked. In this sense, for instance, the inner articulation of conceptual spaces appears to be linked to an inner functional development based on a continuous activity of selection and “anchorage” realised on semantic grounds. It is the work of “invention” and g- eration (in invariance), linked with the “rooting” of meaning, which determines the evolution, the leaps and punctuated equilibria, the conditions related to the unfo- ing of new modalities of invariance, an invariance which is never simple repetition and which springs on each occasion through deep-level processes of renewal and recovery. The selection perpetrated by meaning reveals its autonomy aboveall in its underpinning, in an objective way, the ongoing choice of these new modalities. As such it is not, then, concerned only with the game of “possibles”, offering itself as a simple channel for pure chance, but with providing a channel for the articulation of the “ le” in the humus of a semantic (and embodied) net in order to prepare the necessary conditionsfor a continuousrenewal and recoveryof original creativity. In effect, it is this autonomy in inventing new possible modules of incompressibility whichdeterminestheactualemergenceofnew(andtrue)creativity,whichalsotakes place through the “narration” of the effected construction.
