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The Transcriptional Regulation Of Memory
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Book Synopsis The Transcriptional Regulation of Memory by : Benedict C. Albensi
Download or read book The Transcriptional Regulation of Memory written by Benedict C. Albensi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of various forms of memory involves a series of distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms, many of which are not fully understood. There are highly conserved pathways that are involved in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, which is the primary substrate for memory storage. The formation of short-term (across minutes) memory is mediated by local changes in synapses, while long-term (across hours to days) memory storage is associated with activation of transcription and synthesis of proteins that modify synaptic function. Transcription factors, which can either repress or activate transcription, play a vital role in driving protein synthesis underlying synaptic plasticity and memory, whereby protein synthesis provides the necessary building blocks to accommodate structural changes at the synapse that foster memory formation. Recent data implicate several families of transcription factors that appear critically important in the regulation of memory. In this Topic we will focus on the families of transcription factors thus far found to be critically involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. These include cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), Rel/nuclear factor B (Rel/NFB), CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and early growth response factor (Egr). In recent years, numerous studies have implicated epigenetic mechanisms, changes in gene activity and expression that occur without alteration in gene sequence, in the memory consolidation process. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are critically involved in learning and memory, supporting a role of epigenetic mechanisms. Here we provide more evidence of the importance of DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications and the role of histone acetylation and HDAC inhibitors in above mentioned processes.
Book Synopsis The Transcriptional Regulation of Memory by :
Download or read book The Transcriptional Regulation of Memory written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of various forms of memory involves a series of distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms, many of which are not fully understood. There are highly conserved pathways that are involved in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, which is the primary substrate for memory storage. The formation of short-term (across minutes) memory is mediated by local changes in synapses, while long-term (across hours to days) memory storage is associated with activation of transcription and synthesis of proteins that modify synaptic function. Transcription factors, which can either repress or activate transcription, play a vital role in driving protein synthesis underlying synaptic plasticity and memory, whereby protein synthesis provides the necessary building blocks to accommodate structural changes at the synapse that foster memory formation. Recent data implicate several families of transcription factors that appear critically important in the regulation of memory. In this Topic we will focus on the families of transcription factors thus far found to be critically involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. These include cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), Rel/nuclear factor B (Rel/NFB), CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and early growth response factor (Egr). In recent years, numerous studies have implicated epigenetic mechanisms, changes in gene activity and expression that occur without alteration in gene sequence, in the memory consolidation process. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are critically involved in learning and memory, supporting a role of epigenetic mechanisms. Here we provide more evidence of the importance of DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications and the role of histone acetylation and HDAC inhibitors in above mentioned processes.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation of Memory T Cell Differentiation by : Myoungjoo Kim
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Memory T Cell Differentiation written by Myoungjoo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory T cells protect hosts from pathogen reinfection, but how these cells emerge from a pool of antigen-experienced T cells is unclear. Here we show that mice lacking the transcription factor Foxol in activated CD8 + T cells had defective secondary, but not primary, responses to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Compared to short-lived effector T cells, memory precursor T cells expressed higher amounts of Foxo1, which promoted their generation and maintenance. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing experiments revealed the transcription factor Tcf7 and the chemokine receptor Ccr7 as Foxo1-bound target genes, which have critical functions in central memory T cell differentiation and trafficking. These findings demonstrate that Foxol is selectively incorporated into the genetic program that regulates memory CD8 + T cell responses to infection.
Book Synopsis The Regulation of Gene Expression During Memory Consolidation in the Hippocampus by : Shane Gary Poplawski
Download or read book The Regulation of Gene Expression During Memory Consolidation in the Hippocampus written by Shane Gary Poplawski and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory consolidation is the process through which short-term memories are stabilized for long-term retention. New gene expression is required for this process to occur successfully. Although gene expression is a necessary component for memory consolidation, the targets and regulation of this gene expression are not well understood. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has provided a tremendous resource to probe important questions genome-wide in ways that were previously impossible. In this dissertation, I use next-generation sequencing to investigate the transcriptional targets of learning in the hippocampus. Chapter 1 reviews the previous research on the regulation of gene expression during memory consolidation. Previous work has implicated histone acetylation as an epigenomic modification that regulates long-term memory. In Chapter 2, I use RNA-seq to investigate the gene expression changes that occur 30 minutes after contextual fear conditioning. I use recently developed analysis techniques to improve our ability to detect changes and study alternative splicing genome-wide for the first time after learning. Chapter 3 investigates whether these gene expression changes are specific to contextual fear conditioning or shared with other hippocampus-dependent learning tasks such as object-location memory. I find that the transcriptional targets are similar between training paradigms, but their temporal activation differs. In Chapter 4, we use ChIP-seq, Sono-seq and MNase-seq to determine changes in histone acetylation, chromatin accessibility and nucleosome positioning that occur in response to learning. I find only small changes in H3K9/14ac, but large changes in chromatin accessibility. This may suggest that a multitude of histone modifications act in concert to regulate chromatin accessibility during memory consolidation.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional and Chromatin Regulation in Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells by : Keiko Ozato
Download or read book Transcriptional and Chromatin Regulation in Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells written by Keiko Ozato and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-05-22 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcription depends on an ordered sequence of events, starting with (i) setting of the enhancer and chromatin environment, (ii) assembly of DNA binding and general transcription factors, (iii) initiation, elongation, processing of mRNA and termination, followed by (iv) creation of epigenetic marks and memory formation. Highlighting the importance of these activities, more than 10% total genes are dedicated to regulating transcriptional mechanisms. This area of research is highly active and new insights are continuously being added to our knowledge. Cells of the immune system have unique features of gene regulation to support diverse tasks required for innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity involves the recognition of external infectious and noxious agents as well as internal cancer cell components, and the elimination of these agents by non-specific mechanisms. Adaptive immunity involves gene rearrangement to achieve highly specific T and B cell responses, imparting the capability of self and non-self discrimination. This requires transcription and epigenetic regulation. Adaptive immunity also employs epigenetic memory, enabling recapitulation of prior transcription. Recent advances in nuclear architecture, chromatin structure, and transcriptional regulation have provided new insights into immune responses. The increased understanding of these molecular mechanisms is now affording opportunities to improve therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity by : Serena Dudek
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity written by Serena Dudek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-24 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulation of gene transcription by neuronal activity is evident in a large number of neuronal processes ranging from neural development and refinement of neuronal connections to learning and response to injury. In the field of activity-dependent gene expression, rapid progress is being made that can impact these, and many other areas of neuroscience. This book offers an up-to-date picture of the field.
Book Synopsis Novel Mechanisms of Memory by : Karl Peter Giese
Download or read book Novel Mechanisms of Memory written by Karl Peter Giese and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-09 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates discoveries from recent years to show the diversity of molecular mechanisms that contribute to memory consolidation, reconsolidation, extinction, and forgetting. It provides a special focus on the processes that govern functional and structural plasticity of dendritic spines. In nine chapters, new and important ideas related to learning and memory processes will be presented. Themes discussed include the role of AMPA receptors in memory, two signalling cascades involved in local spine remodelling and memory, the role of extracellular matrix proteins in memory, the regulation of gene expression and protein translation, and mechanisms of retrieval-induced memory modulation and forgetting. We believe that the study of these topics represents a great step toward understanding the complexity of the brain and the processes it governs.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity by : Ramendra N. Saha
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity written by Ramendra N. Saha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the regulation of gene transcription by neuronal activity that is evident in a large number of neuronal processes ranging from neural development and refinement of neuronal connections to learning and response to injury. Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity: To the Nucleus and Back, 2nd edition illustrates how signals are transmitted to the nucleus in response to neuronal activity, which genes are regulated and how this is achieved, and how these changes in gene expression alter neuronal function. The aim of this second edition is to highlight key advances in the field since the first edition. The book is divided into four sections. The first highlights how signals get to the nucleus from the membrane in response to synaptic or neuronal activity. Included are chapters on the pathways that transmit signals from synapses to nuclei. The second section focuses on epigenetic regulatory processes of activity-induced gene transcription, an area that has exploded in the past few years. The third section navigates the role of activity-induced genes in physiological processes such as learning and memory, and human developmental disorders such as those associated with the autism spectrum. The fourth section highlights groundbreaking technological advances in the field, which have allowed activity-regulated transcription to be used as a tool to study learning and memory.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Epigenetics by : Renato Paro
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes by : Michael F. Carey
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes written by Michael F. Carey and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the genome era, the analysis of gene expression has become a critical requirement in many laboratories. But there has been no comprehensive source of strategic, conceptual, and technical information to guide this often complex task. Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes answers that need. Written by two experienced investigators, Michael Carey and Stephen Smale at the UCLA School of Medicine, and based in part on the Gene Expression course taught at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, this book directly addresses all the concerns of a laboratory studying the regulation of a newly isolated gene and the biochemistry of a new transcription factor. This important and unique book is essential reading for anyone pursuing the analysis of gene expression in model systems or disease states.
Book Synopsis Gene Regulation in Memory Formation and Circadian Rhythm by :
Download or read book Gene Regulation in Memory Formation and Circadian Rhythm written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it has been clear for some time that regulation of gene expression is a key process in the development of organisms, the degree to which regulation of gene expression plays a role in the life of adults has been less clear. The general objectives of this research were to investigate the role of gene expression in circadian rhythms and in memory formation. The first stage of this research required obtaining clones of genes for proteins thought to be involved in learning and memory and circadian rhythms. We cloned the Aplysia genes for porin, protein 3, phosphoglycerate kinase, calmodulin, BiP, and HSP70. Using riboprobes made from these gene sequences, we developed sensitive techniques to measure levels of mRNA in eyes and in a cluster of a few hundred sensory neurons. Using these techniques, we discovered that the expression of most of these genes was regulated by light and/or 5-llT, treatments known to perturb the clock and to induce the formation of memory. We have now begun to study regulation of this expression in greater detail. Overall, these studies on gene regulation have further implicated some of these genes/proteins in mechanisms of the circadian system and the system by which memories are induced and maintained. A particular outstanding result was our discovery that a developmental gene, known in Drosophila as Tolloid, appeared to be involved in memory.
Book Synopsis The Involvement of Regulation of Gene Expression in the Formation of Memory by : Xianghui Huang
Download or read book The Involvement of Regulation of Gene Expression in the Formation of Memory written by Xianghui Huang and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neuroepigenomics in Aging and Disease by : Raul Delgado-Morales
Download or read book Neuroepigenomics in Aging and Disease written by Raul Delgado-Morales and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic mechanisms (DNA modifications, histone alterations and non-coding RNAs) are crucial for transcriptional regulation and alterations of the “physiological epigenome” are increasingly associated with human diseases. During the last decade the emerging field of neuroepigenomics have started to impact tremendously in areas such learning and memory, addiction or neurodegeneration. This expert volume covers the role of epigenetic molecular mechanism in regulation of central nervous system’s function, one of the most exciting areas of contemporary molecular neuroscience. The book describes the current knowledge on the epigenetic basis of human disease covering the complete lifespan: from neurodevelopment/childhood (Rett Syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi, autism), adolescence (eating disorders, drug addiction, anxiety), adulthood (depression, schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease) and elderly (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease). The book also covers the three major players on neuroepigenomic mechanisms: histones alterations, DNA modifications and non-coding RNAs, their roles at the molecular and cellular level and the impact of their alterations on neuronal function and behavior. Finally, a special chapter on state-of-the-art technologies helps the reader not only to understand epigenetic driven changes in human cognition and diseases but also the methodology that will help to generate paradigm shifts on our understanding of brain function and the role of the neuroepigenome in human diseases.
Book Synopsis שחרור מושהה של אמוקסיצילין ופסאודואפדרין הידרוכלוריד ממטריקס הידרופילי של הידרוקסיפרופיל מתילצלולוז by :
Download or read book שחרור מושהה של אמוקסיצילין ופסאודואפדרין הידרוכלוריד ממטריקס הידרופילי של הידרוקסיפרופיל מתילצלולוז written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :San Diego Larry R. Squire Professor of Psychiatry University of California Publisher :Oxford University Press, USA ISBN 13 :0198021216 Total Pages :331 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (98 download)
Book Synopsis Memory and Brain by : San Diego Larry R. Squire Professor of Psychiatry University of California
Download or read book Memory and Brain written by San Diego Larry R. Squire Professor of Psychiatry University of California and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1987-03-05 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a leading neuropsychologist, this book brings together the widely scattered psychological and neurobiological work on memory to create a definitive overview of current knowledge. Reflecting the many levels of analysis at which this work is taking place, the book proceeds from the synapse to a review of the function and structure of neural systems and the organization of cognition. Throughout, the author places current research in historical perspective, and identifies major ideas and themes that have emerged in recent years in order to provide a solid foundation for future investigations. The book is amply illustrated and contains a useful glossary. It will be of use in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on memory, and to psychologists and neuroscientists desiring an account of memory that is informed equally by cognitive and neurobiological insights.
Download or read book To Settle Or Wander written by Felix Behr and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transcription Factors in the Nervous System by : Gerald Thiel
Download or read book Transcription Factors in the Nervous System written by Gerald Thiel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book to cover neural development, neuronal survival and function on the genetic level outlines promising approaches for novel therapeutic strategies in fighting neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Focusing on transcription factors, the text is clearly divided into three sections devoted to transcriptional control of neural development, brain function and transcriptional dysregulation induced neurological diseases. With a chapter written by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, this is essential reading for neurobiologists, geneticists, biochemists, cell biologists, neurochemists and molecular biologists.
