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The Wealth Effect In Occupational Choise
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Book Synopsis The Wealth Effect in Occupational Choice by : Yoram Weiss
Download or read book The Wealth Effect in Occupational Choice written by Yoram Weiss and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to indicate regularities in the area of occupational choice using income-leisure analysis. A simple one-period model is used to examine the effect of changes in nonhuman and human wealth on the choice of an occupation. It is argued that under certainty: An increase in nonwage income will increase the propensity to choose pleasant low-paying work activities. An increase in human capital will also induce a choice of pleasant work activities if the income effect is dominant. Under conditions of uncertainty an increase in nonwage income will tend to encourage the choice of risky high-paying work activities if their monetary returns are uncertain. If the nonmonetary returns of an occupation are uncertain the propensity to choose it will tend to decrease with wealth. Finally, an increase in human capital is likely to discourage the choice of occupations with risky monetary returns.
Book Synopsis Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses by : John Haltiwanger
Download or read book Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses written by John Haltiwanger and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges brings together and unprecedented group of economists, data providers, and data analysts to discuss research on the state of entrepreneurship and to address the challenges in understanding this dynamic part of the economy. Each chapter addresses the challenges of measuring entrepreneurship and how entrepreneurial firms contribute to economies and standards of living. The book also investigates heterogeneity in entrepreneurs, challenges experienced by entrepreneurs over time, and how much less we know than we think about entrepreneurship given data limitations. This volume will be a groundbreaking first serious look into entrepreneurship in the NBER's Income and Wealth series.
Book Synopsis The Wealth Effect in Occupational Choise by : Yoram Weiss
Download or read book The Wealth Effect in Occupational Choise written by Yoram Weiss and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Occupational Choice, Risk Aversion, and Wealth by : Allan G. King
Download or read book Occupational Choice, Risk Aversion, and Wealth written by Allan G. King and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Simple Model of Inequality, Occupational Choice, and Development by : Maitreesh Ghatak
Download or read book A Simple Model of Inequality, Occupational Choice, and Development written by Maitreesh Ghatak and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze a simple and tractable model of occupational choice in the presence of credit market imperfections. We examine the effect of parameters governing technology and transaction costs, and history, in terms of the initial wealth distribution, in determining the long-term wealth distribution and the level of per capita income of an economy.
Book Synopsis Is Inequality Bad for Business? by : Alice Mesnard
Download or read book Is Inequality Bad for Business? written by Alice Mesnard and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data on occupational choice among return migrants in Tunisia reveal that higher inequality of wealth reduces the level of new business activity. The effect is not large, however. Even dramatic redistributions of wealth would not provide much stimulus to entrepreneurship.
Book Synopsis A Theory of Occupational Choice with Endogenous Fertility by : Dilip Mookherjee
Download or read book A Theory of Occupational Choice with Endogenous Fertility written by Dilip Mookherjee and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The impact of early occupational choice on health behaviors by : Inas Rashad Kelly
Download or read book The impact of early occupational choice on health behaviors written by Inas Rashad Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Occupational choice is a significant input into individuals' health investments, operating in a manner that can be either health-promoting or health-depreciating. Recent studies have highlighted the potential importance of initial occupational choice on subsequent outcomes pertaining to morbidity. This study is the first to assess the existence and strength of a causal relationship between initial occupational choice at labor entry and subsequent health behaviors and habits. We utilize the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to analyze the effect of first occupation, as identified by industry category and blue collar work, on subsequent health outcomes relating to body mass index, obesity, alcohol consumption, and physical activity in 1999-2005. Our findings suggest that initial occupations described as craft, operative, and service are related to higher body mass index and obesity later in life, while labor occupations are related to higher probabilities of smoking later in life. Blue collar work early in life is associated with increased probabilities of obesity and smoking, and decreased physical activity later in life, although effects may be masked by unobserved heterogeneity. Few effects are found for the effect of initial occupation on alcohol consumption. The weight of the evidence bearing from various methodologies, which account for non-random unobserved selection, indicates that at least part of this effect is consistent with a causal interpretation. These estimates also underscore the potential durable impact of early labor market experiences on later health
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Book Synopsis Occupational Choice, Wealth Distribution and Development by : Emilio Colombo
Download or read book Occupational Choice, Wealth Distribution and Development written by Emilio Colombo and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Estimating Causal Effects of Early Occupational Choice on Later Health by : Jason M. Fletcher
Download or read book Estimating Causal Effects of Early Occupational Choice on Later Health written by Jason M. Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In this paper, we provide some of the first empirical evidence of whether early occupational choices are associated with lasting effects on health status, affecting individuals as they age. We take advantage of data on occupational histories available in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine this issue. To the PSID data, we merge historical Census data that reflect the labor market conditions when each individual in the PSID made his first occupational choice. These data on labor market conditions (e.g. state-level share of blue collar workers) allow us to instrument for occupational choice in order to alleviate endogeneity bias. We use parental occupation as additional instruments. Since our instruments may have indirect effects on later health, we also control for respondent's pre-labor market health, education and several family and state background characteristics in order to make the instruments more plausibly excludable. We find substantial evidence that a blue collar occupation at labor force entry is associated with decrements to later health status, ceteris paribus. These health effects are larger after controlling for endogeneity and are similar across sets of instruments. We also find differences in the effects of occupation by gender, race, and age
Book Synopsis Is Inequality Bad for Business? A Nonlinear Microeconomic Model of Wealth Effects on Self-Employment by : Martin Ravallion
Download or read book Is Inequality Bad for Business? A Nonlinear Microeconomic Model of Wealth Effects on Self-Employment written by Martin Ravallion and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: January 2001 Data on occupational choice among return migrants in Tunisia reveal that higher inequality of wealth reduces the level of new business activity. The effect is not large, however. Even dramatic redistributions of wealth would not provide much stimulus to entrepreneurship. It is widely assumed that pervasive credit market failures mean that a person's current wealth is critical to whether or not that person takes up opportunities to start a new business. Mesnard and Ravallion show that inequality in wealth can be either good or bad for the level of entrepreneurship in an economy, depending on how diminishing returns to capital interact with borrowing constraints at the microeconomic level. They use nonparametric regression methods to study wealth effects on business start-ups among migrants returning to their home country, Tunisia. They include controls for heterogeneity, with specification tests for the nonseparable effects with wealth and for selection bias. There is no evidence of increasing returns at low wealth. The aggregate number of business start-ups is an increasing function of aggregate wealth but a decreasing function of wealth inequality. In other words, at any given mean, the higher the initial inequality of wealth, the lower the rate of new business start-ups, through the existence of diminishing returns to capital given liquidity constraints. In this sense, the results suggest that inequality is bad for business--but the size of this effect is small. The findings do not constitute a case for public redistribution of wealth as a means of stimulating business activity. There should probably be more research on interventions to reduce liquidity constraints. This paper--a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand how the distribution of wealth in an economy influences macroeconomic activity and occupational structure. Martin Ravallion may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Occupational Choice, the Effects of Skill Supply on Relative Wages, and Capital-skill Correlation by : Gregory Michael Kurtzon
Download or read book Occupational Choice, the Effects of Skill Supply on Relative Wages, and Capital-skill Correlation written by Gregory Michael Kurtzon and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many policies attempt to reduce income inequality by encouraging education and restricting immigration, based on the idea that similarly skilled workers are substitutes and differently skilled workers are complements. With more highly skilled workers and less low skilled workers, high skilled wages would fall and low skilled wages would rise. This paper theoretically develops, provides empirical evidence for, estimates a structural version of, and simulates a new model that explains this effect with differently skilled workers choosing different, complementary occupations. Workers change occupations when wages change, with the result that education subsidies can make low skilled workers worse off when high skilled workers enter their occupations. In addition, immigration can aid low skilled workers by making it beneficial to move into previously higher skilled occupations.
Book Synopsis Wealth, Tastes, and Entrepreneurial Choice by : Erik Hurst
Download or read book Wealth, Tastes, and Entrepreneurial Choice written by Erik Hurst and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The non-pecuniary benefits of managing a small business are a first order consideration for many nascent entrepreneurs, yet the preference for business ownership is mostly ignored in models of entrepreneurship and occupational choice. In this paper, we study a population with varying entrepreneurial tastes and wealth in a simple general equilibrium model of occupational choice. This choice yields several important results: (1) entrepreneurship can be thought of as a normal good, generating wealth effects independent of financing constraints, (2) non-pecuniary entrepreneurs select into small scale firms, (3) subsidies designed to stimulate more business entry can have regressive distributional effects. Despite abstracting from other important considerations such as risk, financing constraints, and innovation, we show that non-pecuniary compensation is particularly relevant in discussions of small businesses.
Book Synopsis Essays on Occupational Choice by : David John Malte Enocksson
Download or read book Essays on Occupational Choice written by David John Malte Enocksson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 analyzes the effects of two compensation frictions: (i) non-linear labor remuneration that penalizes part-time work relative to full-time, particularly in the form of lower benefits; and (ii) rigid employment contracts that restrict access to the dual sector. The results suggest that both frictions have similar effects on occupational mobility. A decrease in the compensation penalty to part-time work, or an increase in employment flexibility, increases entrepreneurial undertakings in the economy, increases aggregate welfare, reduces wealth inequality, and shifts the wealth distribution to the right.
Book Synopsis Wealth Distribution and Self-employment in a Developing Economy by : Alice Mesnard
Download or read book Wealth Distribution and Self-employment in a Developing Economy written by Alice Mesnard and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cost-Benefit Analysis by : Richard Layard
Download or read book Cost-Benefit Analysis written by Richard Layard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-06-30 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering all the main problems that arise in a typical cost-benefit exercise, this second edition reflects the most recent research in the area. It considers the main theoretical issues, the problem of ascribing a monetary value to things and includes six separate case studies.
