The Social Regulation Of Competition And Aggression In Animals

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The Social Regulation of Competition and Aggression in Animals

Author : M. Moynihan
Publisher : Smithsonian Books (DC)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Regulation of Competition and Aggression in Animals by : M. Moynihan

Download or read book The Social Regulation of Competition and Aggression in Animals written by M. Moynihan and published by Smithsonian Books (DC). This book was released on 1998 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An acute observer of animal behavior, Martin H. Moynihan uses a wide array of comparative studies to detail the diversity, mechanics, and evolutionary origins of the means by which animals keep their aggression in check. He follows birds, primates, and cephalopods in their natural settings, analyzing not only such simple behaviors as habituation and retreat but also more intricate interactions such as redirection attacks, excluding other animals from opportunities, leaving scent marks, and engaging in dominance relationships. Moynihan demonstrates that signaling is fundamental to the evolution of strategies for regulating aggression, and he describes how divergent social signals can accomplish similar ends as well as the reverse - how homologous signals can play different roles depending on the particular circumstances of each social confrontation. He also explores the ecological factors that lie behind the geographical distribution of some signalling patterns.

Animal Communication Networks

Author : P. K. McGregor
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781139443678
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (436 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal Communication Networks by : P. K. McGregor

Download or read book Animal Communication Networks written by P. K. McGregor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most animal communication has evolved and now takes place in the context of a communication network, i.e. several signallers and receivers within communication range of each other. This idea follows naturally from the observation that many signals travel further than the average spacing between animals. This is self evidently true for long-range signals, but at a high density the same is true for short-range signals (e.g. begging calls of nestling birds). This book provides a current summary of research on communication networks and appraises future prospects. It combines information from studies of several taxonomic groups (insects to people via fiddler crabs, fish, frogs, birds and mammals) and several signalling modalities (visual, acoustic and chemical signals). It also specifically addresses the many areas of interface between communication networks and other disciplines (from the evolution of human charitable behaviour to the psychophysics of signal perception, via social behaviour, physiology and mathematical models).

Duels and Duets

Author : John L. Locke
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139498746
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Duels and Duets by : John L. Locke

Download or read book Duels and Duets written by John L. Locke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-25 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do men and women talk so differently? And how do these differences interfere with communication between the sexes? In search of an answer to these and other questions, John Locke takes the reader on a fascinating journey, from human evolution through ancient history to the present, revealing why men speak as they do when attempting to impress or seduce women, and why women adopt a very different way of talking when bonding with each other, or discussing rivals. When men talk to men, Locke argues, they frequently engage in a type of 'dueling', locking verbal horns with their rivals in a way that enables them to compete for the things they need, mainly status and sex. By contrast, much of women's talk sounds more like a verbal 'duet', a harmonious way of achieving their goals by sharing intimate thoughts and feelings in private.

The Roots of Morality

Author : Maxine Sheets-Johnstone
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 027103601X
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Morality by : Maxine Sheets-Johnstone

Download or read book The Roots of Morality written by Maxine Sheets-Johnstone and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2008-12-12 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues the case for a foundationalist ethics centrally based on an empirical understanding of human nature. For Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, “an ethics formulated on the foundations of anything other than human nature, hence on anything other than an identification of pan-cultural human realities, lacks solid empirical moorings. It easily loses itself in isolated hypotheticals, reductionist scenarios, or theoretical abstractions—in the prisoner’s dilemma, selfish genes, dedicated brain modules, evolutionary altruism, or psychological egoism, for example—or it easily becomes itself an ethical system over and above the ethics it formulates,” such as the deontological ethics of Kantian categorical imperatives, the utilitarianism of Bentham and Mill, or the ethics of care. Taking her cue from Hume, especially his Treatise on Human Nature, where he grounds “the moral sense” in human nature seen as always in tension between the natural tendencies of selfish acquisitiveness and sympathy for others, Sheets-Johnstone pursues her phenomenological investigation of the natural basis of human morality by directing her attention, first in Part I, to what is traditionally considered the dark side of human nature, and then, in Part II, to the positive side. The tension between the two calls for an interdisciplinary therapeutic resolution, which she offers in the Epilogue by arguing for the value of a moral education that enlightens humans about their own human nature, highlighting both the socialization of fear and the importance of play and creativity.

The Evolved Structure of Human Social Behaviour and Personality

Author : Ralf-Peter Behrendt
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429920709
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolved Structure of Human Social Behaviour and Personality by : Ralf-Peter Behrendt

Download or read book The Evolved Structure of Human Social Behaviour and Personality written by Ralf-Peter Behrendt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, concerned with psychoanalytic conceptualisations, helps to lay the foundation for a biologically and evolutionarily sensible model of human social behaviour and personality, and also helps to bridge the gap between psychoanalysis and neuroscience.

Wildlife Contraception

Author : Cheryl S. Asa
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801883040
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Wildlife Contraception by : Cheryl S. Asa

Download or read book Wildlife Contraception written by Cheryl S. Asa and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2005-09-29 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays is the first major work in more than a decade to discuss the critical issue of wildlife contraception and the first ever to take up contraception-both theory and practice-for wild animals in captivity. The authors, leading international experts on the subject, analyze the use of wildlife contraception for various animal populations, including nonhuman primates, ungulates, pinnipeds, cetaceans, and other mammals. The chapters examine and critique types of contraception, and their effects, and explore the best method for each situation. Using the most recent data and findings, this comprehensive collection addresses problems related to unrestricted population growth, the ethics of wildlife contraception, and regulatory issues for wildlife managers, animal rights organizations, zoos worldwide, and anyone interested in the humane control of animal populations.

Coexistence

Author : Jan Sapp
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190632453
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Coexistence by : Jan Sapp

Download or read book Coexistence written by Jan Sapp and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about tropical biology in action- how biologists grapple with the ecology and evolution of the great species diversity in tropical rainforests and coral reefs. Tropical rainforests are home to 50% of all the plant and animal species on earth, though they cover only about 2% of the planet. Coral reefs hold 25% of the world's marine diversity, though they represent only 0.1 % of the world's surface. The increase in species richness from the poles to the tropics has remained enigmatic to naturalists for more than 200 years. How have so many species evolved in the tropics? How can so many species coexist there? At a time when rainforests and coral reefs are shrinking, when the earth is facing what has been called the sixth mass extinction, understanding the evolutionary ecology of the tropics is everyone's business. Despite the fundamental importance of the tropics to all of life on earth, tropical biology has evolved relatively slowly and with difficulties - economic, political, and environmental. This book is also about tropical science in context, situated in the complex socio-political history, and the rich rainforests and coral reefs of Panama. There are no other books on the history of tropical ecology and evolution or on the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Thus situated in historical context, Jan Sapp's aim is to understand how naturalists have studied and conceptualized the great biological diversity and entangled ecology of tropics. This book has potential to be used in tropical biology classes, ecology courses, evolutionary ecology and it could also be useful in classes on the history of biology.

Nature's Gift to Neuroscience

Author : Chun-Fang Wu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000566447
Total Pages : 839 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Nature's Gift to Neuroscience by : Chun-Fang Wu

Download or read book Nature's Gift to Neuroscience written by Chun-Fang Wu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-02-27 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1960s, Sydney Brenner proposed to use the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans to discover the control mechanisms of animal development and to reveal how a small number of neurons generate different behaviours, giving birth to a vibrant community that uses this animal model for their studies. Brenner was aided in his aim by John Sulston, who mapped the C. elegans cell lineages – from a single cell to the multicellular adult – which transformed the field of developmental biology. As a tribute to these two men, this book captures the perspectives of some of the early pioneers of the worm community, from Martin Chalfie, Robert Waterston and Donald Moerman to Catherine Rankin, Antony Stretton and John White. It also includes contributions from subsequent generations of the community, who explore the development and function of the C. elegans nervous system. This book features how this animal has become one of the best models for elucidating the biology of different sensory modalities and their complex behavioural outputs, or how this animal’s survival strategies have contributed to our understanding of ageing and neurodegeneration. Thus, this volume documents the development of the C. elegans neuroscience field, from infancy to maturity. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Neurogenetics.

Organization of Insect Societies

Author : Jürgen Gadau
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674031258
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Organization of Insect Societies by : Jürgen Gadau

Download or read book Organization of Insect Societies written by Jürgen Gadau and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-28 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this landmark volume, an international group of scientists has synthesized their collective expertise and insight into a newly unified vision of insect societies and what they can reveal about how sociality has arisen as an evolutionary strategy. Jürgen Gadau and Jennifer Fewell have assembled leading researchers from the fields of molecular biology, evolutionary genetics, neurophysiology, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary theory to reexamine the question of sociality in insects. Recent advances in social complexity theory and the sequencing of the honeybee genome ensure that this book will be valued by anyone working on sociality in insects. At the same time, the theoretical ideas presented will be of broad-ranging significance to those interested in social evolution and complex systems.

The Crustacean Nervous System

Author : Konrad Wiese
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662048434
Total Pages : 639 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The Crustacean Nervous System by : Konrad Wiese

Download or read book The Crustacean Nervous System written by Konrad Wiese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crustacean preparations have been successfully used for more than 50 years to investigate the principles which enable nerve cells and neural circuitry to perform in a wide variety of functions. The proud record of information of general significance obtained from crayfish and lobster nervous systems testifies that the use of an experimental system precisely matching theoretical and experimental requirements ofa measurement is an essential part of the success. In some respects, the secondarily diversified vertebrate and mammalian nervous systems pose severe obstacles to experimentation and measurement, whereas the crustacean nervous system recommends itself by being composed of individual neurons of unique morphology and physiology, which can be used repeatedly in several preparations. Moreover, a restricted number of invariantly displayed behaviors enable the experimenter to correlate neuron activity with parts of the behavior easier. Experts use these advantages to focus on a well-defined neuron and mechanism and to take a convincing measurement within a minimum amount oftime. In this book distinguished neurobiologists, the leading experts in the field, have joined efforts to present research using crustacean experimental systems. Thus they have contributed comprehensive information regarding a nervous system other than that ofvertebrates and mammalians, that ofcrustaceans. The accumulated knowledge on the crustacean nervous system shows that it is clearly divergent in evolution but functions in a similar way to neuronal circuitry found in the vertebrate system and can be used to interpret it.

Levels of Selection in Evolution

Author : Laurent Keller
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691207011
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Levels of Selection in Evolution by : Laurent Keller

Download or read book Levels of Selection in Evolution written by Laurent Keller and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the groundbreaking work of George Williams, W. D. Hamilton, and Richard Dawkins, evolutionary biologists have recognized that natural selection generally does not operate for the good of the group, but rather for the good of lower-level units such as the individual, the cell, even the gene. One of the fundamental problems of biology is: what keeps competition between these various levels of natural selection from destroying the common interests to be gained from cooperation? In this volume twelve prominent scientists explore this question, presenting a comprehensive survey of the current theoretical and empirical research in evolutionary biology. Recent studies show that at many levels of biological organization, mechanisms have evolved to prevent potential conflict in natural selection. Editor Laurent Keller's aim in this book is to bring together leading researchers from all biological disciplines to outline these potential conflicts and discuss how they are resolved. A multi-level approach of this kind allows important insights into the evolution of life, as well as bridging the long-standing conceptual chasm between molecular and organismal biologists. The chapters here follow a rigorous theoretical framework, giving the book an overall synergy that is unique to multi-authored books. The contributors, in addition to the editor, are H. Charles J. Godfray, Edward Allen Herre, Dawn M. Kitchen, Egbert Giles Leigh, Jr., Catherine M. Lessells, Richard E. Michod, Leonard Nunney, Craig Packer, Andrew Pomiankowski, H. Kern Reeve, John Maynard Smith, and Eörs Szathmáry.

Narcissism and the Self

Author : R. Behrendt
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137491485
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Narcissism and the Self by : R. Behrendt

Download or read book Narcissism and the Self written by R. Behrendt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines how coevolved intraspecific aggression and appeasement gestures can give rise to complex social, cultural, and psychopathological phenomena. It argues that the individual's need regulate narcissistic supplies and maintain feelings of safety is the overriding determinant of human conduct and thought in mental health and illness.

Adaptationism and Optimality

Author : Steven Hecht Orzack
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521598361
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Adaptationism and Optimality by : Steven Hecht Orzack

Download or read book Adaptationism and Optimality written by Steven Hecht Orzack and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-06-04 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays are intended to provide useful advice to "biologists in the trenches" but also to assess the larger theoretical and conceptual issues that form the basis of the current controversy." "This volume will serve to substantially advance the debate over adaptationism. It will be of interest to biologists, philosophers and historians of biology, anthropologists, psychologists, and cognitive scientists."--BOOK JACKET.

Communication

Author : Donald H. Owings
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489917454
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Communication by : Donald H. Owings

Download or read book Communication written by Donald H. Owings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ON THE FUTURE OF PERSPECTIVES When Patrick Bateson and Peter Klopfer offered me the editorship of Perspectives in 1992, the world of academic publishing was in one of its periodic upheavals. Subscriptions to series-even distinguished series such as Perspec tives-had been declining and individual volume prices had been rising, a trend that if continued could only result in the series pricing itself out of the market. In the course of the negotiations around the change of editors, the publishers offered a cost-cutting solution: change the production pattern to "camera ready" and elimi nate the costs of indexing and proofreading. While I could see the sense in this proposal, I was reluctant to accept it. Part of what I had always liked about the volumes in this series was that they were real books, intelligently proofread, nicely laid out, and provided with proper indexes. Thus, I in return offered a "Devil's bargain": the publisher should maintain the present quality of the series for two more volumes and make a renewed effort to advertise the series to our ethological and sociobiological colleagues, while I as the new series editor committed myself to a renewed effort to make Perspectives the publication of choice for writers who are trying to get their message out to the world intact and readers who are seeking clear, coherent, comprehensive and untrammeled presentations of authors' ideas and research programs.

Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals

Author : Robert W. Mitchell
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791431252
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals by : Robert W. Mitchell

Download or read book Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals written by Robert W. Mitchell and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People commonly think that animals are psychologically like themselves (anthropomorphism), and describe what animals do in narratives (anecdotes) that support these psychological interpretations. This is the first book to evaluate the significance and usefulness of the practices of anthropomorphism and anecdotalism for understanding animals. Diverse perspectives are presented in thoughtful, critical essays by historians, philosophers, anthropologists, psychologists, behaviorists, biologists, primatologists, and ethologists. The nature of anthropomorphism and anecdotal analysis is examined; social, cultural, and historical attitudes toward them are presented; and scientific attitudes are appraised. Authors provide fascinating in-depth descriptions and analyses of diverse species of animals, including octopi, great apes, monkeys, dogs, sea lions, and, of course, human beings. Concerns about, and proposals for, evaluations of a variety of psychological aspects of animals are discussed, including mental state attribution, intentionality, cognition, consciousness, self-consciousness, and language.

Self-Preservation at the Centre of Personality

Author : Ralf-Peter Behrendt
Publisher : Vernon Press
ISBN 13 : 1622739949
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Preservation at the Centre of Personality by : Ralf-Peter Behrendt

Download or read book Self-Preservation at the Centre of Personality written by Ralf-Peter Behrendt and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses personality as a unified set of evolved and culturally developed structures that serves a single and definable purpose, to maintain the individual’s safety, in the context of dyadic relationships, group processes and more abstract and fluid social configurations. The infant-mother relationship remains the blueprint for modes of relating to the social surround, at whatever level of complexity, and for approximating the sense of safety originally provided by the mother. The personality is organized around the need to maintain self-esteem, thereby preserving the individual’s sense of safety and warding off deep-seated paranoid anxiety, which signals the potential of annihilation of the self. Paranoid anxiety is the counterpart of intraspecific aggression and the potential of the group as a whole to attack and annihilate the individual. Paranoid anxiety, which was recognized by Melanie Klein as playing a critical role in infant development, is not overcome as development proceeds but remains latent, buried under layers of personality organization that are essentially concerned with sourcing recognition and approval from the social environment, thereby inhibiting others’ aggression and guarding against annihilation of the self. The book adds to self psychology (Kohut) by showing how the principle of self-preservation underpins all aspects of normal and abnormal character dynamics. It integrates self psychology with other branches psychoanalytic theory and revives the link between psychoanalysis and ethology. Ethology (Lorenz, Hass, Eibl-Eibesfeldt) has provided insights into how interrelated intraspecific aggression and appeasement gestures are critically important for the evolution of social behavior in higher animals as well as for cultural evolution in humans, insights that allow, more generally, for a bridging of the gap between psychoanalysis and the biology of social behavior. Furthermore, an evolutionary approach to character dynamics and related social phenomena will have important implications for understanding psychopathological vulnerabilities and self-perpetuating processes in mental illness.

Social Behaviour In Animals

Author : A. Sarkar
Publisher : Discovery Publishing House
ISBN 13 : 9788171417476
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Behaviour In Animals by : A. Sarkar

Download or read book Social Behaviour In Animals written by A. Sarkar and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2003 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Group Living, First Voice, Cooperative Behaviour, Evolution of Social Behaviour, Social Behaviour in Women, Social Behaviour of Aquatic Animals, Social Behaviour in Wild Animals, Lekking in Fishes and Birds, Agonistic Behaviour, Population Behaviour.