The State And Social Revolution In Iran

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States and Social Revolutions

Author : Theda Skocpol
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316453944
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (164 download)

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Book Synopsis States and Social Revolutions by : Theda Skocpol

Download or read book States and Social Revolutions written by Theda Skocpol and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State structures, international forces, and class relations: Theda Skocpol shows how all three combine to explain the origins and accomplishments of social-revolutionary transformations. Social revolutions have been rare but undeniably of enormous importance in modern world history. States and Social Revolutions provides a new frame of reference for analyzing the causes, the conflicts, and the outcomes of such revolutions. It develops a rigorous, comparative historical analysis of three major cases: the French Revolution of 1787 through the early 1800s, the Russian Revolution of 1917 through the 1930s, and the Chinese Revolution of 1911 through the 1960s. Believing that existing theories of revolution, both Marxist and non-Marxist, are inadequate to explain the actual historical patterns of revolutions, Skocpol urges us to adopt fresh perspectives. Above all, she maintains that states conceived as administrative and coercive organizations potentially autonomous from class controls and interests must be made central to explanations of revolutions.

States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions

Author : Misagh Parsa
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521774307
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (743 download)

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Book Synopsis States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions by : Misagh Parsa

Download or read book States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions written by Misagh Parsa and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the causes and processes of revolution, drawing on the stories of Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippines.

Social Origins of the Iranian Revolution

Author : Misagh Parsa
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780813514123
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Origins of the Iranian Revolution by : Misagh Parsa

Download or read book Social Origins of the Iranian Revolution written by Misagh Parsa and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Misagh Parsa develops a structural theory of the causes and outcomes of revolution, applying the theory in particular to Iran. He focuses on the ends and means of various groups of Iranians before, during, and after the revolution. For Parsa, revolution is not a direct result of ideologies, which may be less important than structural factors such as the nature of the state and the economy, as well as each group's interests, capacity for mobilization, autonomy, and solidarity structures. Existing theories of revolution explain earlier revolutions better than the Iranian revolution. In Iran most of the protest was in urban areas, the peasants never played a major role, and power was transferred to the clergy, not to an intelligentsia. In the 1970s, oil revenues increased, the economy developed rapidly but unevenly, and the state's expanded intervention undermined market forces and politicized capital accumulation. Systematic repression of workers, aid to the upper class, and attacks on secular and religious opposition showed that the state was serving the interests of particular groups. When the state tried to check high inflation by imposing price controls on bazaaris (merchants, shopkeepers, artisans), their protests forced the state to introduce reforms, providing an opportunity for industrial workers, white-collar workers, intellectuals, and the clergy to mobilize against the state. Thus, structural features rendered the state vulnerable to challenge and attack. Parsa's thorough explanation of the collective actions of each major group in Iran in the three decades prior to the revolution shows how a coalition of classes and groups, using mosques as safe gathering places and led by a segment of the clergy, brought down the monarch of 1979. In the years since the revolution, the conflicts that existed before the revolution seem to be reemerging, in slightly altered form. The clergy now has control, and the state has become centrally and powerfully involved in the economy of the country.

The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran

Author : Charles Kurzman
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674039834
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran by : Charles Kurzman

Download or read book The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran written by Charles Kurzman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, would remain on the throne for the foreseeable future: This was the firm conclusion of a top-secret CIA analysis issued in October 1978. One hundred days later the shah--despite his massive military, fearsome security police, and superpower support was overthrown by a popular and largely peaceful revolution. But the CIA was not alone in its myopia, as Charles Kurzman reveals in this penetrating work; Iranians themselves, except for a tiny minority, considered a revolution inconceivable until it actually occurred. Revisiting the circumstances surrounding the fall of the shah, Kurzman offers rare insight into the nature and evolution of the Iranian revolution and into the ultimate unpredictability of protest movements in general. As one Iranian recalls, The future was up in the air. Through interviews and eyewitness accounts, declassified security documents and underground pamphlets, Kurzman documents the overwhelming sense of confusion that gripped pre-revolutionary Iran, and that characterizes major protest movements. His book provides a striking picture of the chaotic conditions under which Iranians acted, participating in protest only when they expected others to do so too, the process approaching critical mass in unforeseen and unforeseeable ways. Only when large numbers of Iranians began to think the unthinkable, in the words of the U.S. ambassador, did revolutionary expectations become a self-fulfilling prophecy. A corrective to 20-20 hindsight, this book reveals shortcomings of analyses that make the Iranian revolution or any major protest movement seem inevitable in retrospect.

The Iranian Revolution at Forty

Author : Suzanne Maloney
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815737947
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis The Iranian Revolution at Forty by : Suzanne Maloney

Download or read book The Iranian Revolution at Forty written by Suzanne Maloney and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Iran—and the world around it—have changed in the four decades since a revolutionary theocracy took power Iran's 1979 revolution is one of the most important events of the late twentieth century. The overthrow of the Western-leaning Shah and the emergence of a unique religious government reshaped Iran, dramatically shifted the balance of power in the Middle East and generated serious challenges to the global geopolitical order—challenges that continue to this day. The seizure of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran later that same year and the ensuing hostage crisis resulted in an acrimonious breach between America and Iran that remains unresolved to this day. The revolution also precipitated a calamitous war between Iran and Iraq and an expansion of the U.S. military's role in maintaining security in and around the Persian Gulf. Forty years after the revolution, more than two dozen experts look back on the rise of the Islamic Republic and explore what the startling events of 1979 continue to mean for the volatile Middle East as well as the rest of the world. The authors explore the events of the revolution itself; whether its promises have been kept or broken; the impact of clerical rule on ordinary Iranians, especially women; the continuing antagonism with the United States; and the repercussions not only for Iran's immediate neighborhood but also for the broader Middle East. Complete with a helpful timeline and suggestions for further reading, this book helps put the Iranian revolution in historical and geopolitical perspective, both for experts who have long studied the Middle East and for curious readers interested in fallout from the intense turmoil of four decades ago.

Islam and the Post-Revolutionary State in Iran

Author : Homa Omid
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349232467
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (492 download)

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Book Synopsis Islam and the Post-Revolutionary State in Iran by : Homa Omid

Download or read book Islam and the Post-Revolutionary State in Iran written by Homa Omid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: '...her short analysis of the Iranian armed forces in the 1980s is first-rate, so too is her much more substantial section on women and the state in Iran...As well as offering useful insights into the workings of the Islamic state in Iran, this readable book also provides a warning of the struggles ahead in many other Muslim societies.' - Anoushiravan Ehteshami, Times Higher Education Supplement ;Islam has been the driving force shaping the ideology and the power base of the Iranian revolution. This volume engages critically with the Islamic perspective and promises offered by the revolution. Looking at the rise of the religious institution as a revolutionary force, the author observes their post-revolutionary policies in the domains of politics, economics, education, the armed forces and women's status. In the event, the volume demonstrates that the Iranian government has failed to deliver on most, if not all, of its Islamic pledges.

Reconstructed Lives

Author : Haleh Esfandiari
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801856198
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (561 download)

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Book Synopsis Reconstructed Lives by : Haleh Esfandiari

Download or read book Reconstructed Lives written by Haleh Esfandiari and published by Woodrow Wilson Center Press. This book was released on 1997-07 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iranian women tell in their own words what the revolution attempted and how they responded. The Islamic revolution of 1979 transformed all areas of Iranian life. For women, the consequences were extensive and profound, as the state set out to reverse legal and social rights women had won and to dictate many aspects of women's lives, including what they could study and how they must dress and relate to men. Reconstructed Lives presents Iranian women telling in their own words what the revolution attempted and how they responded. Through a series of interviews with professional and working women in Iran—doctors, lawyers, writers, professors, secretaries, businesswomen—Haleh Esfandiari gathers dramatic accounts of what has happened to their lives as women in an Islamic society. She and her informants describe the strategies by which women try to and sometimes succeed in subverting the state's agenda. Esfandiari also provides historical background on the women's movement in Iran. She finds evidence in Iran's experience that even women from "traditional" and working classes do not easily surrender rights or access they have gained to education, career opportunities, and a public role.

The State and Revolution in Iran (RLE Iran D)

Author : Hossein Bashiriyeh
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1136820892
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis The State and Revolution in Iran (RLE Iran D) by : Hossein Bashiriyeh

Download or read book The State and Revolution in Iran (RLE Iran D) written by Hossein Bashiriyeh and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the distant and proximate causes of the 1978 revolution in Iran as well as the dynamics of power which it set in motion. The volume explains the complex and far-reaching processes which produced the revolution, beginning in the late nineteenth century. In explaining the more proximate causes of the revolution, the book analyses the nature of the old regime and its internal contradictions; the emergence of some fundamental conflicts of interest between the state and the upper class; the economic crisis of 1975-8 which made possible a revolutionary mass immobilisation; and the emergence of a new religious interpretation of political authority and the unusual spread of the ideology of political Islam among a segment of the modern intelligentsia. The volume relates the diverse aspects of class, ideology and economic structure in order to provide an understanding of the political processes.

Postrevolutionary Iran

Author : Mehrzad Boroujerdi
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815635741
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Postrevolutionary Iran by : Mehrzad Boroujerdi

Download or read book Postrevolutionary Iran written by Mehrzad Boroujerdi and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1979 revolution fundamentally altered Iran’s political landscape as a generation of inexperienced clerics who did not hail from the ranks of the upper class—and were not tainted by association with the old regime—came to power. The actions and intentions of these truculent new leaders and their lay allies caused major international concern. Meanwhile, Iran’s domestic and foreign policy and its nuclear program have loomed large in daily news coverage. Despite global consternation, however, our knowledge about Iran’s political elite remains skeletal. Nearly four decades after the clergy became the state elite par excellence, there has been no empirical study of the recruitment, composition, and circulation of the Iranian ruling members after 1979. Postrevolutionary Iran: A Political Handbook provides the most comprehensive collection of data on political life in postrevolutionary Iran, including coverage of 36 national elections, more than 400 legal and outlawed political organizations, and family ties among the elite. It provides biographical sketches of more than 2,300 political personalities ranging from cabinet ministers and parliament deputies to clerical, judicial, and military leaders, much of this information previously unavailable in English. Providing a cartography of the complex structure of power in postrevolutionary Iran, this volume offers a window not only into the immediate years before and after the Iranian Revolution but also into what has happened during the last four turbulent decades. This volume and the data it contains will be invaluable to policymakers, researchers, and scholars of the Middle East alike.

Days of Revolution

Author : Mary Elaine Hegland
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804788855
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Days of Revolution by : Mary Elaine Hegland

Download or read book Days of Revolution written by Mary Elaine Hegland and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outside of Shiraz in the Fars Province of southwestern Iran lies "Aliabad." Mary Hegland arrived in this then-small agricultural village of several thousand people in the summer of 1978, unaware of the momentous changes that would sweep this town and this country in the months ahead. She became the only American researcher to witness the Islamic Revolution firsthand over her eighteen-month stay. Days of Revolution offers an insider's view of how regular people were drawn into, experienced, and influenced the 1979 Revolution and its aftermath. Conventional wisdom assumes Shi'a religious ideology fueled the revolutionary movement. But Hegland counters that the Revolution spread through much more pragmatic concerns: growing inequality, lack of development and employment opportunities, government corruption. Local expectations of leaders and the political process—expectations developed from their experience with traditional kinship-based factions—guided local villagers' attitudes and decision-making, and they often adopted the religious justifications for Revolution only after joining the uprising. Sharing stories of conflict and revolution alongside in-depth interviews, the book sheds new light on this critical historical moment. Returning to Aliabad decades later, Days of Revolution closes with a view of the village and revolution thirty years on. Over the course of several visits between 2003 and 2008, Mary Hegland investigates the lasting effects of the Revolution on the local political factions and in individual lives. As Iran remains front-page news, this intimate look at the country's recent history and its people has never been more timely or critical for understanding the critical interplay of local and global politics in Iran.

Democracy in Iran

Author : Ali Gheissari
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195396960
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracy in Iran by : Ali Gheissari

Download or read book Democracy in Iran written by Ali Gheissari and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Ali Gheissari and Vali Nasr look at the political history of Iran in the modern era, and offer an in-depth analysis of the prospects for democracy to flourish there. After having produced the only successful Islamist challenge to the state, a revolution, and an Islamic Republic, Iran is now poised to produce a genuine and indigenous democratic movement in the Muslim world. Democracy in Iran is neither a sudden development nor a western import, and Gheissari and Nasr seek to understand why democracy failed to grow roots and lost ground to an autocratic Iranian state.

Revolutionary Iran

Author : Michael Axworthy
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199322260
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Revolutionary Iran by : Michael Axworthy

Download or read book Revolutionary Iran written by Michael Axworthy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Revolutionary Iran, Michael Axworthy offers a richly textured and authoritative history of Iran from the 1979 revolution to the present.

Democracy in Iran

Author : Misagh Parsa
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674974298
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracy in Iran by : Misagh Parsa

Download or read book Democracy in Iran written by Misagh Parsa and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Green Movement protests that erupted in Iran in 2009 amid allegations of election fraud shook the Islamic Republic to its core. For the first time in decades, the adoption of serious liberal reforms seemed possible. But the opportunity proved short-lived, leaving Iranian activists and intellectuals to debate whether any path to democracy remained open. Offering a new framework for understanding democratization in developing countries governed by authoritarian regimes, Democracy in Iran is a penetrating, historically informed analysis of Iran’s current and future prospects for reform. Beginning with the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Misagh Parsa traces the evolution of Iran’s theocratic regime, examining the challenges the Islamic Republic has overcome as well as those that remain: inequalities in wealth and income, corruption and cronyism, and a “brain drain” of highly educated professionals eager to escape Iran’s repressive confines. The political fortunes of Iranian reformers seeking to address these problems have been uneven over a period that has seen hopes raised during a reformist administration, setbacks under Ahmadinejad, and the birth of the Green Movement. Although pro-democracy activists have made progress by fits and starts, they have few tangible reforms to show for their efforts. In Parsa’s view, the outlook for Iranian democracy is stark. Gradual institutional reforms will not be sufficient for real change, nor can the government be reformed without fundamentally rethinking its commitment to the role of religion in politics and civic life. For Iran to democratize, the options are narrowing to a single path: another revolution.

Social Revolutions in the Modern World

Author : Theda Skocpol
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521409384
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Revolutions in the Modern World by : Theda Skocpol

Download or read book Social Revolutions in the Modern World written by Theda Skocpol and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-09-30 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theda Skocpol, author of the award-winning 1979 book States and Social Revolutions, updates her arguments about social revolutions.

Ghosts of Revolution

Author : Shahla Talebi
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804775818
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Ghosts of Revolution by : Shahla Talebi

Download or read book Ghosts of Revolution written by Shahla Talebi and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-14 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Opening the enormous metal gate, the guard suddenly took away my blindfold and asked me, tauntingly, if I would recognize my parents. With my eyes hurting from the strange light and anger in my voice, I assured him that I would. Suddenly I was pushed through the gate and the door was slammed behind me. After more than eight years, here I was, finally, out of jail . . . ." In this haunting account, Shahla Talebi remembers her years as a political prisoner in Iran. Talebi, along with her husband, was imprisoned for nearly a decade and tortured, first under the Shah and later by the Islamic Republic. Writing about her own suffering and survival and sharing the stories of her fellow inmates, she details the painful reality of prison life and offers an intimate look at a critical period of social and political transformation in Iran. Somehow through it all—through resistance and resolute hope, passion and creativity—Talebi shows how one survives. Reflecting now on experiences past, she stays true to her memories, honoring the love of her husband and friends lost in these events, to relate how people can hold to moments of love, resilience, and friendship over the dark forces of torture, violence, and hatred. At once deeply personal yet clearly political, part memoir and part meditation, this work brings to heartbreaking clarity how deeply rooted torture and violence can be in our society. More than a passing judgment of guilt on a monolithic "Islamic State," Talebi's writing asks us to reconsider our own responses to both contemporary debates of interrogation techniques and government responsibility and, more simply, to basic acts of cruelty in daily life. She offers a lasting call to us all. "The art of living in prison becomes possible through imagining life in the very presence of death and observing death in the very existence of life. It is living life so vitally and so fully that you are willing, if necessary, to let that very life go, as one would shed chains on the legs. It is embracing, and flying on the wings of death as though it is the bird of freedom."

Social Media in Iran

Author : David M. Faris
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438458843
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Media in Iran by : David M. Faris

Download or read book Social Media in Iran written by David M. Faris and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Media in Iran is the first book to tell the complex story of how and why the Iranian people—including women, homosexuals, dissidents, artists, and even state actors—use social media technology, and in doing so create a contentious environment wherein new identities and realities are constructed. Drawing together emerging and established scholars in communication, culture, and media studies, this volume considers the role of social media in Iranian society, particularly the time during and after the controversial 2009 presidential election, a watershed moment in the postrevolutionary history of Iran. While regional specialists may find studies on specific themes useful, the aim of this volume is to provide broad narratives of actor-based conceptions of media technology, an approach that focuses on the experiential and social networking processes of digital practices in the information era extended beyond cultural specificities. Students and scholars of regional and media studies will find this volume rich with empirical and theoretical insights on the subject of how technologies shape political and everyday life.

Social Movements in Twentieth-century Iran

Author : Stephen C. Poulson
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 9780739117576
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Movements in Twentieth-century Iran by : Stephen C. Poulson

Download or read book Social Movements in Twentieth-century Iran written by Stephen C. Poulson and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stephen C. Poulson investigates cycles of social protest in Iran from 1890 to the present era. This work covers the following social movements: the 1890-92 Tobacco Movement; the 1906-09 Constitutional Revolution; two post-World War II movements, the Tudeh (Masses) and the National Front; the 1963 Qom Protest; and the 1978-79 Iranian Revolution. Poulson shows how various Iranian political actors have framed their dissent, drawing on both regional and Western-influenced modes of protest to achieve their ends.