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Theoretical Modeling Of Damage Mechanisms For Ultrashort Laser Pulses In Ocular Media
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Book Synopsis Theoretical Modeling of Damage Mechanisms for Ultrashort Laser Pulses in Ocular Media by :
Download or read book Theoretical Modeling of Damage Mechanisms for Ultrashort Laser Pulses in Ocular Media written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The funding provided in this grant has allowed the development of a comprehensive computational model for predicting the effect that any laser pulse will have on any spherical absorbing particle. This model is based upon fundamental principles an(therefore is capable of determining all thermomechanical responses (temperature rise, shock wave, explosive vaporization) and is applicable to a wide range of materials with unprecedented accuracy. This allows the assessment of potential damage to a variety of materials, such as biological tissue. The computational model is also applicable for investigating and predicting laser induced damage in synthetic polymers and optical and electronic communication materials. The research also furnishes a technique for determining thermomechanical properties of microparticles used in novel medical, biological and material science applications. In addition, we have seen evidence that the thermomechanical response in various materials to a laser pulse is not only non-linear, but chaotic. This implies that small changes in laser pulse characteristics such as duration or energy may lead to enormous changes in response that are extremely damaging to the material whether biological or synthetic. The detailed nature of the investigation and resulting model allowed for the discovery of this chaotic behavior, which had not been previously reported by any other investigators.
Book Synopsis Administracion del general don Juan Antonio Pezet la republica del Péru by :
Download or read book Administracion del general don Juan Antonio Pezet la republica del Péru written by and published by . This book was released on 1867 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anti-slavery Society (London) written by and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Theoretical Modeling of Ocular Tissue Damage by Short Pulse Lasers by :
Download or read book Theoretical Modeling of Ocular Tissue Damage by Short Pulse Lasers written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has developed computer simulations of how ultra-short pulsed lasers will interact with the retina. Consideration was given to how optical energy couples into the melanosomes of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), how thermal energy is confined within the melanosomes, how stress is generated in the melanosomes, and the pulse-duration dependence of thermal and stress induced injury to the melanosome.
Author :William P. Roach Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 : Total Pages :694 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Selected Papers on Ultrashort Laser Pulse Bioeffects by : William P. Roach
Download or read book Selected Papers on Ultrashort Laser Pulse Bioeffects written by William P. Roach and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2002-12-31 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains key papers that document the initial probing of the limits of subnanosecond pulses and the resulting discoveries of nonlinear effects. The papers tell the story of effects previously thought to be impossible to produce in tissue. If you read all the references carefully, you will see the studies evolve from speculation to experimentation to theory, and culminate in policy recommendations.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects on Ocular Tissue of Multiple Laser Pulses and of Single Ultrashort Pulses of Varying Wavelength by :
Download or read book Effects on Ocular Tissue of Multiple Laser Pulses and of Single Ultrashort Pulses of Varying Wavelength written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to evaluate laser safety standards, Dr. Toth examined fluorescein angiograms (in some cases OCT) and fixed tissue sections and aided in defining exposure limits for pulse widths less than one nanosecond. In our initial short pulse study, we were concerned with the restriction to a single wavelength. To verify that the tissue effects were due to the pulse structure, we obtained data outside a single wavelength. We obtained from information from -530-nm and -1060nm wavelengths to compare to data obtained from previous studies of visible laser picosecond and femtosecond pulses. The type of lesions created with 530 and 1060-1064nm wavelengths were similar to the lesions created in the earlier 580-nm wavelength studies. This supported the theory that laser induced breakdown is one of the primary damage mechanisms for ultrashort laser pulses. Data from our studies was used by the American National Standard Institute in publications ANSI Z136.1, 'Safe Use of Lasers' (updated 2000) and ANSI Z136.3, 'Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities' (1996).
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 'Ultrashort Laser Pulse Effects in Ocular and Related Media: Laser-Induced Shock Wave Propagation and Retinal Damage'. by :
Download or read book 'Ultrashort Laser Pulse Effects in Ocular and Related Media: Laser-Induced Shock Wave Propagation and Retinal Damage'. written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this project was to study the role of mechanical effects in producing retinal injury as part of a larger Air Force program on ultrashort laser pulse ocular injury. Laser-induced stress transients were generated by the ablation F of a polyimide target by an excimer laser in order to study damage due only to waves, excluding confounding factors such as cavitation. The model for ocular injury consisted of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro. The response of RPE cells to compressive waves has been determined using a dye exclusion assay to deter- mine cell killing. The susceptibility of RPE cells to damage by stress waves varies with cell line. Transformed retinal pigment epithelium cells are more susceptible than normal ones. Saturation of damage versus number of stress wave pulses is observed, and a threshold-like behavior of cell killing versus stress is found. A system for generating purely tensile stress waves was developed and initial results showing that tensile stress waves are far more damaging to RPE cells than compressive ones were obtained. In order to characterize the propagation of stress waves in ocular media we have used picosecond transient grating spectroscopy to determine the acoustic attenuation and the sound velocity of the vitreous and the lens of the bovine eye in the 925-1020 Mhz range. These experiments indicated that at this frequency the sound velocity of bovine vitreous can be well approximated by that of water, but the acoustic attenuation coefficient is much higher than would be extrapolated from published low-frequency data.
Book Synopsis Les Constitutions de tous les Pays civilisés, recueillies, mises en ordre et annotées par Mme la Princesse de Lesignano ... by :
Download or read book Les Constitutions de tous les Pays civilisés, recueillies, mises en ordre et annotées par Mme la Princesse de Lesignano ... written by and published by . This book was released on 1880 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of Laser-tissue Interaction by :
Download or read book Proceedings of Laser-tissue Interaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Damage Mechanisms in Nontransparent Media by : PM. Fauchet
Download or read book Surface Damage Mechanisms in Nontransparent Media written by PM. Fauchet and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review our experimental and theoretical work on surface transformations produced on amorphous and crystalline semiconductors and metals by single or multiple ultrashort laser pulses. In addition to melting and vaporization, two phenomena have attracted our attention: the formation of surface ripples and transformations due to repetitive subthreshold illumination.
Book Synopsis The Theory of Laser Materials Processing by : John Dowden
Download or read book The Theory of Laser Materials Processing written by John Dowden and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised edition of this important reference volume presents an expanded overview of the analytical and numerical approaches employed when exploring and developing modern laser materials processing techniques. The book shows how general principles can be used to obtain insight into laser processes, whether derived from fundamental physical theory or from direct observation of experimental results. The book gives readers an understanding of the strengths and limitations of simple numerical and analytical models that can then be used as the starting-point for more elaborate models of specific practical, theoretical or commercial value. Following an introduction to the mathematical formulation of some relevant classes of physical ideas, the core of the book consists of chapters addressing key applications in detail: cutting, keyhole welding, drilling, arc and hybrid laser-arc welding, hardening, cladding and forming. The second edition includes a new a chapter on glass cutting with lasers, as employed in the display industry. A further addition is a chapter on meta-modelling, whose purpose is to construct fast, simple and reliable models based on appropriate sources of information. It then makes it easy to explore data visually and is a convenient interactive tool for scientists to improve the quality of their models and for developers when designing their processes. As in the first edition, the book ends with an updated introduction to comprehensive numerical simulation. Although the book focuses on laser interactions with materials, many of the principles and methods explored can be applied to thermal modelling in a variety of different fields and at different power levels. It is aimed principally however at academic and industrial researchers and developers in the field of laser technology.
Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Damage of Optical Materials by : Roger M. Wood
Download or read book Laser-Induced Damage of Optical Materials written by Roger M. Wood and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The laser power handling capacities of optical systems are determined by the physical properties of their component materials. At low intensity levels these factors are not important, but an understanding of damage mechanisms is fundamental to good design of laser products operating at high power. Laser Induced Damage of Optical Materials presents a comprehensive overview of the damage processes that occur at high laser intensity levels and explains how these factors limit the energy handling capabilities of optical systems. The first two chapters of the book review basic EM theory, and consider optical effects, including absorption and scattering processes, that occur at low and medium energy levels. Chapter 3 describes the damage mechanisms that come into effect when intensity levels are raised. Chapter 4 discusses the central theory for the definition and measurement of the laser-induced damage thresholds of optical materials. This covers both thermal damage and dielectric breakdown as a function of absorption and laser pulse length and spot size. The following chapters are devoted to surfaces and sub-surface damage, coatings, measurement techniques, and special topics such as scaling and the importance of using the correct measurement unit systems. Laser Induced Damage of Optical Materials is an invaluable resource to those working with optical systems where high laser intensity is a factor.
Book Synopsis Ultrashort Laser Pulse Induced Electromagnetic Stress on Biological Macromolecular Systems by : Adam P. Bruckner
Download or read book Ultrashort Laser Pulse Induced Electromagnetic Stress on Biological Macromolecular Systems written by Adam P. Bruckner and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threshold damage mechanisms resulting from picosecond laser irradiation of biological macromolecular systems similar to constituents of living cells are examined theoretically and experimentally. Three classes of potential damage mechanisms are possible: laser-induced infrared photochemistry, thermal and catalytic mechanisms, and stress-induced mechanical strains. A preliminary theoretical treatment is presented of the problem of stress distribution in a rodlike array of optically anisotropic elements in a viscous fluid that is exposed to an intense polarized light field. The results of experimental studies with poly(L-lysine) and calf-thymus DNA are presented. Solutions of these biological macromolecules are exposed to ultrashort pulses produced by a mode-locked Nd:Glass laser at a wavelength of 1060 nm. The effects of single pulses and one or more entire pulse trains are investigated. Molecular damage is monitored by measuring changes in the molecular translational diffusion coefficients between irradiated and control samples through the technique of dynamic light scattering. Although, thus far, damage thresholds for single picosecond pulses have not been established, it has been found that energy densities of the order of 100-150 mJ/cm.sq. for an entire mode-locked pulse train appear to be required to produce detectable damage in samples of DNA. Under similar conditions no damage is observed in poly(L-lysine). This suggests that in living tissue the hereditary material may be more susceptible to damage than the proteins.
Book Synopsis Toxicology Research Projects Directory by :
Download or read book Toxicology Research Projects Directory written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indexed directory of current research project abstracts in toxicology and related fields.
Book Synopsis Lasers in Ophthalmology by : Franz Fankhauser
Download or read book Lasers in Ophthalmology written by Franz Fankhauser and published by Kugler Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview of the status of the broad range of laser applications.
