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The Role Of Mammary Epithelial Stromal Cell Interactions In Relation To Growth Regulation By Estrogen And Progestin
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Book Synopsis The Role of Mammary Epithelial-stromal Cell Interactions in Relation to Growth Regulation by Estrogen and Progestin by : Shiqing Wang
Download or read book The Role of Mammary Epithelial-stromal Cell Interactions in Relation to Growth Regulation by Estrogen and Progestin written by Shiqing Wang and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Normalcy to Neoplasia. The Role of Epithelial-Stromal Interactions in Regulating Mammary Growth and Differentiation by :
Download or read book From Normalcy to Neoplasia. The Role of Epithelial-Stromal Interactions in Regulating Mammary Growth and Differentiation written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We identified molecules that are involved in the cross talk between the epithelial and mesenchymal components of the developing and involuting mammary gland. The EFGR protein was shown to mediate normal ductal morphogenesis by acting from the stromal cells on the development of the mammary epithelial ducts. Additional evidence was provided concerning the function of the Caspase 1 gene product during lobular-alveolar development and involution of the mammary gland after weaning. An interesting observation from this work was mammary epithelial cells that will succumb to apoptosis enter the cell cycle first. This observation implies that at least a subset of the redundant epithelial cells undergo activation before cell death. In preliminary work mammary glands from the MMP14 null mouse were shown to have less adipose tissue but ductal penetration of the fat pad and initial duct formation occurred by post-natal day 13. Further experimentation is required to determine if the reduction in adipose tissue is related - to the wasting phenotype of these animals, or is induced by the MMP14 null epithelial cells. The practical outcome of these studies is a better understanding of mammary gland development before, during and after pregnancy, and during the process of involution.
Book Synopsis Progestins and the Mammary Gland by : Orla M. Conneely
Download or read book Progestins and the Mammary Gland written by Orla M. Conneely and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-27 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progestins play a key role in reproductive endocrinology and as pharmaceutical drugs for contraception and in combined hormone therapy. To further our understanding of progestin action in the mammary gland, an international symposium, attended by leading researchers from academia and industry, was held in Berlin, 21–23 March 2007. Genetic mouse models helped to elucidate the role of progestins, both in normal breast development and in disease. Mechanistic molecular studies inspired the design of new progestins with improved tissue selectivity. In addition, the clinical impact of progesterone receptor agonists and antagonists for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer was discussed.
Book Synopsis Control of the Mammary Cell Cycle Clock by Estrogen and Progesterone by :
Download or read book Control of the Mammary Cell Cycle Clock by Estrogen and Progesterone written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both the growth and the development of the mammary gland are controlled by the female hormones estrogen and progesterone, and by interactions between the epithelial and stromal compartments of the breast. Changes in the regulation of any of these processes may lead to breast cancer. Therefore, we need to understand in detail the mechanisms that control proliferation and development of the mammary gland. We have investigated the role of progesterone in the process of sidebranching and alveologenesis In the mammary gland using mice laclting the progesterone receptor which are defective in these processes. By reconstituting murine mammary glands in vivo, we have shown that the progesterone receptor is required only in epithelial cells for proper sidebranching to occur. Our studies suggest that progesterone acts in a paracrine manner and more recent data suggests that Wnt-4 is a possible mediator of this paracrine effect. In parallel studies, we have observed that breast cancer cells can dramatically downregulate the expression of hepatocyte growth factor in cocultured libroblasts. These results suggest an important role of paracrine interactions also in breast cancer development. In addition, we have characterized the role of the estrogen receptor in regulating the proliferation of breast cancer cells. We postulate that the ability of estrogen receptor to control cyclin Dl expression and proliferation of breast cancer cells may be acquired during breast cancer development. In conclusion, we have studied the role of female hormones and stroma-epithelial interactions in regulating mammary gland development and tumorigenesis.
Book Synopsis Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Mammary Gland Development by : Malgorzata Gajewska
Download or read book Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Mammary Gland Development written by Malgorzata Gajewska and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammary gland is an organ, which undergoes the majority of its development in the postnatal life of mammals. The complex structure of the mammary gland comprises epithelial and myoepithelial cells forming the parenchymal tissue and adipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and infiltrating immune cell composing the stromal compartment. During puberty and in adulthood, circulating hormones released from the pituitary and ovaries regulate the rate of development and functional differentiation of the mammary epithelium. In addition, growing body of evidence shows that interactions between the stromal and parenchymal compartments of the mammary gland play a crucial role in mammogenesis. This regulation takes place on a paracrine level, by locally synthesized growth factors, adipokines, and cytokines, as well as via direct cell-cell interactions. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the complex nature of interactions between the mammary epithelium and stroma during mammary gland development in different mammalian species.
Book Synopsis Hormonal Regulation of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Mouse Mammary Glands in Vivo by : Yuqian Zhou
Download or read book Hormonal Regulation of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Mouse Mammary Glands in Vivo written by Yuqian Zhou and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Regulation and Function of Progesterone Receptor Isoforms A and B in the Normal Mouse Mammary Gland by : Mark Douglas Aupperlee
Download or read book The Regulation and Function of Progesterone Receptor Isoforms A and B in the Normal Mouse Mammary Gland written by Mark Douglas Aupperlee and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Production and Regulation of Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Mammary Gland by : Shibani Chakravorti
Download or read book Production and Regulation of Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Mammary Gland written by Shibani Chakravorti and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extracellular Matrix Regulation of Estrogen Receptors in Mouse Mammary Cells by :
Download or read book Extracellular Matrix Regulation of Estrogen Receptors in Mouse Mammary Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our previous results have shown that the basement membrane (BM) regulated the expression and function of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERa) in mouse mammary epithelial cells. New results shown here indicate that the presence of lactogenic hormones was required for the regulatory effect of BM on ERa levels. We present evidence that cell adhesion to the BM components collagen-IV, through alpha 2 and beta 1 integrin subunits and laminin-l, through alpha 2, alpha 6 and beta 1 subunits are the relevant interactions responsible for transducing the signal of the BM that increases ERa expression. On the other hand, BM- induced changes in cell proliferation and cell morphology were not involved. Thus, the changes observed in ER expression and estrogenic effect when mammary epithelial cells are removed from the gland and placed in culture could be due to the disruption of the tissue organization and, in particular, to the lack of cell-matrix interactions on tissue culture plastic. Our system model could be useful to better understand the mechanisms involved in the regulation of ER expression and function during mammary gland development and breast tumor progression.
Book Synopsis The Role of the Progesterone Receptors in Mammary Stem and Progenitor Cell Regulation by : Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan
Download or read book The Role of the Progesterone Receptors in Mammary Stem and Progenitor Cell Regulation written by Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Estradiol Stimulation and Androgen Inhibiton of the Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines by : Constance Clark Reese
Download or read book Estradiol Stimulation and Androgen Inhibiton of the Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines written by Constance Clark Reese and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Role for Epidermal Growth Factor in the Ductal Stage of Mouse Mammary Development by : Susanne Coleman
Download or read book A Role for Epidermal Growth Factor in the Ductal Stage of Mouse Mammary Development written by Susanne Coleman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanism of Estrogen Receptor-alpha Action and the Consequence of Its Conditional Deletion on Mammary Gland Development and Function by : Yuxin Feng
Download or read book Mechanism of Estrogen Receptor-alpha Action and the Consequence of Its Conditional Deletion on Mammary Gland Development and Function written by Yuxin Feng and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ERá is a critical regulator in breast cancer and mammary gland development. Deregulation of ER signaling correlates with abnormal mammary gland development and breast cancer. However, the role of epithelial ER remains to be clarified in vivo and the mechanism of ER signaling regulation is far from comprehensive. We hypothesize that 1) mammary epithelial ER plays critical roles in mammary gland development during pregnancy and lactation and that 2) novel, as yet identified factors in ER transcriptional regulation are involved in breast cancer development. The loxP-Cre system was used to generate epithelial ERKO mice. The well characterized MMTV-Cre and WAP-Cre transgenic mice were used to delete ER in mammary epithelial cells at different developmental stages. Early expression of MMTV-Cre arrested mammary gland development at the neonatal stage. Successive pregnancy and lactation activated epithelial ER ablation, which compromised side-branching, alveolar development, and epithelial proliferation. Further analysis revealed a massive loss of luminal epithelial cells presumably caused by apoptosis. The abnormal mammary gland development decreased milk production, thereby, caused growth retardation in the offspring. Similar phenotypes were also observed in MMTV-ERKO females in lactation. Thus, we concluded that epithelial ER is essential for mammary gland development during pregnancy and lactation stages. To further pursue the molecular mechanism of ER signaling regulation, a human mammary gland cDNA library was screened to identify novel factors that interact with ER. One novel ERá binding protein identified in the screen contains two conserved LXXLL motifs (NR-box) and a coiled-coil domain. The protein product, which we named NRCC, consists of 3 isoforms that vary in their N-terminal region. NRCC is conserved in vertebrates and its mRNA was detected in human breast cancer cells and mouse breast tumors. We found that NRCC-A interacts with ERá and enhances ERá transcriptional activity in human cancer cells. Moreover, NRCC-A co-localized with ERá in the cell nucleus and was recruited to ER target gene promoters. SiRNA analysis indicated that NRCC proteins are important for endogenous ERá-mediated transcriptional activity and estrogen dependent cell proliferation. Taken together, these data indicate that NRCC-A is a novel coactivator for ERá.
Book Synopsis Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Disorders by : Albert Altchek
Download or read book Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Disorders written by Albert Altchek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-09-04 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated second edition of Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Disorders provides thorough, yet succinct insight into the ever-changing realm of ovarian disorders. It presents a novel multidisciplinary approach to the subject as described by clinicians, surgeons, pathologists, basic scientists and related medical researchers. Topics covered include reproductive technology, early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and management of menopause among others. The breadth of information provided by this book will appeal to clinicians and researchers involved in the study and treatment of ovarian disorders. KEY FEATURES* Includes updated information on early diagnosis of ovarian cancer* Reviews new diagnostic techniques for ovarian disorders* Discusses latest information on reproductive technology* Presents translational treatment linking laboratory research with clinical medicine
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Estrogen-independent Allometric Mammary Growth Induced by Diet by : Grace Ellen Berryhill
Download or read book Mechanisms of Estrogen-independent Allometric Mammary Growth Induced by Diet written by Grace Ellen Berryhill and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammary glands are unique in that most of their development occurs postnatally coordinate with reproductive maturation, where secretion of estrogen (E) by the ovaries stimulates allometric ductal growth and terminal end bud (TEB) formation during puberty. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) synthesized by the mammary stroma synergizes with E to potentiate mammary epithelial cell (MEC) proliferation and ductal elongation. In parallel, activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the mammary stroma is also indispensable for pubertal ductal development, highlighting a role for reciprocal signaling between the stromal and epithelial compartments. As part a part of this dissertation, we made the surprising finding that ductal elongation and TEB formation is induced in ovariectomized mice fed trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA), but not cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid, independent of E and its receptor. This novel finding was also recapitulated as increased tumorigenesis in mice carrying the polyomavirus middle T antigen transgene. These effects of 10,12 CLA were accompanied by dysregulated metabolic function manifest as lipoatrophy and inflammation of the mammary fat pad, hyperinsulinemia, and hepatic steatosis. We implicated activity of the IGF-1 receptor and the EGFR in concert with metabolic disturbances and concomitant inflammation as mediators of 10,12 CLA-stimulated mammary growth. Proliferation of MEC in response to 10,12 CLA was spatially-restricted with significant MEC mitosis in TEB, similarly to that induced by E. The proliferation of MEC and ductal expansion stimulated by 10,12 CLA was delayed and temporally uncoupled versus that elicited by E. Transcriptomic analysis of allometric mammary growth and TEB formation revealed a subset of genes that was similarly regulated by either E or 10,12 CLA, consistent with their roles during cell cycle progression. In parallel, 10,12 CLA also regulated a unique subset of genes associated with inflammation and immune cell infiltration along with components of the EGFR pathway. We speculate that stromal inflammation increased EGFR activation leading to MEC proliferation and TEB formation. Taken together, these experiments highlight a role for diet in normal mammary development and tumorigenesis, and implicate local inflammation as a potential mediator of E-independent mammary growth.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Human Breast Epithelial Cell Estrogen Expression and Differentiation: Organization and Environment by :
Download or read book Determinants of Human Breast Epithelial Cell Estrogen Expression and Differentiation: Organization and Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer presumabl& originates in an estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), estrogen (E2)-responsive epithelial cell within organized human breast tissue. Paradoxically there is an exceedingly low level of, and few cells expressing, ER in normal breast tissue, and human breast epithelial (HBE) cell lines lack ER and do not respond to E2. Our hypothesis is that human breast parenchymal epithelial cell-cell interactions and epithelial stromal interactions are critical in vitro determinants of ER expression and biochemical differentiation. Our prior progress reported failure to demonstrate ER expression using established HBE cell lines organized into three- dimensional structures, conglomerates, resembling in vivo organization, and success developing and characterizing breast stromal cell resources, part of a submitted manuscript. We now report progress establishing and characterizing epithelial cells from reduction mammoplasty, benign and tumor breast tissues. Some, including cells from a tissue with demonstrable epithelial cell ER expression, failed to express ER under traditional culture conditions and in conglomerates and to exhibit responsiveness to estrogen growth. Importantly, epithelial cells from one reduction mammoplasty specimen do express ER under traditional culture conditions and in conglomerates. The latter provides evidence of significant progress towards our goal of endogenous ER expression in reduction mammoplasty-derived human breast epithelial cells.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Progestin Effects on Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling Pathways in Relation to Proliferation and Alveolar Morphogenesis of Normal Mammary Epithelial Cells in Vitro by :
Download or read book Analysis of Progestin Effects on Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling Pathways in Relation to Proliferation and Alveolar Morphogenesis of Normal Mammary Epithelial Cells in Vitro written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progestin action in the normal adult mammary gland has a major role in the formation of the alveolar bud structure during development and pregnancy. We have determined that for P-induced proliferation and morphogenesis to occur, the presence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is required. When added alone to mouse primary cultures from adult virgin mice, HGF induces proliferation and a ductal morphology. With the addition of P we observe increased proliferation and an alveolar-like morphogenesis similar to that seen in response to P in the in vivo gland. We have therefore proposed to study the effects of P on HGF/c-met signaling in an in vitro, serum free, three dimensional primary culture system using mammary epithelial cells. During the first year of this proposal methods for western blotting against c-Met were adapted for use in our culture system. The levels of c-Met were examined in response to the proposed treatments by immunostaining, showing that it is unlikely that the effects of HGF and progestins are mediated through changes in receptor expression. The effect of HCF and progestin treatment was also examined in pubertal mouse mammary epithelial organoids and did not exhibit the synergistic effect of HGF and progestin seen in adult mammary epithelial organoids.
