The Salvadoran Crucible

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The Salvadoran Crucible

Author : Brian D'Haeseleer
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700625127
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Salvadoran Crucible by : Brian D'Haeseleer

Download or read book The Salvadoran Crucible written by Brian D'Haeseleer and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1979, with El Salvador growing ever more unstable and ripe for revolution, the United States undertook a counterinsurgency intervention that over the following decade would become Washington’s largest nation-building effort since Vietnam. In 2003, policymakers looked to this “successful” undertaking as a model for US intervention in Iraq. In fact, Brian D’Haeseleer argues in The Salvadoran Crucible, the US counterinsurgency in El Salvador produced no more than a stalemate, and in the process inflicted tremendous suffering on Salvadorans for a limited amount of foreign policy gains. D’Haeseleer’s book is a deeply informed, dispassionate account of how the Salvadoran venture took shape, what it actually accomplished, and what lessons it holds. A historical analysis of the origins of US counterinsurgency policy provides context for understanding how precedents informed US intervention in El Salvador. What follows is a detailed, in-depth view of how the counterinsurgency unfolded—the nature, logic, and effectiveness of the policies, initiatives, and operations promoted by American strategists. D’Haeseleer’s account disputes the “success” narrative by showing that El Salvador’s achievements, mainly the spread of democracy, occurred as a result not of the American intervention but of the insurgents’ war against the state. Most significantly, The Salvadoran Crucible contends that the reforms enacted during the war failed to address the underlying causes of the conflict, which today continue to reverberate in El Salvador. The book thus suggests a reassessment of the history of American counterinsurgency, and a course-correction for the future.

El Salvador's Civil War

Author : Hugh Byrne
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781555876067
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis El Salvador's Civil War by : Hugh Byrne

Download or read book El Salvador's Civil War written by Hugh Byrne and published by Lynne Rienner Pub. This book was released on 1996 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Study of strategies employed by the two sides in the recent civil war. Argues neither side was able to integrate economic, political, and military strategies into a grand strategy"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.

The Urban Crucible

Author : Gary B. Nash
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674041325
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis The Urban Crucible by : Gary B. Nash

Download or read book The Urban Crucible written by Gary B. Nash and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Urban Crucible boldly reinterprets colonial life and the origins of the American Revolution. Through a century-long history of three seaport towns--Boston, New York, and Philadelphia--Gary Nash discovers subtle changes in social and political awareness and describes the coming of the revolution through popular collective action and challenges to rule by custom, law and divine will. A reordering of political power required a new consciousness to challenge the model of social relations inherited from the past and defended by higher classes. While retaining all the main points of analysis and interpretation, the author has reduced the full complement of statistics, sources, and technical data contained in the original edition to serve the needs of general readers and undergraduates.

Cold War Crucible

Author : Hajimu Masuda
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674598474
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (745 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War Crucible by : Hajimu Masuda

Download or read book Cold War Crucible written by Hajimu Masuda and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After World War II, the major powers faced social upheaval at home and anticolonial wars around the globe. Alarmed by conflict in Korea that could change U.S.–Soviet relations from chilly to nuclear, ordinary people and policymakers created a fantasy of a bipolar Cold War world in which global and domestic order was paramount, Masuda Hajimu shows.

The Crucible of Islam

Author : G. W. Bowersock
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674978218
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis The Crucible of Islam by : G. W. Bowersock

Download or read book The Crucible of Islam written by G. W. Bowersock and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-10 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known about Arabia in the sixth century, yet from this distant time and place emerged a faith and an empire that stretched from the Iberian peninsula to India. Today, Muslims account for nearly a quarter of the global population. A renowned classicist, G. W. Bowersock seeks to illuminate this obscure and dynamic period in the history of Islam—exploring why arid Arabia proved to be such fertile ground for Muhammad’s prophetic message, and why that message spread so quickly to the wider world. The Crucible of Islam offers a compelling explanation of how one of the world’s great religions took shape. “A remarkable work of scholarship.” —Wall Street Journal “A little book of explosive originality and penetrating judgment... The joy of reading this account of the background and emergence of early Islam is the knowledge that Bowersock has built it from solid stones... A masterpiece of the historian’s craft.” —Peter Brown, New York Review of Books

Stories of Civil War in El Salvador

Author : Erik Ching
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469628678
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Stories of Civil War in El Salvador by : Erik Ching

Download or read book Stories of Civil War in El Salvador written by Erik Ching and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El Salvador's civil war began in 1980 and ended twelve bloody years later. It saw extreme violence on both sides, including the terrorizing and targeting of civilians by death squads, recruitment of child soldiers, and the death and disappearance of more than 75,000 people. Examining El Salvador's vibrant life-story literature written in the aftermath of this terrible conflict--including memoirs and testimonials--Erik Ching seeks to understand how the war has come to be remembered and rebattled by Salvadorans and what that means for their society today. Ching identifies four memory communities that dominate national postwar views: civilian elites, military officers, guerrilla commanders, and working class and poor testimonialists. Pushing distinct and divergent stories, these groups are today engaged in what Ching terms a "narrative battle" for control over the memory of the war. Their ongoing publications in the marketplace of ideas tend to direct Salvadorans' attempts to negotiate the war's meaning and legacy, and Ching suggests that a more open, coordinated reconciliation process is needed in this postconflict society. In the meantime, El Salvador, fractured by conflicting interpretations of its national trauma, is hindered in dealing with the immediate problems posed by the nexus of neoliberalism, gang violence, and outmigration.

The Crucible of Experience

Author : Daniel Burston
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674002173
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis The Crucible of Experience by : Daniel Burston

Download or read book The Crucible of Experience written by Daniel Burston and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2000-05-19 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the great rebels of psychiatry, R. D. Laing challenged prevailing models of madness and the nature and limits of psychiatric authority. In this brief and lucid book, Laing’s widely praised biographer distills the essence of Laing’s vision, which was religious and philosophical as well as psychological. The Crucible of Experience reveals Laing’s philosophical debts to existentialism and phenomenology in his theories of madness and sanity, family theory and family therapy. Daniel Burston offers the first detailed account of Laing’s practice as a therapist and of his relationships—often contentious—with his friends and sometime disciples. Burston carefully differentiates between Laing and “Laingians,” who were often clearer, more confident, and more simplistic than their teacher. While he examines Laing’s theories of madness, Burston focuses most provocatively on Laing’s views of sanity and normality and on his recognition, toward the end of his life, of the essential place of holiness in human experience. In a powerful last chapter, Burston shows that Laing foresaw the present commercialization of medicine and asked pointed questions about what the meaning of sanity and the future of psychotherapy in such a world could be. In this, as in other matters, Laing’s questions of a generation ago remain questions for our time.

Training for Victory

Author : Frank Kenneth Sobchak
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
ISBN 13 : 1682471365
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (824 download)

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Book Synopsis Training for Victory by : Frank Kenneth Sobchak

Download or read book Training for Victory written by Frank Kenneth Sobchak and published by Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2024-11-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most difficult security challenges of the post–Cold War era has been stabilizing failing states in an era of irregular warfare. A consistent component of the strategy to address this problem has been security force assistance where outside powers train and advise the host nation’s military. Despite billions of dollars spent, the commitment of thousands of advisors, and innumerable casualties, the American efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq failed catastrophically. Nevertheless, among those colossal military disasters were pockets of success. The Iraqi Special Operations Forces (ISOF) held back the Islamic State in 2014 long enough to allow American and allied forces to flow back into the country, and many Afghan commando units fought to the bitter end as their country disintegrated around them. What made those units successful while the larger missions ended disastrously? Author Frank K. Sobchak explores security force assistance across five case studies, examining what factors were most critical for U.S. Special Forces units to build capable partners like the ISOF and the commandos. More specifically, the book assesses the impact of five components of Special Forces advisory missions: language training and cultural awareness of the advising force; the partner force-to-advisor ratio; the advisors’ ability to organize host-nation forces; whether advisors are permitted to guide in combat; and the consistency in advisor pairing. Based on the experiences of U.S. Army Special Forces in El Salvador (1981–1991), Colombia (2002–2016), the Philippines (2001–2015), Iraq (2003–2011), and Afghanistan (2007–2021), Sobchak argues that the most crucial factors in producing combat-effective partners are consistency in advisor pairing and maintaining a partner force-to-advisor ratio of twelve special forces soldiers advising a company-sized force or smaller. Intriguingly, and counter to conventional wisdom, at first glance language training and cultural awareness do not seem to be critical factors, as most of the Green Berets that trained units in Iraq and Afghanistan lacked both capabilities. Despite an orthodoxy that argues the opposite, there is little evidence that combat advising is decisive in producing effective partners and there is conflicting evidence that language training and cultural awareness are important. Many of these findings, while focused on Special Forces operations and doctrine, could be used to improve the odds of success for larger security-force assistance missions as well.

El Salvador

Author : David Francois
Publisher : Helion and Company
ISBN 13 : 1804514020
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis El Salvador by : David Francois

Download or read book El Salvador written by David Francois and published by Helion and Company. This book was released on 2023-03-24 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A severe social and political crisis in El Salvador during politicians, religious figures and activists through strikes but organized the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMNL) and launched an armed insurrection against the government in early 1981. Within months, the FMLN established itself in control over two departments which it was to guerrillas support base in the countryside. Although bombardments, strafing, shelling, summary execution of anybody captured, and massacres of civilians became the norm of the day, the FMLN continued growing in strength and by 1983, reached the peak of its power and control over the countryside. El Salvador, Volume 1: Crisis, Coup and Uprising 1970-1983 is the first inclusive and incisive military history of this incredibly vicious, merciless war: one of two major conflicts fought in Central America during the 1980s within the context of the Cold War. Based on official documentation and carefully cross-referenced secondary sources, it is lavishly illustrated with original photographs and custom-drawn color profiles and is an indispensable single-point source of reference.

The Cold War [5 volumes]

Author : Spencer C. Tucker
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4179 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cold War [5 volumes] by : Spencer C. Tucker

Download or read book The Cold War [5 volumes] written by Spencer C. Tucker and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 4179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This sweeping reference work covers every aspect of the Cold War, from its ignition in the ashes of World War II, through the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis, to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Cold War superpower face-off between the Soviet Union and the United States dominated international affairs in the second half of the 20th century and still reverberates around the world today. This comprehensive and insightful multivolume set provides authoritative entries on all aspects of this world-changing event, including wars, new military technologies, diplomatic initiatives, espionage activities, important individuals and organizations, economic developments, societal and cultural events, and more. This expansive coverage provides readers with the necessary context to understand the many facets of this complex conflict. The work begins with a preface and introduction and then offers illuminating introductory essays on the origins and course of the Cold War, which are followed by some 1,500 entries on key individuals, wars, battles, weapons systems, diplomacy, politics, economics, and art and culture. Each entry has cross-references and a list of books for further reading. The text includes more than 100 key primary source documents, a detailed chronology, a glossary, and a selective bibliography. Numerous illustrations and maps are inset throughout to provide additional context to the material.

El Salvador: Blood on All Our Hands

Author : George Thurlow
Publisher : Stansbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1935807765
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis El Salvador: Blood on All Our Hands by : George Thurlow

Download or read book El Salvador: Blood on All Our Hands written by George Thurlow and published by Stansbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On April 29, 1981 American journalist George Thurlow was shot by members of the El Salvador Treasury Police on a jungle road in San Salvador. His 29-year-old driver, Gilberto Moran, was killed and Associated Press photographer Joaquin Zuniga was seriously injured in the shooting. Thurlow left El Salvador two days later to receive medical treatment in the U.S. In 2000 he began a more than two-decade search to find Gilberto Moran’s grave and some form of personal redemption. El Salvador: Blood On All Our Hands details that search and introduces us to those who fought in the civil war, U.S. aid workers helping to rebuild the tiny country, as well as every day Salvadorans who suffered through a war that killed 70,000 of their fellow citizens. Many Salvadorans have decided it is time to move on from focusing on the war as their country enters a new era. The U.S. officials who supplied weapons and encouragement to the Salvadoran government, its security forces and the murderous death squads have never been held accountable. In El Salvador a Truth Commission has identified those most responsible for the assassinations and murder of priests, journalists and opposition leaders. This book is intended to document a moment in Salvadoran history when the United States government was responsible for a cruel carnage and to illustrate how American citizens are attempting to repair the damage.

The Immigration Crucible

Author : Philip Kretsedemas
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231157614
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis The Immigration Crucible by : Philip Kretsedemas

Download or read book The Immigration Crucible written by Philip Kretsedemas and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the debate over U. S. immigration, all sides now support policy and practice that expand the parameters of enforcement. Philip Kretsedemas examines this development from several different perspectives, exploring recent trends in U.S. immigration policy, the rise in extralegal state power over the course of the twentieth century, and discourses on race, nation, and cultural difference that have influenced politics and academia. He also analyzes the recent expansion of local immigration law and explains how forms of extralegal discretionary authority have become more prevalent in federal immigration policy, making the dispersion of local immigration laws possible. While connecting such extralegal state powers to a free flow position on immigration, Kretsedemas also observes how these same discretionary powers have been used historically to control racial minority populations, particularly African Americans under Jim Crow. This kind of discretionary authority often appeals to "states rights" arguments, recently revived by immigration control advocates. Using these and other examples, Kretsedemas explains how both sides of the immigration debate have converged on the issue of enforcement and how, despite differing interests, each faction has shaped the commonsense assumptions defining the debate.

Tell Mother I'm in Paradise

Author : Ana Margarita Gasteazoro
Publisher : University of Alabama Press
ISBN 13 : 0817321217
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Tell Mother I'm in Paradise by : Ana Margarita Gasteazoro

Download or read book Tell Mother I'm in Paradise written by Ana Margarita Gasteazoro and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Anna Maria Gasteazoro (1950-1993) was a Salvadoran opposition leader and renowned prisoner of conscience. In her memoirs, Tell Mother I'm in Paradise, she recounts her trajectory from a privileged Catholic upbringing in El Salvador, with stints at school abroad and early jobs, to her increasing commitment to political work after witnessing the violence and corpses in the streets of San Salvador early in the civil war, to clandestine organizing against the brutal military junta. Her inspiring and, at times, dramatic story culminates in three years as a political prisoner of conscience and then release and exile to Mexico. Readers get a sense of the upper-class milieu of well-connected parents and loving nannies and of Gasteazoro negotiating her education and freedom and exploring her talents in early years. She chronicles her growing rebellion against strictures of the Catholic Church and the conservative group Opus Dei, with which her mother was heavily involved. She was well educated and spoke perfect English and discovered a talent for organizing in administrative jobs abroad and at home. As the war progressed, she quickly became a valuable leader in the opposition movement as a member of the National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), a social democratic party, despite the machismo environment. She was often sent abroad as a representative. In two particularly exciting events, she served as a delegate to the Eleventh International Youth Festival in Havana in 1978 and when, with her life in danger, she donned a disguise to give a speech at a conference in Spain. As other MNR leaders were killed or disappeared, she rose to top leadership. Against the backdrop of kidnappings and disappearances of prominent members of the opposition and massive social oppression, Gasteazoro began to live a double life. As an operative in a faction of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), she organized safe houses for fellow activists and proved adept at creative content, handling whatever task was required, for example, writing for an underground radio station and producing what became an award-winning documentary film. In 1981, the notorious National Guard arrested and tortured her, and she was then sent to the women's prison at Illopango. There, she and other activists dedicated their days to organizing through the Committee of Salvadoran Political Prisoners (COPPES). Gasteazoro's love affairs, including with fellow operatives, are woven into the narrative. Accounts of the relationships help reveal her as extraordinary woman in extraordinary times who lived to the fullest in both body and spirit"--

From Popular to Insurgent Intellectuals

Author : Leigh Binford
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 1978833709
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (788 download)

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Book Synopsis From Popular to Insurgent Intellectuals by : Leigh Binford

Download or read book From Popular to Insurgent Intellectuals written by Leigh Binford and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-09 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Popular to Insurgent Intellectuals explains how a group of Catholic lay catechists educated in liberation theology came to take up arms and participate on the side of the rebel FMLN during El Salvador’s revolutionary war (1980-92). In the process they became transformed from popular intellectuals to insurgent intellectuals who put their organizational and cognitive skills at the service of a collective effort to create a more egalitarian and democratic society. The book highlights the key roles that peasant catechists in northern Morazán played in disseminating liberation theology before the war and supporting the FMLN during it—as quartermasters, political activists, and musicians, among other roles. Throughout, From Popular to Insurgent Intellectuals highlights the dialectical nature of relations between Catholic priests and urban revolutionaries, among others, in which the latter learned from the former and vice-versa. Peasant catechists proved capable at making independent decisions based on assessment of their needs and did not simply follow the dictates of those with superior authority, and played an important role for the duration of the twelve-year military conflict.

The Oxford Handbook of Central American History

Author : Robert Holden
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190928360
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Central American History by : Robert Holden

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Central American History written by Robert Holden and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpreting the History of a Region in Crisis / Robert H. Holden -- Land and Climate: Natural Constraints and Socio-Environmental Transformations / Anthony Goebel McDermott -- Regaining Ground: Indigenous Populations and Territories / Peter H. Herlihy, Matthew L. Fahrenbruch, Taylor A. Tappan -- The Ancient Civilizations / William R. Fowler -- Marginalization, Assimilation, and Resurgence: The Indigenous Peoples since Independence / Wolfgang Gabbert -- The Spanish Conquest? / Laura E. Matthew -- Spanish Colonial Rule / Stephen Webre -- The Kingdom of Guatemala as a Cultural Crossroads / Brianna Leavitt-Alcántara -- From Kingdom to Republics, 1808-1840 / Aaron Pollack -- The Political Economy / Robert G. Williams -- State Making and Nation Building / David Díaz Arias -- Central America and the United States / Michel Gobat -- The Cold War: Authoritarianism, Empire, and Social Revolution / Joaquín M. Chávez -- Central America since the 1990s: Crime, Violence, and the Pursuit of Democracy / Christine J. Wade -- The Rise and Retreat of the Armed Forces / Orlando J. Pérez and Randy Pestana -- Religion, Politics, and the State / Bonar L. Hernández Sandoval -- Women and Citizenship: Feminist and Suffragist Movements, 1880-1957 / Eugenia Rodríguez Sáenz -- Literature, Society, and Politics / Werner Mackenbach -- Guatemala / David Carey Jr. -- Honduras / Dario A. Euraque -- El Salvador / Erik Ching -- Nicaragua / Julie A. Charlip -- Costa Rica / Iván Molina -- Panama / Michael E. Donoghue -- Belize / Mark Moberg.

Law and Religion in a Secular Age

Author : Rafael Domingo
Publisher : CUA Press
ISBN 13 : 0813237297
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Law and Religion in a Secular Age by : Rafael Domingo

Download or read book Law and Religion in a Secular Age written by Rafael Domingo and published by CUA Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law and Religion in a Secular Age seeks to restore the connection between spirituality and justice, religion and law, theology and jurisprudence, and natural law and positive law by building a new bridge suitable for pluralistic societies in the secular age. The author argues for a multidimensional view of reality that includes legal, political, moral, and spiritual dimensions of human nature and society. Each of these dimensions of life needs to recognize the existence, influence, and function of the others, which act as a filter or check on the excesses of each other. This multidimensionality of reality clarifies why no legal theory can fully account for law from the legal dimension alone, just as no moral theory makes perfect sense of morality from the moral dimension?and, for that matter, nothing in physics can fully interpret the physical dimension of reality. The premises of a legal system cannot be fully explained by the legal dimension alone because the fundamental conditions and qualities of justice, freedom, and dignity touch all the dimensions of reality in which the human person acts, including the moral and the spiritual, not just the legal. Building on this multidimensional theory of reality, the author explores the core differences and the essential interconnections between law, morality, religion, and spirituality and some of the legal implications of these connections. Rafael Domingo reminds readers of the vital role of religion in shaping the conceptual framework of Western legal systems, underscores the spirit of Christianity that inspired legal institutions, principles, and values, and recalls the contributions of specific Christian jurists as central figures for the development of justice in society. Law and Religion in a Secular Age aims to be a valuable antidote against the dominant legal positivism that has cornered public morality, the defiant secularism that has marginalized religion, and any other legal doctrine that diminishes the spiritual dimension of law and justice.

Masters of War

Author : Clara Nieto
Publisher : Seven Stories Press
ISBN 13 : 1609800494
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Masters of War by : Clara Nieto

Download or read book Masters of War written by Clara Nieto and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2011-01-04 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Masters of War, Clara Nieto adeptly presents the parallel histories of the countries of Latin America, histories that are intertwined, each reflecting the United States’ "coherent policy of intervention" set into motion by the Monroe Doctrine. As the value of this continued policy comes increasingly into question, Nieto argues for the need to evaluate the alarming precedent set in Latin America: the institution of client dictatorships, the roles played by the interests of U.S. corporations, the enormous tolls taken on civilian populations, and the irreversible disruption of regional stability. Drawing from an impressive array of documents and sources as well as from her unique first-hand insights as a participant in crucial meetings and negotiations in the region from the mid-1960s through the mid-1980s, Nieto chronicles the Cuban Revolution, the CIA-sponsored coup against popularly elected President Allende in Chile, the U.S. invasions of Panama and Grenada, U.S. support for the cultivation and training of paramilitary death squads in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Colombia, as well as similarly severe but less well-known situations in other countries such as Uruguay, Venezuela, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Honduras, and Guatemala. Masters of War offers, from an informed perspective, perhaps for the first time, a distanced, objective analysis of recent Latin American history. Clara Nieto’s depth of knowledge and understanding is an invaluable resource at a time when the media is seen as unapologetically aligned with the interests of major corporations and policymakers, and the American public has reached a new height of apprehension regarding the intentions behind and consequences of its government’s policies.