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Author : Tao Qiu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832508170
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book The Role of Immune Cells in Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion written by Tao Qiu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-01 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Qianni Hu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book EXTRACELLULAR MITOCHONDRIA RELEASED FROM LIVER ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY ACT AS ALARMINS TO EVOKE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND TRIGGER INFLAMMATION. written by Qianni Hu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation enhances the immunogenicity of allografts and thus impacts overall graft outcome. This sterile inflammatory insult is known to activate innate immunity and propagate organ damage through the recognition of endogenous alarmins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mitochondrial alarmins in the pathogenesis of hepatic IRI and the mechanism of immune activation by mitochondria. Mitochondria are vital cellular organelles for energy generation. However, owing to their similarity to bacteria, extracellular mitochondria function as alarmins. Recent studies revealed that mitochondria are critically involved in the initiation and progression of multiple diseases and associated with immune dysregulation. Increased levels of mtDNA and free mitochondria (FM) release were observed in both transplantation-associated and warm IR. Co-culture of mitochondrial components with hepatocytes significantly increased cell death. Mast cells (MC) and Kupffer cells (KC) are versatile immune sentinel cells known to respond to both external and internal stimuli as a first line of defense in liver. However, the response of MC and KC to mitochondria was unknown. Injection of FM into mice led to neutrophil recruitment and macrophage activation within the peritoneal cavity at 16h. MC-deficient mice had significantly reduced neutrophil responses to FM although macrophage activation was still observed. Culture of MC or macrophages with mitochondria resulted in increased production of multiple mediators. FM induced histamine release from human CBMC and mouse BMMC. This degranulation process was rapid and largely independent of extracellular calcium. Pharmacological approaches revealed that FPR1 was important for mitochondria-mediated in vitro degranulation and mediator production, in addition to in vivo sterile inflammation. FM also enhanced macrophage activation, although this was in an FPR1-independent manner. FM were potent activators of both human and mouse innate immune cells, such as MC and macrophages, in vitro and induced substantial MC-dependent, neutrophilic inflammation in vivo. Regulation of mitochondria-mediated immune responses may be important during the initiation or progression of human disease such as acute graft failure or chronic graft versus host disease in liver transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis, or in patients with blood transfusion, which have all been reported to demonstrate enhanced FM release.
Author : Hannelie Korf
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889633136
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book The Role of Myeloid-Derived Cells in the Progression of Liver Disease written by Hannelie Korf and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Keith M. Monson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Hepatic Ischemia/reperfusion Injury and the Role of P-selectin and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 written by Keith M. Monson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Allyson Queenth Terry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book Disulfide HMGB1-Induced Immune Activation During and Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Human Orthotopic Liver Transplantation written by Allyson Queenth Terry and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an intrinsic risk of solid organ transplantation due to the cellular damage and subsequent immune activation induced by current allograft procurement protocols. Increased severity of IRI contributes to poor clinical outcomes, including early allograft dysfunction and alloimmune-mediated graft rejection, following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Circulating recipient monocytes are one of the first cell populations to infiltrate the donor liver. Once activated, these monocytes can differentiate into macrophages capable of crosstalk with the adaptive immune cells responsible for the development of alloimmunity. The intracellular protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released during IRI in mouse models and correlates with degree of IRI. HMGB1 is unique in that each of its three oxidative forms have different functions and it can bind multiple immune receptors on monocytes and macrophages, including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR9. Blood from IRI+ human OLT recipients activates TLR4 and TLR9. We therefore investigated whether the pro-inflammatory oxidative form of HMGB1 (disulfide HMGB1, diS-HMGB1) is increased in IRI+ patients and, if so, the mechanisms behind diS-HMGB1-induced innate and adaptive immune activation during and following OLT. First, we determined that diS-HMGB1 was increased in post-reperfusion portal vein blood of IRI+ patients and that this same blood sample induced a pro-inflammatory response in healthy volunteer monocytes in vitro. The augmented diS-HMGB1 levels in IRI+ patient blood were mediated by secretion of diS-HMGB1 from pro-inflammatory liver resident macrophages in the donor allograft that became activated during the transplant process. We confirmed the detrimental effect of increased diS-HMGB1 levels in a murine model of IRI. Second, we developed an in vitro model of human primary monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation to elucidate the specific effects of diS-HMGB1 on this process. We determined that diS-HMGB1 functions by inducing secreted factors, surface markers, and oxidative functions that allow monocytes and macrophages to create a local pro-inflammatory environment and to induce a pro-inflammatory adaptive immune response through interactions with CD4+ T cells. Finally, we report how both TLR4 and TLR9 contribute to the manifestation of this phenotype. In sum, this work provides insight into the impact of diS-HMGB1 on occurrence and severity of IRI during OLT and how the release of diS-HMGB1 at the time of transplant can have lasting impacts on the immune landscape, and therefore graft and recipient health and survival, following OLT.
Author : Chandrashekhar Gandhi
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128005440
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Stellate Cells in Health and Disease written by Chandrashekhar Gandhi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stellate Cells in Health and Disease is a comprehensive reference providing the most up-to-date knowledge and perspectives on the function of stellate cells affecting the liver and other organs. The text presents comprehensive coverage of their already established role in hepatic fibrosis along with the newer emerging evidence for stellate cell participation in the liver cell (hepatocyte) survival and regeneration, hepatic immunobiology, transplant tolerance, and liver cancer. Chapters describe both animal and human research and the relevance of findings from animal research to human pathophysiology, and also contain sections on future directions which will be of special interest to basic and clinical researchers working on liver fibrosis, hepatic biology, and pathobiology. - Presents coverage of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis with stellate cells as a target for therapy. - Shows stellate cells as a major participant in hepatic immunobiology, including transplantation immunology. - Key illustrations show the phenotypical changes in stellate cells in situ and tissue culture, their interactions with other cell types, signaling pathways and demonstrate the functions and roles of stellate cell in pathological processes.
Author : Z. Kmiec
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642565530
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book Cooperation of Liver Cells in Health and Disease written by Z. Kmiec and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only during the last decade that the functions of sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, pit cells and other intrahepatic lymphocytes have been better understood. The development of methods for isolation and co-culturing various types of liver cells has established that they communicate and cooperate via secretion of various intercellular mediators. This monograph summarizes multiple data that suggest the important role of cellular cross-talk for the functions of both normal and diseased liver. Special features of the book include concise presentation of the majority of detailed data in 19 tables. Original schemes allow for the clear illustration of complicated intercellular relationships. This is the first ever presentation of the newly emerging field of liver biology, which is important for hepatic function in health and disease and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Author : Anirban Ghosh
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535131230
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Biology of Myelomonocytic Cells written by Anirban Ghosh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myelomonocytes are the multipotent cells in the stage of blood cell differentiation, which mainly comprise blood monocytes, tissue macrophages and subset of dendritic cells. Actually, their position and ability of judgement of the health of tissue or organ environment are the key initiators of tissue-specific immune response in a local and global fashion. Interestingly, the morpho-functional aspects of this group of cells vary to a wide range with their positional diversity. Their ability to communicate or represent the tissue microenvironment to the peripheral immune system and efficiency to engage the system to effector activation hold the key for a successful immune endeavour. The present volume shows some glimpses of such an extensive area of current immunology research.
Author : Pablo Muriel
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128043210
Total Pages : 917 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Liver Pathophysiology written by Pablo Muriel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver Pathophysiology: Therapies and Antioxidants is a complete volume on morphology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and treatment of liver diseases. It uses an integral approach towards the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury, and how their deleterious effects may be abrogated by the use of antioxidants. Written by the most prominent authors in the field, this book will be of use to basic and clinical scientists and clinicians working in the biological sciences, especially those dedicated to the study and treatment of liver pathologies. Presents the most recent advances in hepatology, with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress in liver injury. Provides in vivo and in vitro models to study human liver pathology. Explains the beneficial effects of antioxidants on liver diseases. Contains the most recent and modern treatments of hepatic pathologies, including, but not limited to, stem cells repopulation, gene therapy and liver transplantation.
Author : Alfredo Martínez
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9789051993608
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (936 download)
Download or read book Adrenomedullin written by Alfredo Martínez and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adrenomedullin is a recently discovered peptide hormone which involved in many physiological and pathological processes. This book reviews all the information available on this intriguing molecule, covering topics as diverse as blood pressure regulation, growth of tumours and normal cells, the central nervous system, and comparative studies from sharks to mammals. An international group of experts has contributed to this volume which will be of interest to professionals, researchers, and those who will benefit from a broad review of the literature and the main trends in adrenomedullin research.
Author : Pierce A. Grace
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780632050215
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (52 download)
Download or read book Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury written by Pierce A. Grace and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1999-02-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury is concerned with the consequences of interrupting and restoring blood flow to tissues. Many common clinical conditions are caused by interruption of blood flow to tissues (eg, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke); blood flow is also interrupted deliberately in many surgical procedures (eg, cardiac surgery, arterial surgery, transplant surgery, limb surgery with tourniquet). In treating such conditions or after performing such operations the aim of the clinician is to restore the blood supply to the ischaemic tissue. Paradoxically, restoration of blood flow to ischaemic tissues can lead to further tissue damage with the potential for severe local and systemic injury. This book focuses on the clinical, pathological and biochemical processes involved in ischaemia-reperfusion injury and gives an overview of the strategies that may be adopted to mitigate or prevent such injury. This book will be of interest to both clinicians and scientists who have to deal with or have interest in this difficult but important problem.
Author : Jean-Francois Dufour
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118663357
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)
Download or read book Signaling Pathways in Liver Diseases written by Jean-Francois Dufour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signaling Pathways in Liver Diseases, Third Edition again provides hepatologists and hepatology researchers with an expert overview of the complex and novel cellular/extracellular signaling pathways in the liver, and their role in liver diseases. The last few years have seen a great number of developments in this field, which in turn have led to new opportunities for innovative treatments; however, the intricacy of these pathways and their interactions continue to provide a real challenge for clinicians. This outstanding book compiles the emerging knowledge into a single expert resource, cataloguing and organizing it into an accessible and understandable format. With increased focus on the comprehension of cellular mechanisms involved in steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver tumors, which has led to changes in the management of these diseases, this new edition also sees the introduction of exciting new chapters on key emerging areas such as: Autophagy Notch Pathway P13K/PTEN Signaling in Liver Diseases Sirtuins Hepcidin and Iron Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Fibrosis Oxidative Stress and Signaling in the Liver. Professors Dufour and Clavien have assembled an all-star cast of chapter authors, each of whom has provided clear and appropriate illustrations to reinforce the text, with a key points box offering a concise and handy summary. Self-assessment questions and answers allow the reader to test their own knowledge. Signaling Pathways in Liver Disease, Third Edition is the perfect educational and reference tool to bridge the information exchange between the laboratory, the clinical ward, and the operating room, and an essential tool for the modern-day hepatologist.
Author : Cornelia Sabine Viebahn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (744 download)
Download or read book Interaction Between the Immune System and Liver Progenitor Cells written by Cornelia Sabine Viebahn and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) play a major role in the regeneration process following chronic liver damage. LPCs can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and thus are capable of replenishing the damaged liver. Due to their plasticity and robust nature in culture systems, they are promising candidates for use in cell therapy. However, to be able to use LPCs as tissue regenerating stem cell-like cells in the clinic, we need to fully understand how they are controlled. Although a strong association between LPCs and inflammation has been shown in many chronic liver diseases, the role of the immune system in LPC-mediated hepatic regeneration is poorly understood. We hypothesise that specific immune cells and mediators are needed to induce the LPC compartment, and that these are common to the LPC response in different injury settings. Therefore, the present study focused on the characterisation of the inflammatory environment in the LPC response, which generates this niche. The aims of this study were (i) to identify the immune cells that are important for the LPC response, (ii) to define the cytokine profile and (iii) to determine the role of the cytokine producing cells during liver regeneration. To study hepatic inflammation following liver injury, a diet-induced model of liver injury (choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet, CDE diet) was compared to two transgenic mouse models of immune-mediated hepatitis (Met-Kb, 178.3). Although all three models are characterised by hepatitis, histological analysis revealed that LPCs were only detectable in the CDE and Met-Kb livers. In the 178.3 model, livers regenerated from proliferating hepatocytes. An LPC response could not be induced in these mice even when liver damage was made more severe. In the other two models, LPC numbers increased over time showing the highest numbers one week after the peak of liver injury. LPCs were often found in close proximity to inflammatory cells, in particular macrophages.
Author : David Sidebotham
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702039047
Total Pages : 667 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Cardiothoracic Critical Care E-Book written by David Sidebotham and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2007-09-12 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new bedside manual guides you through all the practical aspects of managing patients following cardiothoracic surgery and critically ill cardiology patients. Primarily designed to use in cardiothoracic intensive care units and coronary care units, it covers the perioperative management for the full range of cardiothoracic surgical procedures, the management of complications, and related issues. Core topics in cardiothoracic critical care, such as hemodynamic instability, arrhythmias, bleeding, and mechanical cardiac support, are afforded broad coverage. Also included are sections on advanced ventilatory techniques and veno-venous ECMO for treating severe respiratory failure, as well as nutritional support, treating and preventing infection, renal failure, and care of the dying patient. Concisely written and featuring liberal use of illustrations as well as an integrated, tightly edited style, and a limited number of key references, this volume will become your reference of choice for the care of of cardiothoracic surgery patients and critically ill cardiology patients. Find information quickly with concisely written text. Get a more complete picture with extensive illustrations. Focus on just the information you need using a a limited number of key references. Navigate the complexities of critical care for a fulll range of cardiothoracic surgery patients with in-depth coverage of perioperative care, management of complications, and more.
Author : Robert Fitridge
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
ISBN 13 : 1922064009
Total Pages : 589 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (22 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Vascular Disease written by Robert Fitridge and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
Author : Victor R. Preedy
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400776746
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (767 download)
Download or read book Biomarkers in Liver Disease written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.
Author : Kazuya Iwabuchi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889631222
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Role of CD1- and MR1-restricted T cells in Immunity and Disease written by Kazuya Iwabuchi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-18 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CD1 and MR1 are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related proteins that bind and present non-peptide antigens to subsets of T cells with specialized functions. CD1 proteins typically present lipid antigens to CD1-restricted T cells, whereas MR1 presents vitamin B-based ligands and a variety of drugs and drug-like molecules to MR1-restricted T cells. The CD1 family of antigen presenting molecules has been divided into two groups: Group 1 contains CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, and Group 2 contains CD1d. Additionally, CD1e is expressed intracellularly and is involved in the loading of lipid antigens onto Group 1 CD1 proteins. Humans express both Groups 1 and 2 CD1 proteins, whereas mice only express CD1d. Group 1 CD1 proteins present lipid antigens to T cells that generally express diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) and exhibit adaptive-like functions, whereas CD1d presents lipid antigens to subsets of T cells that express either diverse or highly restricted TCRs and exhibit innate-like functions. CD1d-restricted T cells are called natural killer T (NKT) cells, which includes Type I or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells expressing semi-invariant TCRs, and Type II NKT cells expressing more diverse TCRs. CD1-restricted T cells have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, infections, and autoimmune, inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Additionally, NKT cells have been targeted for immunotherapy of disease with ligands such as α-galactosylceramide for iNKT cells, or sulfatide for Type II NKT cells. Like iNKT cells, MR1-restricted T cells express semi-invariant TCRs and display innate-like functions. MR1-restricted T cells, also called mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, have been implicated in immune responses against a variety of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. Moreover, these cells contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, lupus, and diabetes.
