The Seigneurial Residence In Western Europe Ad C800 1600

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The Seigneurial Residence in Western Europe AD C800-1600

Author : Gwyn I. Meirion-Jones
Publisher : British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Seigneurial Residence in Western Europe AD C800-1600 by : Gwyn I. Meirion-Jones

Download or read book The Seigneurial Residence in Western Europe AD C800-1600 written by Gwyn I. Meirion-Jones and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2002 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of eighteen papers which were originally intended to be presented at a colloquium, that did not take place, and complement Manorial Domestic Buildings in England and Northern France (Society of Antiquaries of London Occasional Papers 15, 1993). The papers include theoretical analyses of the effects of seigneurial hierarchy on architecture, studies of particular architectural developments and discussions of specific buildings. Subjects include fortified buildings, Norman and Angevin residences, Scottish royal residences, Irish castles, the carpentry of 14th-century timber halls in England, the Channel Islands, the noble residence in Brittany, timber architecture in France, the imperial hall at Frankfurt am Main, Muzenberg, Norwich Castle, Boothby Pagnall. Four papers in French, the rest in English.

Castles and the Anglo-Norman World

Author : John A. Davies
Publisher : Oxbow Books
ISBN 13 : 1785700235
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (857 download)

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Book Synopsis Castles and the Anglo-Norman World by : John A. Davies

Download or read book Castles and the Anglo-Norman World written by John A. Davies and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Castles and the Anglo-Norman World is a major new synthesis drawing together a series of 20 papers by 26 French and English specialists in the field of Anglo-Norman studies. It includes summaries of current knowledge and new research into important Norman castles in England and Normandy, drawing on information from recent excavations. Sections consider the evolution of Anglo-Norman castles, the architecture and archaeology of Norman monuments, Romanesque architecture and artifacts, the Bayeux Tapestry and the presentation of historic sites to the public. These studies are presented together with a consideration of the 12th century cross-Channel Norman Empire, which provides a broader context. This work is the result of a conference held at Norwich Castle in 2012, which was part of a collaboration between professionals in the fields of archaeology, architecture, museums and heritage, under the banner of the Norman Connections Project.

Norman Stone Castles (1)

Author : Christopher Gravett
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782002278
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Norman Stone Castles (1) by : Christopher Gravett

Download or read book Norman Stone Castles (1) written by Christopher Gravett and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Descended from the Viking raiders who settled in Northern France under the leadership of Rollo in around 911, the Normans were amongst the most feared warriors of their time. Their territorial ambitions culminated in Duke William 1's conquest of England in 1066, but although victory at Hastings left the English crown in William's hands, Norman sovereignty remained far from established on the island. In order to consolidate his position, the new king built a series of fortifications across the country this book covers all these developments from the early days of William I through to the fortifications of Henry II, Richard I and John.

Allen Brown's English Castles

Author : Reginald Allen Brown
Publisher : Boydell Press
ISBN 13 : 9781843830696
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Allen Brown's English Castles by : Reginald Allen Brown

Download or read book Allen Brown's English Castles written by Reginald Allen Brown and published by Boydell Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reissue of the classic guide to the origins, purpose and identity of the great castles of England and Wales, built after the arrival of the Normans. Castle studies have been shaped and defined over the past half-century by the work of R. Allen Brown. His classic English Castles, renamed here to acknowledge its definitive approach to the subject, has never been superseded by other more recent studies, and is still the foundation study of the English, and Welsh, castles built between the Norman Conquest and the mid 1500s. As the subject evolved, so too did this book, and for the most recent edition a considerable amount of French comparative material was added, though it remains essentially a study of English castles. For Allen Brown, castles were fortified residences (or residential fortresses), and developed, from European precursors, to support political and social realities as the Norman and Angevin kings secured their realm. Once these political ends had been largely met, the castle and castle-building entered a period of decline, and domesticand military interests went in opposite directions. This book, with numerous photographs and plans, remains the outstanding guide to the origins, purpose and identity of the great castles of England and Wales. R. ALLEN BROWN was also the author of The Normans, The Norman Conquest of England and The Normans and the Norman Conquest and founder of the annual Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies.

Excavations at Dryslwyn Castle 1980-1995

Author : Chris Caple
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351194852
Total Pages : 641 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Excavations at Dryslwyn Castle 1980-1995 by : Chris Caple

Download or read book Excavations at Dryslwyn Castle 1980-1995 written by Chris Caple and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-02 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Excavations at Dryslwyn between 1980 and 1995 uncovered a masonry castle, founded in the late 1220s by Rhys Gryg for his son Maredudd ap Rhys, the first Lord of Dryslwyn. The first castle was a simple round tower and polygonal walled enclosure, within which were constructed a kitchen, prison and wood-framed, clay-floored great chamber beside a great hall. In the mid 13th century a second ward was added and the great chamber rebuilt in stone. This castle was greatly expanded in the period 1283-87 by Rhys ap Maredudd, the second and final Lord of Dryslwyn, who built an Outer Ward and gatehouse. He also rebuilt much of the Inner Ward, adding an extra storey to the great hall and great chamber, apartments and a chapel. At the end of the 13th century a large three-ward castle stretched along the eastern and southern edge of the hill while the rest of the hilltop was occupied by a settlement defended by a wall and substantial ditch with access through a gatehouse. This castle and its associated settlement were besieged and captured in 1287 by an English royal army of over 11,000 men following damage inflicted by a trebuchet and mining of the walls. Throughout the 14th century the English Crown garrisoned and repaired the castle, supervised by an appointed constable, before it was surrendered to Owain Glyn Dwr in 1403. During the early to mid 15th century the castle was deliberately walled up to deny its use to a potential enemy and it was subsequently looted and demolished. By the late 13th century, the castle had a white rendered and lime-washed appearance, creating a very dramatic and highly visible symbol of lordship. Internally, the lord's and guest apartments had decorative wall paintings and glazed windows. Evidence from charred beams still in situ, the sizes, shapes and distribution of nails, sheet lead, slates and postholes recovered during excavation has enabled some of the wooden as well as masonry buildings to be reconstructed. Waterlogged deposits had preserved a rich assemblage of seeds, birds, fish and animal bone which reveal evidence of the dining habits of Welsh lords, their guests and household. Of particular interest are the finds associated with the siege of 1287 which include a knop-headed mace, spearheads and armour-piercing arrowheads which indicates that the longbow was the weapon of choice. Damage and repairs to the castle walls correlate with historic accounts while three stone balls recovered by the excavation were undoubtedly thrown by the trebuchet recorded in contemporary accounts."

Before the Gregorian Reform

Author : John Howe
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501703706
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Before the Gregorian Reform by : John Howe

Download or read book Before the Gregorian Reform written by John Howe and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians typically single out the hundred-year period from about 1050 to 1150 as the pivotal moment in the history of the Latin Church, for it was then that the Gregorian Reform movement established the ecclesiastical structure that would ensure Rome’s dominance throughout the Middle Ages and beyond. In Before the Gregorian Reform John Howe challenges this familiar narrative by examining earlier, "pre-Gregorian" reform efforts within the Church. He finds that they were more extensive and widespread than previously thought and that they actually established a foundation for the subsequent Gregorian Reform movement. The low point in the history of Christendom came in the late ninth and early tenth centuries—a period when much of Europe was overwhelmed by barbarian raids and widespread civil disorder, which left the Church in a state of disarray. As Howe shows, however, the destruction gave rise to creativity. Aristocrats and churchmen rebuilt churches and constructed new ones, competing against each other so that church building, like castle building, acquired its own momentum. Patrons strove to improve ecclesiastical furnishings, liturgy, and spirituality. Schools were constructed to staff the new churches. Moreover, Howe shows that these reform efforts paralleled broader economic, social, and cultural trends in Western Europe including the revival of long-distance trade, the rise of technology, and the emergence of feudal lordship. The result was that by the mid-eleventh century a wealthy, unified, better-organized, better-educated, more spiritually sensitive Latin Church was assuming a leading place in the broader Christian world. Before the Gregorian Reform challenges us to rethink the history of the Church and its place in the broader narrative of European history. Compellingly written and generously illustrated, it is a book for all medievalists as well as general readers interested in the Middle Ages and Church history.

The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture

Author : Colum Hourihane
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0195395360
Total Pages : 4064 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture by : Colum Hourihane

Download or read book The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture written by Colum Hourihane and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 4064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers unparalleled coverage of all aspects of art and architecture from medieval Western Europe, from the 6th century to the early 16th century. Drawing upon the expansive scholarship in the celebrated 'Grove Dictionary of Art' and adding hundreds of new entries, it offers students, researchers and the general public a reliable, up-to-date, and convenient resource covering this field of major importance in the development of Western history and international art and architecture.

The Impact of the Edwardian Castles in Wales

Author : Diane Williams
Publisher : Oxbow Books
ISBN 13 : 1782973672
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (829 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of the Edwardian Castles in Wales by : Diane Williams

Download or read book The Impact of the Edwardian Castles in Wales written by Diane Williams and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Impact of the Edwardian Castles in Wales publishes the proceedings of a conference held in 2007, a year that marked the seventh centenary of the death of King Edward I, which set out to review recent scholarship on castles that he built in north Wales after two wars, in 1277 and 1282-83 and a Welsh uprising in 1294-95, and to rethink the effect that their building had upon Wales in the past, present and future. Building upon the seminal work of Arnold Taylor, whose study of the buildings and documentary evidence has been pivotal to Edwardian castle studies for more than fifty years, the volume includes papers which call into question the role of Master James of St George as the architect of the kings new castles; the role of Richard the Engineer, the nature of royal accommodation in the thirteenth century and a detailed look at how households worked, especially in the kitchen and accounting departments. New approaches to castle studies are encouraging a more holistic understanding of the Edwardian castles and their context and to this end papers consider their impact on Welsh society and its princes in the thirteenth century, notably Llywelyn ab Iorwerth ( Fawr , the Great) and his grandson, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales. Their symbolism and meaning through the words of Welsh poets and the mythology behind Caernarfon Castle are also examined, so too is the role of Welshmen in Edward Is armies. The wider context is considered with papers on the Edwardian towns in Wales, the baronial castles in north Wales and Edward I in Scotland and Gascony. The castles still have powerful resonance and the Minister for Heritage in the Welsh Assembly Government considers their role and presentation in Wales today and in the future. Robert Liddiard concludes that the volume 'not only takes our knowledge of the Edwardian castles forward, but also informs the study of castles in the British Isles'.

The Medieval English Landscape, 1000-1540

Author : Graeme J. White
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1441181474
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis The Medieval English Landscape, 1000-1540 by : Graeme J. White

Download or read book The Medieval English Landscape, 1000-1540 written by Graeme J. White and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The landscape of medieval England was the product of a multitude of hands. While the power to shape the landscape inevitably lay with the Crown, the nobility and the religious houses, this study also highlights the contribution of the peasantry in the layout of rural settlements and ridge-and-furrow field works, and the funding of parish churches by ordinary townsfolk. The importance of population trends is emphasised as a major factor in shaping the medieval landscape: the rising curve of the eleventh to thirteenth centuries imposing growing pressures on resources, and the devastating impact of the Black Death leading to radical decline in the fourteenth century. Opening with a broad-ranging analysis of political and economic trends in medieval England, the book progresses thematically to assess the impact of farming, rural settlement, towns, the Church, and fortification using many original case studies. The concluding chapter charts the end of the medieval landscape with the dissolution of the monasteries, the replacement of castles by country houses, the ongoing enclosure of fields, and the growth of towns.

A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval Military History and Technology

Author : Kelly DeVries
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004164456
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval Military History and Technology by : Kelly DeVries

Download or read book A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval Military History and Technology written by Kelly DeVries and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second update of "A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval Military History and Technology," which appeared in 2002. It is meant to do two things: to present references to works on medieval military history and technology not included in the first two volumes; and to present references to all books and articles published on medieval military history and technology from 2003 to 2006. These references are divided into the same categories as in the first two volumes and cover a chronological period of the same length, from late antiquity to 1648, again in order to present a more complete picture of influences on and from the Middle Ages. It also continues to cover the same geographical area as the first and second volume, in essence Europe and the Middle East, or, again, influences on and from this area. The languages of these bibliographical references reflect this geography.

Castle Builders

Author : Malcolm James Baillie-Hislop
Publisher : Pen and Sword Archaeology
ISBN 13 : 1473883962
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Castle Builders by : Malcolm James Baillie-Hislop

Download or read book Castle Builders written by Malcolm James Baillie-Hislop and published by Pen and Sword Archaeology. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Castle Builders, Malcolm Hislop looks at the hugely popular subject of castles from the unusual perspective of design and construction. In this general introduction to the subject, we discover something of the personalities behind their creation - the architects and craftsmen - and, furthermore, the techniques they employed, and how style and technology was disseminated. Castle Builders takes both a thematic and a chronological approach to the design and construction of castles, providing the reader with clear lines of development. Themes include earth, timber and stone construction techniques, the evolution of the great tower, the development of military engineering, the progression of domestic accommodation, and the degree to which aesthetics contributed to castle design.

The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts

Author : Elizabeth Carson Pastan
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1843839415
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts by : Elizabeth Carson Pastan

Download or read book The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts written by Elizabeth Carson Pastan and published by Boydell & Brewer Ltd. This book was released on 2014 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A full and provocative reappraisal of the Bayeux "Tapestry", its origins, design and patronage. Aspects of the Bayeux Tapestry (in fact an embroidered hanging) have always remained mysterious, despite much scholarly investigation, not least its design and patron. Here, in the first full-length interdisciplinary approach to the subject, the authors (an art historian and a historian) consider these and other issues. Rejecting the prevalent view that it was commissioned by Odo, the bishop of Bayeux and half-brother of William the Conqueror, or by some other comparable patron, they bring new evidence to bear on the question of its relationship to the abbey of St Augustine's, Canterbury. From the study of art-historical, archeological, literary, historical and documentary materials, they conclude that the monks of St Augustine's designed the hanging for display in their abbey church to tell their own story of how England was invaded and conquered in 1066. Elizabeth Carson Pastan is a Professor of Art History at Emory University; Stephen D. White is Asa G. Candler Professor of Medieval History (emeritus), Emory University, and an Honorary Professor of Mediaeval History at the University of St Andrews.

Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy

Author : William M. Aird
Publisher : Boydell Press
ISBN 13 : 1843836602
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy by : William M. Aird

Download or read book Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy written by William M. Aird and published by Boydell Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acclaimed biography of the eldest son of William the Conqueror, whose failure to secure the kingdom of England has overshadowed his role in capturing Jerusalem during the First Crusade. This detailed biography offers a reappraisal of the career of Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror's eldest son and duke of Normandy from 1087 to 1106, locating the duke's career in the social, cultural and political context ofthe period. Robert's relationship with members of his family shaped the political landscape of England and Normandy for much of the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries: indeed, even after his incarceration, from 1106 to 1134, his son William Clito (d. 1128) continued the fight against Robert's brother, Henry I. Twice driven into exile, Robert defeated his father in battle and eventually succeeded to the duchy of Normandy, although the throne of England was seized by William Rufus and then Henry I. For twenty years Robert successfully defended Normandy, developing policies to counter the vastly superior English resources at the disposal of his brothers. Robert's leading role in the success of the First Crusade [1095-99] also made him one of the most famous warriors of his age. He returned to Western Europe in 1100, a chivalric hero with a reputation that stretched from Scotland to Palestine. This bookreturns Robert Curthose to centre stage in the bloody drama of this period, a drama so often dominated by accounts from a royal and English perspective. Dr William M. Aird is Lecturer in History, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh.

Norman Rule in Normandy, 911-1144

Author : Mark S. Hagger
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer
ISBN 13 : 1783272147
Total Pages : 826 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Norman Rule in Normandy, 911-1144 by : Mark S. Hagger

Download or read book Norman Rule in Normandy, 911-1144 written by Mark S. Hagger and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2017 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In around 911, the Viking adventurer Rollo was granted the city of Rouen and its surrounding district by the Frankish King Charles the Simple. Two further grants of territory followed in 924 and 933. But while Frankish kings might grant this land to Rollo and his son, William Longsword, these two Norman dukes and their successors had to fight and negotiate with rival lords, hostile neighbours, kings, and popes in order to establish and maintain their authority over it. This book explores the geographical and political development of what would become the duchy of Normandy, and the relations between the dukes and these rivals for their lands and their subjects' fidelity. It looks, too, at the administrative machinery the dukes built to support their regime, from their toll-collectors and vicomtes (an official similar to the English sheriff) to the political theatre of their courts and the buildings in which they were staged. At the heart of this exercise are the narratives that purport to tell us about what the dukes did, and the surviving body of the dukes' diplomas. Neither can be taken at face value, and both tell us as much about the concerns and criticisms of the dukes' subjects as they do about the strength of the dukes' authority. The diplomas, in particular, because most of them were not written by scribes attached to the dukes' households but rather by their beneficiaries, can be used to recover something of how the dukes' subjects saw their rulers, as well as something of what they wanted or needed from them. Ducal power was the result of a dialogue, and this volume enables both sides to speak. Mark Hagger is a senior lecturer in medieval history at Bangor University.

Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004228322
Total Pages : 1184 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture by :

Download or read book Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2012-05-07 with total page 1184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes propose a renewed way of framing the debate around the history of medieval art and architecture to highlight the multiple roles played by women. Today’s standard division of artist from patron is not seen in medieval inscriptions—on paintings, metalwork, embroideries, or buildings—where the most common verb is 'made' (fecit). At times this denotes the individual whose hands produced the work, but it can equally refer to the person whose donation made the undertaking possible. Here twenty-four scholars examine secular and religious art from across medieval Europe to demonstrate that a range of studies is of interest not just for a particular time and place but because, from this range, overall conclusions can be drawn for the question of medieval art history as a whole. Contributors are Mickey Abel, Glaire D. Anderson, Jane L. Carroll, Nicola Coldstream, María Elena Díez Jorge, Jaroslav Folda, Alexandra Gajewski, Loveday Lewes Gee, Melissa R. Katz, Katrin Kogman-Appel, Pierre Alain Mariaux, Therese Martin, Eileen McKiernan González, Rachel Moss, Jenifer Ní Ghrádaigh, Felipe Pereda, Annie Renoux, Ana Maria S. A. Rodrigues, Jane Tibbetts Schulenburg, Stefanie Seeberg, Miriam Shadis, Ellen Shortell, Loretta Vandi, and Nancy L. Wicker.

A Guide to the Medieval Castles of England

Author : Malcolm Hislop
Publisher : Pen and Sword History
ISBN 13 : 1399001116
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide to the Medieval Castles of England by : Malcolm Hislop

Download or read book A Guide to the Medieval Castles of England written by Malcolm Hislop and published by Pen and Sword History. This book was released on 2024-03-30 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spread across the medieval kingdom of England in a network of often formidable strongholds, castles, like cathedrals, are defining landmarks of their age, dominating their settings, in many cases even to this day. By representing an essential aspect of our history and heritage, the interpretation of which is constantly being revised, they demonstrate the value of Malcolm Hislop’s compact, authoritative and well illustrated new guide to English castles. The gazetteer includes an astonishing variety of types, sizes and designs. Individual entries bring out the salient points of interest including historical context, building history and architectural character. The defensive and domestic purposes of these remarkable buildings are explained, as is the way in which their layout and role developed over the course of hundreds of years, from the predominantly earth and timber fortresses of the Normans to the complex stone castles of the later Middle Ages, many of which can be visited today. Hislop’s experience as an archaeologist specializing in medieval buildings, castles in particular, as well as his eye for structural detail, ensure that his guide is a necessary handbook for readers who are keen on medieval history and warfare, and for visitors who are looking for an accessible introduction to these monumental relics of England’s military past.

Early European Castles

Author : Oliver Creighton
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1474282172
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Early European Castles by : Oliver Creighton

Download or read book Early European Castles written by Oliver Creighton and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medieval castles were, alongside the great cathedrals, the most recognisable buildings of the medieval world. Closely associated with concepts of justice, lordship and authority as well as military might, castles came to encapsulate the period's very essence. Looking at above and below-ground evidence and examining a wide variety of sites - from towering donjons to earth and timber castles - in different parts of western Europe, this book explores the relationship between early castle building and the emergence of a new aristocracy and investigates the impact of authority on the organisation of the landscape. A particular focus is on the social context of early private fortifications: Europe's earliest castles came to embody a new and radically different form of power – an aristocratic authority that was highly personal in nature, glaringly visible in its presence, and enforceable through violence, both threatened and real. The volume reassesses traditional models of castle origins; examines aspects of elite lifestyle in and around these structures, including pastimes and diet; considers medieval visual experiences of sites and their settings; and explores some future directions for research.