The Thousand And One Borders Of Iran

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The Thousand and One Borders of Iran

Author : Fariba Adelkhah
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317418972
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis The Thousand and One Borders of Iran by : Fariba Adelkhah

Download or read book The Thousand and One Borders of Iran written by Fariba Adelkhah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A country marked by controversy, Iran’s social, cultural and political dynamics are too often reduced to a few misleading clichés. Islamism is widely considered to shape all social relations in Iranian society and, while Iranian society is indeed Islamic, this term’s multiple meanings in everyday life and practices go far beyond the naïve and monolithic idea we are used to. The Thousand and One Borders of Iran analyses travel as a social practice, exploring how diasporas, margins and so-called peripheries are central in the construction of a national identity and thus revealing the complexities of Iranian history and society. Written by a leading anthropologist, it draws upon fieldwork carried out in Iran and Iranian migrant communities across Dubai, Tokyo and Los Angeles from 1998 to 2015. While casting new perspectives on the place of transnational relations in an increasingly globalized world, this work also sheds new light on the evolution of Iranian society, countering the explanation furnished by nationalist ideology that has been reproduced by the Islamic Republic itself. Its unique approach to the analysis of Iranian society through the theme of travel and borders considers the links and even the quarrels between the centre of Iranian society and the periphery, and the foreign elements that have contributed to society’s development. Travel is key to these interactions and, following the travels of merchants and workers, students or the faithful, elected officials and experts, or exiles and refugees, this book offers an anthropological study of travel that re-thinks Iranian history and national identity. This book would be of interest to students and scholars of Iranian Studies, Middle Eastern Studies and Anthropology.

The Thousand and One Borders of Iran

Author : Fariba Adelkhah
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317418964
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis The Thousand and One Borders of Iran by : Fariba Adelkhah

Download or read book The Thousand and One Borders of Iran written by Fariba Adelkhah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A country marked by controversy, Iran’s social, cultural and political dynamics are too often reduced to a few misleading clichés. Islamism is widely considered to shape all social relations in Iranian society and, while Iranian society is indeed Islamic, this term’s multiple meanings in everyday life and practices go far beyond the naïve and monolithic idea we are used to. The Thousand and One Borders of Iran analyses travel as a social practice, exploring how diasporas, margins and so-called peripheries are central in the construction of a national identity and thus revealing the complexities of Iranian history and society. Written by a leading anthropologist, it draws upon fieldwork carried out in Iran and Iranian migrant communities across Dubai, Tokyo and Los Angeles from 1998 to 2015. While casting new perspectives on the place of transnational relations in an increasingly globalized world, this work also sheds new light on the evolution of Iranian society, countering the explanation furnished by nationalist ideology that has been reproduced by the Islamic Republic itself. Its unique approach to the analysis of Iranian society through the theme of travel and borders considers the links and even the quarrels between the centre of Iranian society and the periphery, and the foreign elements that have contributed to society’s development. Travel is key to these interactions and, following the travels of merchants and workers, students or the faithful, elected officials and experts, or exiles and refugees, this book offers an anthropological study of travel that re-thinks Iranian history and national identity. This book would be of interest to students and scholars of Iranian Studies, Middle Eastern Studies and Anthropology.

Iran Without Borders

Author : Hamid Dabashi
Publisher : National Geographic Books
ISBN 13 : 1784780685
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis Iran Without Borders by : Hamid Dabashi

Download or read book Iran Without Borders written by Hamid Dabashi and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of the cosmopolitan forces that made contemporary Iran “No ruling regime,” writes Hamid Dabashi, “could ever have a total claim over the idea of Iran as a nation, a people.” For decades, the narrative about Iran has been dominated by a false binary, in which the traditional ruling Islamist regime is counterposed to a modern population of educated, secular urbanites. However, Iran has for many centuries been a nation forged from a diverse mix of influences, most of them non-sectarian and cosmopolitan. In Iran Without Borders, the acclaimed cultural critic and scholar of Iranian history Hamid Dabashi traces the evolution of this worldly culture from the eighteenth century to the present day, journeying through social and intellectual movements, and the lives of writers, artists and public intellectuals who articulated the idea of Iran on a transnational public sphere. Many left their homeland—either physically or emotionally—and imagined it from places as far-flung as Istanbul, Cairo, Calcutta, Paris, or New York, but together they forged a nation as worldly as it is multifarious.

Iranian Hospitality, Afghan Marginality

Author : Elisabeth Yarbakhsh
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1793624755
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Iranian Hospitality, Afghan Marginality by : Elisabeth Yarbakhsh

Download or read book Iranian Hospitality, Afghan Marginality written by Elisabeth Yarbakhsh and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Iranian Hospitality, Afghan Marginality, Elisabeth Yarbakhsh unpacks ideas around culture, identity, and the relationship between Iranian citizens and Afghan refugees living in Shiraz, Iran, and surrounding areas. Yarbakhsh highlights the ways in which shifting policies and practices toward refugees over the past forty years have run parallel to the transitive notions of what it means to be Iranian. Yarbakhsh exposes the complex interplay of identity and hospitality as it emerges out of variously competing and intersecting Islamic, historical, and literary narratives of Iranian identity, carefully illustrating how these factors circumscribe Afghan refugee life in the city of Shiraz.

Boundary Politics and International Boundaries of Iran

Author : Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1581129335
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (811 download)

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Book Synopsis Boundary Politics and International Boundaries of Iran by : Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh

Download or read book Boundary Politics and International Boundaries of Iran written by Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about Iranian boundaries at a time when crisis of various nature are occurring around Iran, especially in Iraq and Afghanistan, with immediate effect on the Iranian borderlands and substantial effect of Iran's relations with her neighbours. Furthermore, issues like the legal regime of the Caspian Sea and the UAE claims on the Iranian-owned and Iranian-held islands of Tunbs and Abu Musa in the Persian Gulf create a situation in Iran's neighbourhood, which influence her foreign relations and engage the country in matters of international importance. Occurrence of all these issues on and around the boundaries of Iran and a thorough study of the unexplored foundation and evolution of these issues within the framework of the study of the Iranian boundaries make this book timely, special, original, and important.

Emerging Scholarship on the Middle East and Central Asia

Author : Katlyn Quenzer
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498558437
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Scholarship on the Middle East and Central Asia by : Katlyn Quenzer

Download or read book Emerging Scholarship on the Middle East and Central Asia written by Katlyn Quenzer and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-09-15 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Scholarship on the Middle East and Central Asia: Moving from the Periphery provides fresh analysis and cutting-edge critique of phenomena and events across the region. Working out of diverse disciplinary traditions, the authors call on varied theoretical frameworks in order to challenge entrenched stereotypes and long-standing perspectives. This volume explores emerging directions in scholarship across a range of issues, including: the Gulf; Saudi strategizing; Afghan refugees in the Islamic Republic of Iran; contemporary Turkish politics; the current Syrian conflict; Middle Eastern and Central Asian art; perceptions of security threats from Afghanistan; and the potential future role of China in the region. The authors in this volume have given wide-berth to dominant approaches to scholarship on the region, while grappling with overlooked issues and marginal populations in order to advance new frameworks. On the Periphery deserves a central place in future scholarly engagement with the Middle East and Central Asia.

The Politics of Race and Racialisation in the Middle East

Author : Burcu Ozcelik
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000594033
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Race and Racialisation in the Middle East by : Burcu Ozcelik

Download or read book The Politics of Race and Racialisation in the Middle East written by Burcu Ozcelik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-06-08 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the extent to which race and racialisation offer us an explanatory framework to study the contemporary politics of identity in the Middle East today. Most studies of the Middle East commonly presume that the race signifier is reserved for the juxtaposition of 'Black' and 'White' identity to which the Arab, Persian and Turkish world counts itself as exterior. Up until now, few works on the Middle East have discussed race as central to their analysis. This book works to remedy this shortcoming by extending the critical scholarship on race and racial subordination to the region's states and societies. Crucially, how does race interact with and confront other categories of identity, such as gender, religion, sect and nationality? What can a consideration of racialisation reveal about structures of oppression in the Middle East and evolving forms of belonging and dispossession? Adopting race as the focus of enquiry allows us to unpack what we are really talking about when we talk about difference in the region: the reproduction and resilience of power and the insidious, harmful mutations of identity-based discrimination in unequal societies. The Politics of Race and Racialisation in the Middle East is a significant new contribution to racial and ethnic studies, and will be a great resource for academics, researchers, and advanced students of sociology, politics, history, social anthropology, political and cultural geography. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Ethnic and Racial Studies.

Iran in Motion

Author : Mikiya Koyagi
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503627675
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Iran in Motion by : Mikiya Koyagi

Download or read book Iran in Motion written by Mikiya Koyagi and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completed in 1938, the Trans-Iranian Railway connected Tehran to Iran's two major bodies of water: the Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf in the south. Iran's first national railway, it produced and disrupted various kinds of movement—voluntary and forced, intended and unintended, on different scales and in different directions—among Iranian diplomats, tribesmen, migrant laborers, technocrats, railway workers, tourists and pilgrims, as well as European imperial officials alike. Iran in Motion tells the hitherto unexplored stories of these individuals as they experienced new levels of mobility. Drawing on newspapers, industry publications, travelogues, and memoirs, as well as American, British, Danish, and Iranian archival materials, Mikiya Koyagi traces contested imaginations and practices of mobility from the conception of a trans-Iranian railway project during the nineteenth-century global transport revolution to its early years of operation on the eve of Iran's oil nationalization movement in the 1950s. Weaving together various individual experiences, this book considers how the infrastructural megaproject reoriented the flows of people and goods. In so doing, the railway project simultaneously brought the provinces closer to Tehran and pulled them away from it, thereby constantly reshaping local, national, and transnational experiences of space among mobile individuals.

Iran and Russian Imperialism

Author : Moritz Deutschmann
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317385314
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Iran and Russian Imperialism by : Moritz Deutschmann

Download or read book Iran and Russian Imperialism written by Moritz Deutschmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rather than a centralized state, Iran in the nineteenth century was a delicate balance between tribal groups, urban merchant communities, religious elites, and an autocratic monarchy. While Russia gained an increasingly dominant political role in Iran over the course of this century, Russian influence was often challenged by banditry on the roads, riots in the cities, and the seeming arbitrariness of the Shah. Iran and Russian Imperialism develops a comprehensive picture of Russia’s historical entanglements with one of its most important neighbours in Asia. It recounts how the Russian Empire strived to gain political influence at the Persian court, promote Russian trade, and secure the enormous southern borders of the empire. Using hitherto often neglected documents from archives in Russia and Georgia and reading them against the grain, this book reveals the complex reactions of different groups in Iranian society to Russian imperialism. As it turns out, the Iranians were, in the words of the Russian orientalist Konstantin Smirnov, "ideal anarchists," whose resistance to imperial domination, as well as to centralized state institutions more generally, impacted developments in the region in the century to come. Iran’s troubled relationship with the wider world continues to be a topic of considerable interest to historians, yet little focus has been given to Russia’s historical connections to Iran. This book thus represents a valuable contribution to Iranian and Russian History, as well as International Relations.

Iranian Culture

Author : Nasrin Rahimieh
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317429354
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Iranian Culture by : Nasrin Rahimieh

Download or read book Iranian Culture written by Nasrin Rahimieh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout modern Iranian history, culture has served as a means of imposing unity and cohesion onto society. The Pahlavi monarchs used it to project an image of Iran as an ancient civilisation, re-emerging as an equal to Western nations, while the revolutionaries deployed it to remake the country into an Islamic nation. Just as Iranian culture has been continually re-interpreted, the representations and avocations of Iranian identity vary amongst Iranians across the world. Iranian Culture: Representation and Identity demonstrates these fissures and the incompatibilities that refuse to be written out of national culture, analysing works of literature, popular music, graphic art and film, as well as oral narratives. Using works produced before and after the 1979 revolution, created both inside and outside of Iran, this study reveals neglected complexities and contradictions in the field of Iranian cultural production. It considers how contested claims to culture, whether they originated in Iran or the Iranian diaspora, shape our understanding of this culture and what spaces they create for new articulations of it, and in doing so offers an important re-examination of our collective concept of culture. This book would be an excellent resource for students and scholars of Middle East Studies and Iranian Studies, specifically Iranian culture including film and contemporary literature and the Iranian diaspora.

Gender and Dance in Modern Iran

Author : Ida Meftahi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317620623
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and Dance in Modern Iran by : Ida Meftahi

Download or read book Gender and Dance in Modern Iran written by Ida Meftahi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender and Dance in Modern Iran: Biopolitics on Stage investigates the ways dancing bodies have been providing evidence for competing representations of modernity, urbanism, and religiosity across the twentieth century. Focusing on the transformation of the staged dancing body, its space of performance, and spectatorial cultural ideology, this book traces the dancing body in multiple milieus of performance, including the Pahlavi era’s national artistic scene and the popular café and cabaret stages, as well as the commercial cinematic screen and the post-revolutionary Islamized theatrical stage. It links the socio-political discourses on performance with the staged public dancer, in order to interrogate the formation of dominant categories of "modern," "high," and "artistic," and the subsequent "othering" of cultural realms that were discursively peripheralized from the "national" stage. Through the study of archival and ethnographic research as well as a diverse literature pertaining to music, theater, cinema, and popular culture, it combines a close reading of primary sources such as official documents, press materials, and program notes with visual analysis of filmic materials and imageries, as well as interviews with practitioners. It offers an original and informed exploration into the ways performing bodies and their public have been associated with binary notions of vice and virtue, morality and immorality, commitment and degeneration, chastity and eroticism, and veiled-ness and nakedness. Engaging with a range of methodological and historiographical methods, including postcolonial, performance, and feminist studies, this book is a valuable resource for students and scholars of Middle East history and Iranian studies, as well as gender studies and dance and performance studies.

Iranian Music and Popular Entertainment

Author : GJ Breyley
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317336801
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Iranian Music and Popular Entertainment by : GJ Breyley

Download or read book Iranian Music and Popular Entertainment written by GJ Breyley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The word motreb finds its roots in the Arabic verb taraba, meaning ‘to make happy.’ Originally denoting all musicians in Iran, motrebi came to be associated, pejoratively, with the cheerful vulgarity of the lowbrow entertainer. In Iranian Music and Popular Entertainment, GJ Breyley and Sasan Fatemi examine the historically overlooked motrebi milieu, with its marginalized characters, from luti to gardan koloft and mashti, as well as the tenacity of motreb who continued their careers against all odds. They then turn to losanjelesi, the most pervasive form of Iranian popular music that developed as motrebi declined, and related musical forms in Iran and its diasporic popular cultural centre, Los Angeles. For the first time in English, the book makes available musical transcriptions, analysis and lyrics that illustrate the complexities of this history. As it presents the findings of the authors’ years of ethnographic work with the history’s protagonists, from senior motreb to pop-rock stars, the book reveals parallels between the decline of motrebi and the rise of ‘modernity.’ In the twentieth century, the fate of Tehran’s motrebi music was shaped by the social and urban polarization that ensued from the modern market economy, and losanjelesi would be similarly affected by transnational relations, revolution, war and migration. Through its detailed and informed examination of Iranian popular music, this study reveals much about the values and anxieties of Iranian society, and is a valuable resource for students and scholars of Iranian society and history.

Internal Diversity

Author : Sonja Moghaddari
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030277909
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Internal Diversity by : Sonja Moghaddari

Download or read book Internal Diversity written by Sonja Moghaddari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the interrelation between diversity in migrants’ internal relations and their experience of inequality in local and global contexts. Taking the case of Hamburg-based Iranians, it traces evaluation processes in ties between professionals – artists and entrepreneurs – since the 1930s, examining migrants’ potential to act upon hierarchical structures. Building on long-term ethnographic fieldwork and archival work, the book centers on differentiation, combining a diversity study with a focus on locality, with a transnational migration study, analysing strategies of capital creation and anthropological value theory. The analysis of migrants’ agency tackles questions of independence and cooperation in kinship, associations, transnational entrepreneurship and cultural events within the context of the position of Germany and Iran in the global politico-economic landscape. This material will be of interest to scholars and students of anthropology, sociology, migration, urbanism and Iranian studies, as well as Iranian-Germans and those interested in the entanglement of global and local power relations.

Frontier Fictions

Author : Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400865077
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontier Fictions by : Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet

Download or read book Frontier Fictions written by Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Frontier Fictions, Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet looks at the efforts of Iranians to defend, if not expand, their borders in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and explores how their conceptions of national geography influenced cultural and political change. The "frontier fictions," or the ways in which the Iranians viewed their often fluctuating borders and the conflicts surrounding them, played a dominant role in defining the nation. On these borderlands, new ideas of citizenship and nationality were unleashed, refining older ideas of ethnicity. Kashani-Sabet maintains that land-based conceptions of countries existed before the advent of the modern nation-state. Her focus on geography enables her to explore and document fully a wide range of aspects of modern citizenship in Iran, including love of homeland, the hegemony of the Persian language, and widespread interest in archaeology, travel, and map-making. While many historians have focused on the concept of the "imagined community" in their explanations of the rise of nationalism, Kashani-Sabet is able to complement this perspective with a very tangible explanation of what connects people to a specific place. Her approach is intended to enrich our understanding not only of Iranian nationalism, but also of nationalism everywhere.

The Sacred Republic

Author : Mehran Kamrava
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019774771X
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (977 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sacred Republic by : Mehran Kamrava

Download or read book The Sacred Republic written by Mehran Kamrava and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-15 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, detailed analysis of the establishment, evolution and current significance of different institutions in today's Islamic Republic of Iran. The volume draws on the insights of a number of Iran experts to examine their establishment, functions and evolution, as a means of understanding Iranian politics and society. The Sacred Republic's specific focus is on the key formal institutions of the state through which the Islamic Republic exercises power, namely the velayat-e faqih: the judiciary, the presidency, the parliament, elections, the Revolutionary Guards, and the foreign policy establishment. Despite significant work on Iranian politics in recent decades, few studies have focused on state institutions, their resilience, or the reasons for and manner of institutional change. Through historical institutionalism and comparative historical analysis, the contributors to this book together fill a glaring gap in the study of Iran's political institutions, offering significant insights for the theoretical literature on comparative politics, Middle Eastern politics, and Iranian Studies.

Righteous Politics

Author : Mehran Kamrava
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009362038
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Righteous Politics by : Mehran Kamrava

Download or read book Righteous Politics written by Mehran Kamrava and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Drawing on extensive fieldwork and rare primary sources, Mehran Kamrava provides a comprehensive, accessible analysis of the formal and informal institutions through which the Iranian state exercises power. Highlighting the nuances of Iranian politics, Kamrava shows how factional politics and rentierism serve to enhance state resilience"--

The Historiography of Persian Architecture

Author : Mohammad Gharipour
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131742722X
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis The Historiography of Persian Architecture by : Mohammad Gharipour

Download or read book The Historiography of Persian Architecture written by Mohammad Gharipour and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historiography is the study of the methodology of writing history, the development of the discipline of history, and the changing interpretations of historical events in the works of individual historians. Exploring the historiography of Persian art and architecture requires a closer look at a diverse range of sources, including chronicles, historical accounts, travelogues, and material evidence coming from archaeological excavations. The Historiography of Persian Architecture highlights the political, cultural, and intellectual contexts that lie behind the written history of Persian architecture in the twentieth century, presenting a series of investigations on issues related to historiography. This book addresses the challenges, complexities, and contradictions regarding historical and geographical diversity of Persian architecture, including issues lacking in the 20th century historiography of Iran and neighbouring countries. This book not only illustrates different trends in Persian architecture but also clarifies changing notions of research in this field. Aiming to introduce new tools of analysis, the book offers fresh insights into the discipline, supported by historical documents, archaeological data, treatises, and visual materials. It brings together well-established and emerging scholars from a broad range of academic spheres, in order to question and challenge pre-existing historiographical frameworks, particularly through specific case studies. Overall, it provides a valuable contribution to the study of Persian architecture, simultaneously revisiting past literature and advancing new approaches. This book would be of interest to students and scholars of Middle East and Iranian Studies, as well as Architectural History, including Islamic architecture and historiography.