The Use of Second Person Pronouns in Private and Official Letters in Early Modern English

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668129029
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of Second Person Pronouns in Private and Official Letters in Early Modern English by : Julie Dillenkofer

Download or read book The Use of Second Person Pronouns in Private and Official Letters in Early Modern English written by Julie Dillenkofer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Heidelberg (Anglistisches Seminar), language: English, abstract: This thesis includes 171 pages of detailed linguistic corpus analysis as well as 36 pages of running text examining the use of thou, thee, ye and you in Early Modern English. The corpus I will use is the diachronic multi-genre Helsinki Corpus of English Texts, which consists of 1 572 800 words. For my investigation of the subjective and objective second person pronouns, I will consider all 2977 occurrences of thou, thee, ye and you (including their alternative spellings) in the 126 Early Modern English text samples of private and official correspondence. For this research, I will use private and official letters, since they are essentially the only surviving text samples in which an individual is consistently addressed. I will first analyze the use of the subjective and objective second person pronouns in private correspondence. More precisely, I will determine how thou, thee, ye and you (and their alternative spellings) were used in the period of Early Modern English and in which context they appeared. Next, I will investigate the same four pronouns in non-private Early Modern English letters. Finally, I will compare the use of the subjective and objective second person pronouns in private and non-private correspondence from the first Early Modern English period (1500 to 1570) through the second one (1570 to 1640) up to the third and last one (1640 to 1710). I will explore to what extent a status distinction or an emotional marking is made within these private and official letters and how each of the four pronouns developed until only you remained. Initially, the usage of certain second person pronouns related to social status as well. In Middle English, ye and you were generally used by inferiors for addressing their superiors, while thou and thee were employed by superiors for speaking with their inferiors (cf. Adamson et al 2001: 206, 227-228; Barber 1976: 208; Baugh and Cable 1978: 242; Brown and Gilman 1960: 255-257 ; Byrne 1936: xix-xx, xxiii-xxiv, xxvii; Görlach 1991: 85). In Early Modern English, the use of the more polite pronouns ye and you was favored, and, as a result, the status distinction became less common until it was eventually dropped in Modern English.

Gender and Pronoun Usage in the 17th Century

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656199418
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (561 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and Pronoun Usage in the 17th Century by : Lea-Marie Pasemann

Download or read book Gender and Pronoun Usage in the 17th Century written by Lea-Marie Pasemann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-05-29 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Cologne (Englisches Seminar), course: Introduction to Sociolinguistics, language: English, abstract: Language changes, all the time. This is true because English spoken a millennium ago significantly differs from English spoken today. But how did it change and who were the in-novators who promoted language change in the course of time? It is the aim of the following research paper to show how and why the pronominal system changed from thou to you as the standard second person singular pronoun in the course of the Early Modern English period (1500-1700). More precisely, private correspondence from the 17th century will be examined to see why thou or you respectively were chosen and if it was one gender rather than the other who mainly contributed to the standard that we have today. The first chapter is going to shed light on Renaissance England and its demographical facts with particular emphasis on the role of women. General information will be included as well as some facts about family life, and most importantly, about education and literacy, which is imperative for language change found in written texts. The second chapter is going to investigate when, how and why a change in the pronominal system from thou to you occurred. In order to do so the concepts of power and solidarity as well as aspects of politeness theory will be considered. Chapter two is going to finish with a summary of assumptions about gender differences in pronoun usage. In chapter three a small-scale qualitative analysis of letters by female and male writers to family members will be carried out. The material is taken from the Corpus of Early English Correspondence (CEEC) as well as from the Helsinki Corpus (HC). It will be examined if the concepts brought forward in chapter two, e.g. affection or anger and matters of social stratification, e.g. super-/subordination p

Gender and Pronoun Usage in the 17th Century

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 365619856X
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (561 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and Pronoun Usage in the 17th Century by : Lea-Marie Pasemann

Download or read book Gender and Pronoun Usage in the 17th Century written by Lea-Marie Pasemann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Cologne (Englisches Seminar), course: Introduction to Sociolinguistics, language: English, abstract: Language changes, all the time. This is true because English spoken a millennium ago significantly differs from English spoken today. But how did it change and who were the in-novators who promoted language change in the course of time? It is the aim of the following research paper to show how and why the pronominal system changed from thou to you as the standard second person singular pronoun in the course of the Early Modern English period (1500-1700). More precisely, private correspondence from the 17th century will be examined to see why thou or you respectively were chosen and if it was one gender rather than the other who mainly contributed to the standard that we have today. The first chapter is going to shed light on Renaissance England and its demographical facts with particular emphasis on the role of women. General information will be included as well as some facts about family life, and most importantly, about education and literacy, which is imperative for language change found in written texts. The second chapter is going to investigate when, how and why a change in the pronominal system from thou to you occurred. In order to do so the concepts of power and solidarity as well as aspects of politeness theory will be considered. Chapter two is going to finish with a summary of assumptions about gender differences in pronoun usage. In chapter three a small-scale qualitative analysis of letters by female and male writers to family members will be carried out. The material is taken from the Corpus of Early English Correspondence (CEEC) as well as from the Helsinki Corpus (HC). It will be examined if the concepts brought forward in chapter two, e.g. affection or anger and matters of social stratification, e.g. super-/subordination played a role in language choice and, ultimately, language change. It is going to be the aim of the fourth and last chapter to summarize the findings and an attempt will be made to form a conclusion to the question asked initially.

Studies in Late Modern English Correspondence

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Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9783039116584
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies in Late Modern English Correspondence by : Marina Dossena

Download or read book Studies in Late Modern English Correspondence written by Marina Dossena and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies presented in this volume concentrate on aspects of Late Modern English correspondence in the usage of individuals belonging to different social classes, writing for different purposes, and finding themselves in different social contexts, both in Britain and in its colonies. As the growing body of research published in recent years has shown, analysing the language of letters presents both a challenge and an opportunity to obtain access to as full a range of styles as would be possible for a period for which we only have access to the language in its written form. It is an area of study in which all the contributors have considerable expertise, which affords them to present data findings while discussing important methodological issues. In addition, in most cases data derive from specially-designed 'second-generation' corpora, reflecting state-of-the-art approaches to historical sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Theoretical issues concerning letters as a text type, their role in social network analysis, and their value in the identification of register or variety specific traits are highlighted, alongside issues concerning the (often less than easy) relationship between strictly codified norms and actual usage on the part of speakers whose level of education could vary considerably.

Politeness in the History of English

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108499627
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Politeness in the History of English by : Andreas Jucker

Download or read book Politeness in the History of English written by Andreas Jucker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Middle Ages up to the present day, this book traces politeness in the history of the English language.

The use of "thou" and its variants in religious discourse in Early Modern English

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668034869
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis The use of "thou" and its variants in religious discourse in Early Modern English by : Julie Dillenkofer

Download or read book The use of "thou" and its variants in religious discourse in Early Modern English written by Julie Dillenkofer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-08-24 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Heidelberg (Anglistisches Seminar), course: Historical Pragmatics, language: English, abstract: "You" is an unusually versatile personal pronoun; it is “used to address two or more persons, animals, or personified things” and "thus" indicates the nominative and accusative in both singular and plural. However, you has not always been the only second person English pronoun. In Old and Middle English, there were various pronouns differentiating among gender, person, case, number including dual number. By the time period of Early Modern English, the number of pronouns was restricted and - eventually - three different forms came to be used as the nominative second person pronoun: you, ye and thou (alternative spelling: thow). In general, thou was used as the singular form, whereas ye and you were used for the plural. At the beginning of Early Modern English, ye was used as the nominative second person pronoun, while you was primarily used as the correspondent accusative form. However, in the course of the Early Modern English period, you supplanted ye as the nominative but maintained its use as the accusative form as well. On the other hand, by the end of the Early Modern English time period, you expanded its use to both the singular and the plural form and has remained that way ever since (cf. Barber 1997; Görlach 1993; Nevalainen 2006).

What's Your Pronoun?: Beyond He and She

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Publisher : Liveright Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1631496050
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis What's Your Pronoun?: Beyond He and She by : Dennis Baron

Download or read book What's Your Pronoun?: Beyond He and She written by Dennis Baron and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “If you want to know why more people are asking ‘what’s your pronoun?’ then you (singular or plural) should read this book.” —Joe Moran, New York Times Book Review Heralded as “required reading” (Geoff Nunberg) and “the book” (Anne Fadiman) for anyone interested in the conversation swirling around gender-neutral and nonbinary pronouns, What’s Your Pronoun? is a classic in the making. Providing much-needed historical context and analysis to the debate around what we call ourselves, Dennis Baron brings new insight to a centuries-old topic and illuminates how—and why—these pronouns are sparking confusion and prompting new policies in schools, workplaces, and even statehouses. Enlightening and affirming, What’s Your Pronoun? introduces a new way of thinking about language, gender, and how they intersect.

The Linguistics of Spoken Communication in Early Modern English Writing

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331966008X
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis The Linguistics of Spoken Communication in Early Modern English Writing by : Imogen Marcus

Download or read book The Linguistics of Spoken Communication in Early Modern English Writing written by Imogen Marcus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses a corpus of manuscript letters from Bess of Hardwick to investigate how linguistic features characteristic of spoken communication function within early modern epistolary prose. Using these letters as a primary data source with reference to other epistolary materials from the early modern period (1500-1750), the author examines them in a unique and systematic way. The book is the first of its kind to combine a replicable scribal profiling technique, used to identify holograph and scribal handwriting within the letters, with innovative analyses of the language they contain. Furthermore, by adopting a discourse-analytic approach to the language and making reference to the socio-historical context of language use, the book provides an alternative perspective to the one often presented in traditional historical accounts of English. This volume will appeal to students and scholars of early modern English and historical linguistics.

Alternative Histories of English

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134569343
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternative Histories of English by : Peter Trudgill

Download or read book Alternative Histories of English written by Peter Trudgill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-06 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking collection explores the beliefs and approaches to the history of English that do not make it into standard textbooks. Orthodox histories have presented a tunnel version of the history of the English language which is sociologically inadequate. In this book a range of leading international scholars show how this focus on standard English dialect is to the detriment of those which are non-standard or from other areas of the world. Alternative Histories of English: * reveals the range of possible 'narratives' about how different varieties of 'Englishes' may have emerged * places emphasis on pragmatic, sociolinguistic and discourse-oriented aspects of English rather than the traditional grammar, vocabulary and phonology * considers diverse topics including South African English, Indian English, Southern Hemisphere Englishes, Early Modern English, women's writing, and politeness. Presenting a fuller and richer picture of the complexity of the history of English, the contributors to Alternative Histories of English explain why English is the diverse world language it is today.

Directions in Corpus Linguistics

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110867273
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Directions in Corpus Linguistics by : Jan Svartvik

Download or read book Directions in Corpus Linguistics written by Jan Svartvik and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks, as well as studies that provide new insights by approaching language from an interdisciplinary perspective. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert.

Early Modern English

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110522918
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Modern English by : Alexander Bergs

Download or read book Early Modern English written by Alexander Bergs and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive account of Early Modern English, organized by linguistic level. In seventeen individual chapters, written by recognized experts in the field, this volume not only presents detailed outlines of the traditional language levels, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. It also explores key questions and debates, such as do-periphrasis, the Great Vowel Shift, pronouns and relativization, literary language (including the language of Shakespeare), and sociolinguistics, including contact and standardization.

A History of the English Language

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139451294
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of the English Language by : Richard Hogg

Download or read book A History of the English Language written by Richard Hogg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history and development of English, from the earliest known writings to its status today as a dominant world language, is a subject of major importance to linguists and historians. In this book, a team of international experts cover the entire recorded history of the English language, outlining its development over fifteen centuries. With an emphasis on more recent periods, every key stage in the history of the language is covered, with full accounts of standardisation, names, the distribution of English in Britain and North America, and its global spread. New historical surveys of the crucial aspects of the language are presented, and historical changes that have affected English are treated as a continuing process, helping to explain the shape of the language today. This complete and up-to-date history of English will be indispensable to all advanced students, scholars and teachers in this prominent field.

A History of English Reflexive Pronouns

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Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027227607
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of English Reflexive Pronouns by : Elly van Gelderen

Download or read book A History of English Reflexive Pronouns written by Elly van Gelderen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a number of seemingly distinct phenomena in the history of English: the introduction of special reflexive pronouns (e.g. myself), the loss of verbal agreement and pro-drop, and the disappearance of morphological Case. It provides vast numbers of examples from Old and Middle English texts showing a person split between first, second, and third person pronouns. Extending an analysis by Reinhart & Reuland, the author argues that the 'strength' of certain pronominal features (Case, person, number) differs cross-linguistically and that parametric variation accounts for the changes in English. The framework used is Minimalist, and Interpretable and Uninterpretable features are seen as the key to explaining the change from a synthetic to an analytic language.

Thou and You in Early Modern English Dialogues

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Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027254016
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Thou and You in Early Modern English Dialogues by : Terry Walker

Download or read book Thou and You in Early Modern English Dialogues written by Terry Walker and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a corpus-based study examining thou and you in three speech-related genres from 1560–1760, a crucial period in the history of second person singular pronouns, spanning the time from when you became dominant to when thou became all but obsolete. The study embraces the fields of corpus linguistics, historical pragmatics, and historical sociolinguistics. Using data drawn from the recently released A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760 and manuscript material, the aim is to ascertain which extra-linguistic and linguistic factors highlighted by previous research appear particularly relevant in the selection and relative distribution of thou and you. Previous research on thou and you has tended to concentrate on Drama and/or been primarily qualitative in nature. Depositions in particular have hitherto received very little attention. This book is intended to help fill a gap in the literature by presenting an in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of pronoun usage in Trials, Depositions, and, for comparative purposes, Drama Comedy.

Writing History in Late Modern English

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Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027262012
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Writing History in Late Modern English by : Isabel Moskowich

Download or read book Writing History in Late Modern English written by Isabel Moskowich and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the relationship and interaction of language and science between 1700 and 1900. It pays particular attention to English History writing in late Modern English as compiled in the Corpus of History English Texts (CHET), a newly released sub-corpus of the Coruña Corpus of English Scientific Writing. The chapters cover methodological issues, the period and the status of the discipline itself, as well as pilot studies for the description of scientific discourse using CHET. They embrace topics in several linguistic fields: discourse analysis, syntax, semantics, morpho-syntax. The studies take into account extralinguistic parameters of texts, such as year of publication, sex of the author, geographical provenance of authors and the communicative formats/genres to which the text sample belongs. In the particular case of CHET, the collected samples can be grouped in eight different categories and such categories, as well as the above-mentioned metadata information, can be used to search the corpus. The book is of interest for scholars specialised in corpus linguistics and historical linguistics, as well as linguists in general. The metadata information used for analysis can also be of interest for historians and historians of science in particular.The Corpus of History English Texts (CHET), accompanied by the Coruña Corpus Tool (CCT), purpose-designed software by IrLab, is accessible online at the Repositorio Universidade Coruña at http://hdl.handle.net/2183/21849

Sociolinguistics and Language History

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Publisher : Rodopi
ISBN 13 : 9789051839746
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (397 download)

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Book Synopsis Sociolinguistics and Language History by : Terttu Nevalainen

Download or read book Sociolinguistics and Language History written by Terttu Nevalainen and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 1996 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role has social status played in shaping the English language across the centuries? Have women also been the agents of language standardization in the past? Can apparent-time patterns be used to predict the course of long-term language change? These questions and many others will be addressed in this volume, which combines sociolinguistic methodology and social history to account for diachronic language change in Renaissance English. The approach has been made possible by the new machine-readable Corpus of Early English Correspondence (CEEC) specifically compiled for this purpose. The 2.4-million-word corpus covers the period from 1420 to 1680 and contains over 700 writers. The volume introduces the premises of the study, discussing both modern sociolinguistics and English society in the late medieval and early modern periods. A detailed description is given of the Corpus of Early English Correspondence, its encoding, and the separate database which records the letter writers' social backgrounds. The pilot studies based on the CEEC suggest that social rank and gender should both be considered in diachronic language change, but that apparent-time patterns may not always be a reliable cue to what will happen in the long run. The volume also argues that historical sociolinguistics offers fascinating perspectives on the study of such new areas as pragmatization and changing politeness cultures across time. This extension of sociolinguistic methodology to the past is a breakthrough in the field of corpus linguistics. It will be of major interest not only to historical linguists but to modern sociolinguists and social historians.

Dialogic Language Use

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Dialogic Language Use by : Irma Taavitsainen

Download or read book Dialogic Language Use written by Irma Taavitsainen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: