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The Rye Genome
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Book Synopsis The Rye Genome by : M. Timothy Rabanus-Wallace
Download or read book The Rye Genome written by M. Timothy Rabanus-Wallace and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book celebrates the dawn of the rye genomics era with concise, comprehensive, and accessible reviews on the current state of rye genomic research, written by experts in the field for students, researchers and growers. To most, rye is the key ingredient in a flavoursome bread or their favourite American whisky. To a farmer, rye is the remarkable grain that tolerates the harshest winters and the most unforgiving soils, befitting its legacy as the life-giving seed that fed the ancient civilisations of northern Eurasia. Since the mid-1900s, scientists have employed genetic approaches to better understand and utilize rye, but only since the technological advances of the mid-2010s has the possibility of addressing questions using rye genome assemblies become a reality. Alongside the secret of its unique survival abilities, rye genomics has accelerated research on a host of intriguing topics such as the complex history of rye’s domestication by humans, the nature of genes that switch fertility on and off, the function and origin of accessory chromosomes, and the evolution of selfish DNA.
Book Synopsis Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae by : Catherine Feuillet
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae written by Catherine Feuillet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing of the model plant genomes such as those of A. thaliana and rice has revolutionized our understanding of plant biology but it has yet to translate into the improvement of major crop species such as maize, wheat, or barley. Moreover, the comparative genomic studies in cereals that have been performed in the past decade have revealed the limits of conservation between rice and the other cereal genomes. This has necessitated the development of genomic resources and programs for maize, sorghum, wheat, and barley to serve as the foundation for future genome sequencing and the acceleration of genomic based improvement of these critically important crops. Cereals constitute over 50% of total crop production worldwide (http://www.fao.org/) and cereal seeds are one of the most important renewable resources for food, feed, and industrial raw materials. Crop species of the Triticeae tribe that comprise wheat, barley, and rye are essential components of human and domestic animal nutrition. With 17% of all crop area, wheat is the staple food for 40% of the world’s population, while barley ranks fifth in the world production. Their domestication in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 years ago ushered in the beginning of agriculture and signified an important breakthrough in the advancement of civilization. Rye is second after wheat among grains most commonly used in the production of bread and is also very important for mixed animal feeds. It can be cultivated in poor soils and climates that are generally not suitable for other cereals. Extensive genetics and cytogenetics studies performed in the Triticeae species over the last 50 years have led to the characterization of their chromosomal composition and origins and have supported intensive work to create new genetic resources. Cytogenetic studies in wheat have allowed the identification and characterization of the different homoeologous genomes and have demonstrated the utility of studying wheat genome evolution as a model for the analysis of polyploidization, a major force in the evolution of the eukaryotic genomes. Barley with its diploid genome shows high collinearity with the other Triticeae genomes and therefore serves as a good template for supporting genomic analyses in the wheat and rye genomes. The knowledge gained from genetic studies in the Triticeae has also been used to produce Triticale, the first human made hybrid crop that results from a cross between wheat and rye and combines the nutrition quality and productivity of wheat with the ruggedness of rye. Despite the economic importance of the Triticeae species and the need for accelerated crop improvement based on genomics studies, the size (1.7 Gb for the bread wheat genome, i.e., 5x the human genome and 40 times the rice genome), high repeat content (>80%), and complexity (polyploidy in wheat) of their genomes often have been considered too challenging for efficient molecular analysis and genetic improvement in these species. Consequently, Triticeae genomics has lagged behind the genomic advances of other cereal crops for many years. Recently, however, the situation has changed dramatically and robust genomic programs can be established in the Triticeae as a result of the convergence of several technology developments that have led to new, more efficient scientific capabilities and resources such as whole-genome and chromosome-specific BAC libraries, extensive EST collections, transformation systems, wild germplasm and mutant collections, as well as DNA chips. Currently, the Triticeae genomics "toolbox" is comprised of: - 9 publicly available BAC libraries from diploid (5), tetraploid (1) and hexaploid (3) wheat; 3 publicly available BAC libraries from barley and one BAC library from rye; - 3 wheat chromosome specific BAC libraries; - DNA chips including commercially available first generation chips from AFFYMETRIX containing 55’000 wheat and 22,000 barley genes; - A large number of wheat and barley genetic maps that are saturated by a significant number of markers; - The largest plant EST collection with 870’000 wheat ESTs, 440’000 barley ESTs and about 10’000 rye ESTs; - Established protocols for stable transformation by biolistic and agrobacterium as well as a transient expression system using VIGS in wheat and barley; and - Large collections of well characterized cultivated and wild genetic resources. International consortia, such as the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI), have advanced synergies in the Triticeae genetics community in the development of additional mapping populations and markers that have led to a dramatic improvement in the resolution of the genetic maps and the amount of molecular markers in the three species resulting in the accelerated utilization of molecular markers in selection programs. Together, with the development of the genomic resources, the isolation of the first genes of agronomic interest by map-based cloning has been enabled and has proven the feasibility of forging the link between genotype and phenotype in the Triticeae species. Moreover, the first analyses of BAC sequences from wheat and barley have allowed preliminary characterizations of their genome organization and composition as well as the first inter- and intra-specific comparative genomic studies. These later have revealed important evolutionary mechanisms (e.g. unequal crossing over, illegitimate recombination) that have shaped the wheat and barley genomes during their evolution. These breakthroughs have demonstrated the feasibility of developing efficient genomic studies in the Triticeae and have led to the recent establishment of the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) (http//:www.wheatgenome.org) and the International Barley Sequencing Consortium (www.isbc.org) that aim to sequence, respectively, the hexaploid wheat and barley genomes to accelerate gene discovery and crop improvement in the next decade. Large projects aiming at the establishment of the physical maps as well as a better characterization of their composition and organization through large scale random sequencing projects have been initiated already. Concurrently, a number of projects have been launched to develop high throughput functional genomics in wheat and barley. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses of traits of agronomic importance, such as quality, disease resistance, drought, and salt tolerance, are underway in both species. Combined with the development of physical maps, efficient gene isolation will be enabled and improved sequencing technologies and reduced sequencing costs will permit ultimately genome sequencing and access to the entire wheat and barley gene regulatory elements repertoire. Because rye is closely related to wheat and barley in Triticeae evolution, the latest developments in wheat and barley genomics will be of great use for developing rye genomics and for providing tools for rye improvement. Finally, a new model for temperate grasses has emerged in the past year with the development of the genetics and genomics (including a 8x whole genome shotgun sequencing project) of Brachypodium, a member of the Poeae family that is more closely related to the Triticeae than rice and can provide valuable information for supporting Triticeae genomics in the near future. These recent breakthroughs have yet to be reviewed in a single source of literature and current handbooks on wheat, barley, or rye are dedicated mainly to progress in genetics. In "Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae", we will aim to comprehensively review the recent progress in the development of structural and functional genomics tools in the Triticeae species and review the understanding of wheat, barley, and rye biology that has resulted from these new resources as well as to illuminate how this new found knowledge can be applied for the improvement of these essential species. The book will be the seventh volume in the ambitious series of books, Plant Genetics and Genomics (Richard A. Jorgensen, series editor) that will attempt to bring the field up-to-date on the genetics and genomics of important crop plants and genetic models. It is our hope that the publication will be a useful and timely tool for researchers and students alike working with the Triticeae.
Download or read book Rye written by Rolf H. J. Schlegel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-10 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to its considerable winter hardiness, rye is a cereal that played a major role in the feeding of European populations throughout the Middle Ages. Recent data shows that rye is grown on about 5.4 million hectares, with a world production of approximately 13 million tons. While still an important bread food in many countries, rye produced for bread making has decreased or stagnated, whereas production is increasing for other market segments. Particularly, rye for feeding, ethanol processing, and biogas is promoted in Europe. The first comprehensive monograph on rye, Rye: Genetics, Breeding, and Cultivation gathers all the relevant and historic information from botany and genetics to utilization and sustainability of rye. The book covers taxonomy, morphology, and other botany-related aspects of rye. It describes its physiology, cytology, and genetics, including use for genetic improvement of other cereals. The author addresses various types of breeding such as population, hybrid, and molecular breeding. He also discusses rye cropping, including seeding techniques, fungal and viral diseases, and predators. The book examines the various uses for rye beyond bread making. This includes feeding, biomass and biogas production, ethanol production, and other important characteristics such as phytosterol content and antioxidant activity. It also explores the nutritional value of rye. Written by a leading expert in the field, this monograph compiles the most important facets of rye research, past and present.
Download or read book The Barley Genome written by Nils Stein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-18 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in barley genome analysis, covering all aspects of sequencing the genome and translating this important information into new knowledge in basic and applied crop plant biology and new tools for research and crop improvement. Unlimited access to a high-quality reference sequence is removing one of the major constraints in basic and applied research. This book summarizes the advanced knowledge of the composition of the barley genome, its genes and the much larger non-coding part of the genome, and how this information facilitates studying the specific characteristics of barley. One of the oldest domesticated crops, barley is the small grain cereal species that is best adapted to the highest altitudes and latitudes, and it exhibits the greatest tolerance to most abiotic stresses. With comprehensive access to the genome sequence, barley’s importance as a genetic model in comparative studies on crop species like wheat, rye, oats and even rice is likely to increase.
Book Synopsis Cytogenetics of Rye (Secale Spp.) by : S. K. Jain
Download or read book Cytogenetics of Rye (Secale Spp.) written by S. K. Jain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rye first appeared rather late in the history of human civilization. The oldest archaeological records of rye date from the Hallstatt period in Silesia, Thuringia and Westfalia and from the Lacene period. After the pioneering work of N. 1. V AVILOV on the origin of cultivated plants three broad classes came in recognition: wild, weedy and cultivated rye. As a crop, rye is most winterhardy of all cereals so that in Northern Europe its cultivation reaches beyond the Arctic circle in Finland. While Soviet Russia contributes most to the total world production, in Finland, Poland, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands and Belgium also its rank is high among grain crops. It is striking to note that for the past many years, research on practical agronomical and breeding problems has been quite active in these countries and current ly attempts to improve rye are being made on modern lines. Some of the main problems in this field concern with the development of hybrid varieties, improvement of autotetraploid fertility, use of best pollina tion procedures to obtain highly self-fertile lines and the transfer of rye characters to wheat as such or in the form of amphiploid Triticales. In Russia, however, the Michurinist agrobiologists are primarily engaged in the study of interspecific conversions, branched ear types and nutritional methods of improving varieties, and perhaps this is one reason of only little having been known about rye genetics.
Book Synopsis A Genetic Study of Wheat X Rye Hybrids and Back Crosses by : Victor Homer Florell
Download or read book A Genetic Study of Wheat X Rye Hybrids and Back Crosses written by Victor Homer Florell and published by . This book was released on 1931 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cereal Genomics written by P. K. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-12-20 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first of its kind, where twenty chapters written by experts of international repute, cover all aspects of cereal genomics research. In recent years genomics has become a thrust area of research in life sciences, and cereals, being the most important group of crops, their genomes have been subjected to intensive/extensive analyses. The knowledge and the products generated through cereal genomics research are already being used for plant breeding through both, the marker assisted selection (MAS) and transgenic cereals. The areas covered in this book include, development and use of all kinds of molecular markers (including SNPs), construction and use of molecular maps, study of population genetics and domestication of cereals using tools of genomics research, structural and functional genomics (including whole genome sequencing in Arabidopsis and rice), comparative genomics, QTLs (including epistatic and e-QTLs) and genes for resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, marker assisted selection (MAS), map-based cloning of genes/QTLs and the use of genomics research for crop improvement. The book, therefore, should prove useful not only for students and teachers, but also for the young research workers, who are starting their research career in the field of cereal genomics.
Book Synopsis Applications of Genetic and Genomic Research in Cereals by : Thomas Miedaner
Download or read book Applications of Genetic and Genomic Research in Cereals written by Thomas Miedaner and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Genetic and Genomic Research in Cereals covers new techniques for practical breeding, also discussing genetic and genomic approaches for improving special traits. Additional sections cover drought tolerance, biotic stress, biomass production, the impact of modern techniques on practical breeding, hybrid breeding, genetic diversity, and genomic selection. Written by an international team of top academics and edited by an expert in the field, this book will be of value to academics working in the agricultural sciences and essential reading for professionals working in plant breeding. Provides in-depth and comprehensive coverage of a rapidly developing field Presents techniques used in genetic and genomics research, with coverage of genotyping, gene cloning, genome editing and engineering and phenotyping in various cereals Includes the latest genetic and genomic approaches for improving special traits - drought tolerance, biotic stress and biomass production Covers breeding practices, with chapters on the genetic diversity of wheat, hybrid breeding and the potential of rye and barley crops
Book Synopsis Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field by : Yasunari Ogihara
Download or read book Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field written by Yasunari Ogihara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.
Book Synopsis Wheat, Barley, Rice, Rye and Oat Genome Mapping by : Sarah Ranck
Download or read book Wheat, Barley, Rice, Rye and Oat Genome Mapping written by Sarah Ranck and published by . This book was released on 1996-02-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following terms were used in this search gene mapping, genetic mapping, genome mapping, linkage mapping, physical mapping, molecular mapping, RFLP mapping, chromosome mapping, quantitative trait loci, etc. Includes the following information for the sponsored projects: title, investigators, performing organization, location of performing organization, objectives, and approach. The bibliography includes abstracts.
Download or read book Advances in Genetics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1982-03-17 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Genetics
Download or read book Plant Cytogenetics written by Hank Bass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book provides information on plant cytogenetics for students, instructors, and researchers. Topics covered by international experts include classical cytogenetics of plant genomes; plant chromosome structure; functional, molecular cytology; and genome dynamics. In addition, chapters are included on several methods in plant cytogenetics, informatics, and even laboratory exercises for aspiring or practiced instructors. The book provides a unique combination of historical and modern subject matter, revealing the central role of plant cytogenetics in plant genetics and genomics as currently practiced. This breadth of coverage, together with the inclusion of methods and instruction, is intended to convey a deep and useful appreciation for plant cytogenetics. We hope it will inform and inspire students, researchers, and teachers to continue to employ plant cytogenetics to address fundamental questions about the cytology of plant chromosomes and genomes for years to come. Hank W. Bass is a Professor in the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University. James A. Birchler is a Professor in the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Missouri.
Book Synopsis Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement by : Ram J. Singh
Download or read book Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement written by Ram J. Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-01-13 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizing landmark research, Volume 2 of this essential series furnishes information on the availability of germplasm resources that breeders can exploit for producing high-yielding cereal crop varieties. Written by leading international experts, this volume offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date information on employing genetic resources t
Book Synopsis Small-Scale Grain Raising by : Gene Logsdon
Download or read book Small-Scale Grain Raising written by Gene Logsdon and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05-12 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1977, this book—from one of America’s most famous and prolific agricultural writers—became an almost instant classic among homestead gardeners and small farmers. Now fully updated and available once more, Small-Scale Grain Raising offers a entirely new generation of readers the best introduction to a wide range of both common and lesser-known specialty grains and related field crops, from corn, wheat, and rye to buckwheat, millet, rice, spelt, flax, and even beans and sunflowers. More and more Americans are seeking out locally grown foods, yet one of the real stumbling blocks to their efforts has been finding local sources for grains, which are grown mainly on large, distant corporate farms. At the same time, commodity prices for grains—and the products made from them—have skyrocketed due to rising energy costs and increased demand. In this book, Gene Logsdon proves that anyone who has access to a large garden or small farm can (and should) think outside the agribusiness box and learn to grow healthy whole grains or beans—the base of our culinary food pyramid—alongside their fruits and vegetables. Starting from the simple but revolutionary concept of the garden “pancake patch,” Logsdon opens up our eyes to a whole world of plants that we wrongly assume only the agricultural “big boys” can grow. He succinctly covers all the basics, from planting and dealing with pests, weeds, and diseases to harvesting, processing, storing, and using whole grains. There are even a few recipes sprinkled throughout, along with more than a little wit and wisdom. Never has there been a better time, or a more receptive audience, for this book. Localvores, serious home gardeners, CSA farmers, and whole-foods advocates—in fact, all people who value fresh, high-quality foods—will find a field full of information and ideas in this once and future classic.
Download or read book Proteomics and Systems Biology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteomics and Systems Biology, Volume 127 in the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series, outlines current proteomic methodologies and discuss the challenges in future applications of systems biology in a number of biomedical/bioscience subjects. In last few decades, advances in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, venomics, etc., have produced vast large-scale datasets that need to be analyzed with a single main objective of understanding biological systems as a whole. Such understanding will allow us to predict and characterize the dynamic properties of biological systems. Integrates experimental and computational methods for understanding biological systems as a whole Contains timely chapters written by well-renowned authorities in their field Includes well supported content that is accompanied by a number of high-quality illustrations, figures and tables, hence it targets a wide audience of specialists, researchers and students
Book Synopsis Triticale: Today and Tomorrow by : Henrique Guedes-Pinto
Download or read book Triticale: Today and Tomorrow written by Henrique Guedes-Pinto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 837 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Triticale's days as a scientific curiosity are definitely over. Its wide acceptance as a feed, grain or forage crop, or for baking and malting, plus its high yields under marginal or stress conditions have made it an economically important crop in countries such as Poland, Germany, Australia, Portugal, Brazil, Morocco and China. This publication contains selected, reviewed, and up-to-date papers presented at the Third International Triticale Symposium held in Lisbon, Portugal, by the International Triticale Association and EUCARPIA. Among the broad spectrum of subjects addressed in these presentations are cytogenetics, biotechnology, genetic resources, breeding, agronomic practices and diseases. Also included are triticale's food, feed and forage uses, as well as its marketing processes. In a world of increasing population and decreasing agricultural resources, triticale offers a genuine solution for increasing land utilization and grain production.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, 24-29 August 2008, Brisbane, Qld., Australia by : Rudi Appels
Download or read book Proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, 24-29 August 2008, Brisbane, Qld., Australia written by Rudi Appels and published by Sydney University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers herein are volume 2 of the proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, held in Brisbane, Australia, in 2008. The series presents the science of the genetic sciences applied to bread and durum wheats and other species.
