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Author : Christopher C. Goldthorpe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789814722308
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (223 download)
Download or read book Rubber Manufacturing in Malaysia written by Christopher C. Goldthorpe and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : AnilK. Bhowmick
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351417894
Total Pages : 932 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)
Download or read book Rubber Products Manufacturing Technology written by AnilK. Bhowmick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides authoritative coverage of compounding, mixing, calendering, extrusion, vulcanization, rubber bonding, computer-aided design and manufacturing, automation and control using microprocessors, just-in-time technology and rubber plant waste disposal.
Author : NIIR Board of Consultants and Engineers
Publisher : ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc.
ISBN 13 : 8178331624
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (783 download)
Download or read book The Complete Book on Rubber Processing and Compounding Technology (with Machinery Details) 2nd Revised Edition written by NIIR Board of Consultants and Engineers and published by ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc.. This book was released on 2010-02-05 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of rubber and rubber products is a large and diverse industry. The rubber product manufacturing industry is basically divided into two major sectors: tyre and non-tyre. The tyre sector produces all types of automotive and nonautomotive tyres whereas the non-tyre sector produces high technology and sophisticated products like conveyor belts , rubber seals etc. The wide range of rubber products manufactured by the rubber industry comprises all types of heavy duty earth moving tyres, auto tyres, tubes, automobile parts, footwear, beltings etc. The rubber industry has been growing tremendously over the years. The future of the rubber industry is tied to the global economy. Rapidly growing automotive sector in developing economies and increased demand for high-performance tyres are expected to contribute to the growth of the global industrial rubber market. The current scenario reveals that there is a tremendous scope for the development of rubber processing industries. The global market for industrial rubber products is projected to increase 5.8 % per year. Investment in rubber industry is expected to offer significant opportunities in the near future and realizing returns to investors willing to explore this sector. This book deals with all aspects of rubber processing; mixing, milling, extrusion and molding, reclaiming and manufacturing process of rubber products. The major contents of the book are rubbers materials and processing, mixing technology of rubber, techniques of vulcanization, rubber vulcanization, rubber compounding, rubber reclaiming, manufacture of rubber products, latex and foam rubber, silicone rubber, polybutadiene and polyisoprene, styrene butadiene rubber, rubber natural etc. The book contains addresses of plant & machinery suppliers with their Photographs. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of rubber processing technology. TAGS Basic compounding and processing of rubber, Best small and cottage scale industries, Business guidance for rubber processing, Business guidance for rubber compounding, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business plan on Rubber, Business start-up, How is rubber made?, How to Start a Rubber business?, How to Start a Rubber Production Business, How to start a successful Rubber Processing business, How to Start Rubber processing Business, How to Start Rubber Processing Industry in India, Manufacture of Rubber Products, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Rubber Processing Business Ideas, Natural Rubber Processing Line, Natural rubber processing method, Natural Rubber Processing, New small scale ideas in Rubber processing industry, Opportunities in Rubber industries for new business, Processing and Profiting from Rubber, Processing methods for rubber materials, Profitable Rubber Business Ideas Small Scale Manufacturing, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Rubber Manufacturing, Rubber and Rubber Products, Rubber based Industries processing, Rubber Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Rubber business plan, Rubber Chemistry, Rubber compounding, Rubber Compounding & Mixing, Rubber compounding ingredients, Rubber compounding method, Rubber compounding process, Rubber compounding technology, Rubber Extrusion, Rubber Materials, Rubber mixing process, Rubber Mixing, Rubber Principles, Rubber processing, Rubber Processing & Rubber Based Profitable Projects, Rubber Processing and Profiting, Rubber Processing Business, Rubber Processing Industry in India, Rubber processing methods, Rubber Processing Projects, Rubber processing technology, Rubber Products manufacturing, Rubber Products, Rubber Reclaiming, Rubber technology, Rubber Technology and Manufacturing Process of Rubber Products, Rubber Vulcanization, Rubbers: materials and processing technology, Setting up of Rubber Processing Units, Small scale manufacturing business in rubber industry, Small Scale Rubber Processing Projects, Small scale Rubber production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting a Rubber Processing Business, Startup, Start-up Business Plan for Rubber Processing, Startup ideas, Startup Project, Startup Project for Rubber processing and compounding, Startup project plan, Steps in processing of rubber, Vulcanization of rubber, Vulcanization of rubber compounds, Vulcanized rubber properties, Rubber processing and compounding
Author : John S. Dick
Publisher : Hanser Pub Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9781569905371
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Raw Materials Supply Chain for Rubber Products written by John S. Dick and published by Hanser Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rubber industry is a vital part of the world economy. In this age of constantly changing economics and raw material "shortages of the week," this book should help the reader understand the overall technical and economic problems that are emerging which are beginning to affect the overall availability of many raw materials, chemical intermediates and final rubber products on the world scene. This book is truly unique in that it is the only one that traces all the important organic and inorganic synthesis routes for the manufacture of synthetic rubbers, various fillers, plasticizers, oils, curatives, antidegradants, adhesion promoters, flame retardants, tackifiers, and blowing agents through their respective intermediates to the base raw materials from earth extractions and agriculture.
Author : Shinzo Kohjiya
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128188448
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber written by Shinzo Kohjiya and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber, Second Edition presents the latest advances in the processing, properties and advanced applications of natural rubber (NR), drawing on state-of-the-art research in the field. Chapters cover manufacturing, processing and properties of natural rubber, describing biosynthesis, vulcanization for improved performance, strain-induced crystallization, self-reinforcement, rheology and mechanochemistry for processing, computer simulation of properties, scattering techniques and stabilizing agents. Applications covered include natural rubber, carbon allotropes, eco-friendly soft bio-composites using NR matrices and marine products, the use of NR for high functionality such as shape memory, NR for the tire industry, and natural rubber latex with advanced applications. This is an essential resource for academic researchers, scientists and (post)graduate students in rubber science, polymer science, materials science and engineering, and chemistry. In industry, this book enables professionals, R&D, and producers across the natural rubber, tire, rubber and elastomer industries, as well as across industries looking to use natural rubber products, to understand and utilize natural rubber for cutting-edge applications. - Explains the latest manufacture and processing techniques for natural rubber (NR) with enhanced properties - Explores novel applications of natural rubber across a range of industries, including current and potential uses - Discusses resources and utilization, and considers sustainable future development of natural rubber
Author : M. Morton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401729255
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Rubber Technology written by M. Morton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About ten years after the publication of the Second Edition (1973), it became apparent that it was time for an up-date of this book. This was especially true in this case, since the subject matter has traditionally dealt mainly with the structure, properties, and technology of the various elastomers used in industry, and these are bound to undergo significant changes over the period of a decade. In revising the contents of this volume, it was thought best to keep the orig inal format. Hence the first five chapters discuss the same general subject matter as before. The chapters dealing with natural rubber and the synthetic elastomers are up-dated, and an entirely new chapter has been added on the thermoplastic elastomers, which have, of course, grown tremendously in importance. Another innovation is the addition of a new chapter, "Miscellaneous Elastomers," to take care of "old" elastomers, e.g., polysulfides, which have decreased some what in importance, as well as to introduce some of the newly-developed syn thetic rubbers which have not yet reached high production levels. The editor wishes to express his sincere appreciation to all the contributors, without whose close cooperation this task would have been impossible. He would especially like to acknowledge the invaluable assistance of Dr. Howard Stephens in the planning of this book, and for his suggestion of suitable authors.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)
Download or read book Earnings in the Rubber Products Manufacturing Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eiri
Publisher : Engineers India Research In
ISBN 13 : 8186732594
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (867 download)
Download or read book Technology Of Rubber And Rubber Goods Industries written by Eiri and published by Engineers India Research In. This book was released on 2007 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers Almost All The Basic And Advanced Details To Set Up Own Rubber Goods Industries. The New Addition Of The Book Is Covering Latest Technology Inc Luding Natural Rubber, Classification, Properties, Uses And Manufacture, Latex Processing And Application; Chemical Aspects Of Rubber Technology, Physical Aspects Of Rubber Technology, Styrene Butadince Rubber (Sbr); Butyl And Halobutyl Rubbers; Nitrile And Polyacrelic Rubber, Neoprene (Polychloroprene) And Hypalon Rubber, Silicon Ruber, Relaim Rubber, Elastometric Composites With Reference To Tyre Techology, Latex And Foam Rubber, Vulcanisation, Manufacturing Techniques Of Rubber Products, Recycling Of Wastes From Rubbers And Plastics, Useful Information, Quality Control In Rubber Industry, Supliers Of Lant And Equipment, Supppliers Of Raw Materails. The Book Has Been Written For The Benifit And To Prove An Asset And A Handy Reference Guide In The Hands Of New Entrepreneures And Well Established Industrialists.
Author : Keiichi Tsunekawa
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811328595
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Emerging States at Crossroads written by Keiichi Tsunekawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND license. This volume analyzes the economic, social, and political challenges that emerging states confront today. Notwithstanding the growing importance of the ‘emerging states’ in global affairs and governance, many problems requiring immediate solutions have emerged at home largely as a consequence of the rapid economic development and associated sociopolitical changes. The middle-income trap is a major economic challenge faced by emerging states. This volume regards interest coordination for technological upgrading as crucial to avoid the trap and examines how various emerging states are grappling with this challenge by fostering public-private cooperation, voluntary associations of market players, and/or social networks. Social disparity is another serious problem. It is deeply rooted in history in the emerging states such as South Africa and many Latin American countries. However, income distribution is recently deteriorating even in East Asia that was once praised for its high economic growth with equity. Increasing pressure for political opening is another challenge for emerging states. This volume argues that the economic, social, and political problems are interwoven in the sense that the emerging states need to build political consensus in order to tackle the economic and social difficulties. Democratic institutions have not always been successful in this respect.
Author : Shrikant P. Athavale
Publisher : Notion Press
ISBN 13 : 1644290073
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (442 download)
Download or read book Hand Book of Rubber Formulations written by Shrikant P. Athavale and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core content of this book is derived from the author’s experience as a Senior Technocrat, associated with the rubber industry in the aspects of Production, R&D and new plant erection and commissioning. This book is dedicated to a variety of Rubber Starting Point Formulations that could be very useful for the rubber industry. The rubber industry is an important resource-based industry in India. Over many decades, the rubber industry has witnessed steady and strong growth. Rubber can be processed in many ways to manufacture a wide range of products. This book provides the starting point formulations that cover the manufacturing processes of rubber products such as calendaring, extrusion and molding. Thus, the book is very useful for new entrepreneurs, existing units, technical institutions and technocrats. These formulations are based on General Compounding Principles and properties such as Tensile Strength, Tear Resistance, The Crescent Tear Test, The Hardness of Rubber, Abrasion Resistance, Flex Cracking Resistance, Resilience, Heat Build-up, and Temperature Resistance. The formulations are aimed at products like Retreading Materials, Conveyor Belting, Transmission Belting and Hose, Footwear, Rubber Roller, Medical Applications, O rings and Seals, Rubber Blends and Manufacture of Latex Products.
Author : Saikat Das Gupta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0849373166
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (493 download)
Download or read book Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products written by Saikat Das Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse engineering is widely practiced in the rubber industry. Companies routinely analyze competitors’ products to gather information about specifications or compositions. In a competitive market, introducing new products with better features and at a faster pace is critical for any manufacturer. Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques explains the principles and science behind rubber formulation development by reverse engineering methods. The book describes the tools and analytical techniques used to discover which materials and processes were used to produce a particular vulcanized rubber compound from a combination of raw rubber, chemicals, and pigments. A Compendium of Chemical, Analytical, and Physical Test Methods Organized into five chapters, the book first reviews the construction of compounding ingredients and formulations, from elastomers, fillers, and protective agents to vulcanizing chemicals and processing aids. It then discusses chemical and analytical methods, including infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, chromatography, and microscopy. It also examines physical test methods for visco-elastic behavior, heat aging, hardness, and other features. A chapter presents important reverse engineering concepts. In addition, the book includes a wide variety of case studies of formula reconstruction, covering large products such as tires and belts as well as smaller products like seals and hoses. Get Practical Insights on Reverse Engineering from the Book’s Case Studies Combining scientific principles and practical advice, this book brings together helpful insights on reverse engineering in the rubber industry. It is an invaluable reference for scientists, engineers, and researchers who want to produce comparative benchmark information, discover formulations used throughout the industry, improve product performance, and shorten the product development cycle.
Author : James E. Mark
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080456014
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Science and Technology of Rubber written by James E. Mark and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science and Technology of Rubber, Third Edition provides a broad survey of elastomers with special emphasis on materials with a rubber-like elasticity. As in the 2nd edition, the emphasis remains on a unified treatment of the material; exploring topics from the chemical aspects such as elastomer synthesis and curing, through recent theoretical developments and characterization of equilibrium and dynamic properties, to the final applications of rubber, including tire engineering and manufacturing. Many advances have been made in polymer and elastomers research over the past ten years since the 2nd edition was published. Updated material stresses the continuous relationship between the ongoing research in synthesis, physics, structure and mechanics of rubber technology and industrial applications. Special attention is paid to recent advances in rubber-like elasticity theory and new processing techniques for elastomers. This new edition is comprised of 20% new material, including a new chapter on environmental issues and tire recycling.
Author : Robert K. Flitney
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008099413X
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Seals and Sealing Handbook written by Robert K. Flitney and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-13 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seals and Sealing Handbook, Sixth Edition provides comprehensive coverage of sealing technology, bringing together information on all aspects of this area to enable you to make the right sealing choice. This includes detailed coverage on the seals applicable to static, rotary and reciprocating applications, the best materials to use in your sealing systems, and the legislature and regulations that may impact your sealing choices.Updated in line with current trends this updated reference provides the theory necessary for you to select the most appropriate seals for the job and with its 'Failure Guide', the factors to consider should anything go wrong. Building on the practical, stepped approach of its predecessor, Seals and Sealing Handbook, 6th Edition remains an essential reference for any engineer or designer who uses seals in their work. - A comprehensive reference covering a broad range of seal types for all situations, to ensure that you are able to select the most appropriate seal for any given task - Includes supporting case studies and a unique 'Failure Guide' to help you troubleshoot if things go wrong - New edition includes the most up-to-date information on sealing technology, making it an essential reference for anyone who uses seals in their work
Author : Stephen Nugent
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351717944
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)
Download or read book The Rise and Fall of the Amazon Rubber Industry written by Stephen Nugent and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-05 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this engaging book, Stephen Nugent offers an in-depth historical anthropology of a widely recognised feature of the Amazon region, examining the dramatic rise and fall of the rubber industry. He considers rubber in the Amazon from the perspective of a long-term extractive industry that linked remote forest tappers to technical innovations central to the industrial transformation of Europe and North America, emphasizing the links between the social landscape of Amazonia and the global economy. Through a critical examination focused on the rubber industry, Nugent addresses myths that continue to influence perceptions of Amazonia. The book challenges widely held assumptions about the hyper-naturalism of the ‘lost world’ of the Amazon where ‘the challenge of the tropics’ is still to be faced and the ‘frontiers of development’ are still to be settled. It is relevant for students and scholars of anthropology, Latin American studies, history, political ecology, geography and development studies.
Author : United States. Department of Labor. Wage and Hour Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Minimum Wages in the Rubber Products Manufacturing Industry written by United States. Department of Labor. Wage and Hour Division and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter S. Johnson
Publisher : Hanser Gardner Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781569903094
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Rubber Processing written by Peter S. Johnson and published by Hanser Gardner Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 Overview of Rubber Processing p. 1 1.1 Introduction p. 1 1.2 Testing p. 2 1.2.1 Raw Materials Quality Assurance p. 2 1.2.2 Processability Testing of Mixed Compounds p. 2 1.2.3 End Product Testing p. 3 1.3 Conclusion p. 3 References p. 4 2 Raw Materials Acceptance and Specifications p. 5 2.1 Introduction p. 5 2.2 Raw Materials Specifications p. 5 2.2.1 Elastomers p. 6 2.2.2 Fillers p. 7 3 Mixing of Rubber Compounds p. 9 3.1 Introduction p. 9 3.2 Material Flow to the Mixer p. 10 3.2.1 Receipt and Storage of Raw Materials p. 11 3.2.2 Feeding, Weighing, and Charging Raw Materials p. 12 3.2.2.1 Weighing Major Ingredients p. 14 3.2.2.2 Small Component Weighing p. 14 3.3 The Mixing Process p. 15 3.3.1 Incorporation p. 16 3.3.2 Dispersion p. 17 3.3.3 Distribution p. 19 3.3.4 Plasticization p. 20 3.3.5 Natural Rubber Mastication p. 20 3.3.6 Flow Visualization and Modeling of the Mixing Process p. 20 3.3.6.1 Flow Visualization p. 21 3.3.6.2 Modeling p. 21 3.3.7 Flow Behavior on Mills p. 24 3.4 Internal Mixers p. 26 3.4.1 Developments in Internal Mixers p. 29 3.4.1.1 Farrel Mixers p. 29 3.4.1.2 Kobelco Stewart Bolling Mixers p. 30 3.4.1.3 Krupp-Midwest Werner und Pfleiderer Mixers p. 31 3.4.1.4. Pomini Mixers p. 31 3.4.2 Choosing a Mixer p. 32 3.4.3 Inspection and Preventative Maintenance of Mixers p. 32 3.4.4 Internal Mixer Operation p. 33 3.4.4.1 Mixing Procedures p. 33 3.4.4.2 Temperature Control in Internal Mixers p. 37 3.4.4.3 Rotor Speed p. 37 3.4.4.4 Ram Pressure p. 38 3.4.4.5 Batch Size p. 38 3.4.4.6 Dump Criteria p. 40 3.4.5 Control of the Mixing Process p. 41 3.4.6 Scale-Up p. 41 3.5 Take-Off Systems p. 43 3.5.1 Dump Mills p. 43 3.5.2 Packaging p. 44 3.5.3 Single Pass Mixing p. 45 3.6 Other Mixing Equipment p. 45 3.6.1 Mill Mixing p. 45 3.6.2 Continuous Mixing p. 47 3.7 Custom Compounding p. 47 3.8 Troubleshooting the Mixing Process p. 48 3.8.1 Inadequate Dispersion or Distribution p. 49 3.8.2 Scorchy Compound p. 49 3.8.3 Contamination p. 49 3.8.4 Poor Handling on Dump Mill p. 49 3.8.5 Batch-to-Batch Variation p. 49 3.9 Concluding Comments p. 50 References p. 50 4 Flow Behavior of Compounds p. 53 4.1 Introduction p. 53 4.2 Fundamentals of Rheology p. 53 4.3 Effect of Compounding Ingredients on Processing Behavior p. 58 4.3.1 Elastomers p. 58 4.3.2 Fillers p. 59 4.3.2.1 Carbon Blacks p. 59 4.3.3 Plasticizers and Processing Aids p. 60 4.3.3.1 Plasticizers p. 61 4.3.3.2 Processing Aids p. 62 4.3.4 Elasticity p. 63 4.3.5 Conclusion p. 64 References p. 64 5 Testing of Compounds After Mixing p. 65 5.1 Introduction p. 65 5.2 Processability Test Instruments p. 68 5.2.1 The Mooney Viscometer p. 68 5.2.1.1 Delta Mooney p. 69 5.2.1.2 TMS Rheometer p. 70 5.2.2 Capillary Rheometers p. 80 5.2.3 Oscillating Disk Curemeters p. 73 5.2.4 Rotorless Curemeters p. 75 5.2.5 Dynamic Mechanical Rheological Testers p. 75 5.2.6 Stress Relaxation Instruments p. 75 5.2.7 ODR Cure Times Correlation with MDR p. 77 5.3 Comparison of Alpha Technologies Processability Test Instruments p. 78 5.4 Conclusion p. 80 References p. 80 6 The Curing Process p. 83 6.1 Introduction p. 84 6.2 Scorch or Premature Vulcanization p. 84 References p. 85 7 Calendering of Rubber p. 87 7.1 Introduction p. 87 7.2 Equipment p. 87 7.3 Processes p. 88 7.3.1 Feeding p. 88 7.3.2 Sheeting p. 88 7.3.3 Frictioning p. 88 7.3.4 Coating p. 89 7.3.5 Roller Dies p. 89 7.3.6 Downstream Processes p. 90 7.4 Modeling the Calendering Process p. 90 7.5 Troubleshooting Problems in Calendering p. 91 7.5.1 Scorch p. 91 7.5.2 Blistering p. 91 7.5.3 Rough or Holed Sheet p. 91 7.5.4 Tack p. 91 7.5.5 Bloom p. 91 7.6 Conclusions p. 91 References p. 92 8 Extrusion of Rubber p. 93 8.1 Introduction p. 93 8.2 Feeding p. 93 8.2.1 Cold-Feed versus Hot-Feed Extruders p. 94 8.3 Mass Transfer, Conveying, or Pumping p. 96 8.3.1 Flow Mechanism p. 97 8.3.2 Extruder Designs p. 98 8.3.2.1 The Maillefer Screw p. 99 8.3.2.2 The Iddon Screw p. 100 8.3.2.3 The Transfermix p. 101 8.3.2.4 The EVK Screw p. 101 8.3.2.5 The Pin Barrel Extruder p. 101 8.3.2.6 The Cavity Transfer Mixer p. 102 8.3.2.7 Vented Extruders p. 104 8.3.2.8 Dump Extruders p. 104 8.3.2.9 Strainers p. 105 8.3.2.10 Extruder Barrels p. 105 8.4 Extruder Operation and Control p. 105 8.5 Shaping p. 108 8.5.1 Extruder Heads p. 108 8.5.1.1 Coextrusion p. 109 8.5.1.2 Crossheading p. 109 8.5.1.3 Shear Heads p. 109 8.5.2 Dies p. 111 8.5.2.1 Pressure Drop p. 111 8.5.2.2 Die Swell p. 111 8.6 Take-Off and Curing p. 112 8.6.1 Continuous Vulcanization Systems p. 113 8.6.1.1 Pressurized Steam Systems p. 113 8.6.1.2 Hot Air Curing Systems p. 113 8.6.1.3 Hot Air Fluidized Bed Systems p. 114 8.6.1.4 Liquid Salt Bath Systems p. 114 8.6.1.5 Microwave Systems p. 114 8.6.1.6 Shear Head Systems p. 115 8.6.1.7 Electron Beam Systems p. 115 8.6.1.8 Steel Belt Presses p. 116 8.6.1.9 Ultrasonic Vulcanization p. 116 8.7 Troubleshooting the Extrusion Process p. 116 8.7.1 Low Output Rate p. 116 8.7.2 Poor Dimensional Stability of Extrudate p. 117 8.7.3 Excessive Heat Buildup in Compound p. 117 8.7.4 Rough Surface on Extrudate p. 117 8.7.5 Contamination p. 117 8.7.6 Porosity in Extrudate p. 117 8.7.7 Strip Difficult to Feed p. 117 8.7.8 Surging Output p. 118 8.8 Concluding Comments p. 118 References p. 118 9 Molding of Rubber p. 119 9.1 Introduction p. 119 9.2 Compression and Transfer Molding p. 120 9.3 Injection Molding of Rubber p. 122 9.3.1 Injection Molding Equipment p. 125 9.3.1.1 Delivery Systems p. 125 9.3.1.2 Nozzles, Runners, and Gates p. 127 9.3.1.3 Molds p. 128 9.3.1.4 Automatic Ejection p. 129 9.3.1.5 Deflashing p. 129 9.3.2 The Injection Molding Process p. 130 9.3.2.1 Injection Temperature p. 130 9.3.2.2 Screw Speed p. 131 9.3.2.3 Back Pressure p. 131 9.3.2.4 Injection Pressure p. 131 9.3.2.5 Summary p. 131 9.3.3 Monitoring and Modeling the Injection Molding Process p. 131 9.3.4 Control of the Injection Molding Process p. 132 9.3.5 Compounds for Injection Molding p. 133 9.3.6 Problems in Injection Molding of Rubber p. 133 References p. 136 10 Finished Product Testing p. 137 10.1 Introduction p. 137 10.2 Test of Filler Distribution and Dispersion p. 138 10.2.1 Microscopy p. 138 10.2.2 Surface Roughness p. 138 10.3 Tests on Cured Specimens p. 138 10.3.1 Tensile Tests p. 139 10.3.2 Hardness p. 139 10.3.3 Compression Set p. 139 10.3.4 Solvent Resistance p. 140 10.3.5 Aging p. 140 10.3.6 Ozone Cracking p. 140 References p. 140 Index p. 143.
Author : Colin Barlow
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317829131
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)
Download or read book The World Rubber Industry written by Colin Barlow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the fact that Rubber is one of the world's major commodities, surprispingly little has been written about hte the subject. First published in 1994, The World Rubber Industry seeks to redress this deficiency. It presents information in a clear and accessible manner, with numerous tables and illustrations, and an extensive glossary. This is a comprehensive and definitive analysis of one of the world's major and most essential commodities.
