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The Role Of Dendritic Cells And Monocytes In Hiv Infection
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Book Synopsis The Role of Dendritic Cells and Monocytes in HIV Infection by : Shannon Marie Murray
Download or read book The Role of Dendritic Cells and Monocytes in HIV Infection written by Shannon Marie Murray and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis The Biology of Dendritic Cells and HIV Infection by : Sandra Gessani
Download or read book The Biology of Dendritic Cells and HIV Infection written by Sandra Gessani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells play the most vital part in inducing anti-viral immune responses in HIV and AIDS among many other viruses. Research on dendritic cells (DCs) is emerging as a fundamental aspect for the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of viral diseases. This volume focuses on the role of DCs in the pathogenesis and immunity of HIV-1 infection. It is the only comprehensive volume on pathogenesis and immunity of Dendritic Cells that also focuses on HIV.
Book Synopsis HIV Interactions with Dendritic Cells by : Li Wu
Download or read book HIV Interactions with Dendritic Cells written by Li Wu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given rapid research progress and advance of the techniques in studying HIV interactions with host cells and factors, there is a critical need for a book on HIV interactions with DCs. The proposed book will aim for a broad readership to facilitate HIV/AIDS research and provide a practical tool for HIV researchers to continuously address novel questions. Specifically, the editors will summarize the literature in this field and provide critical analysis and future directions. International researchers will be invited as contributors of the book, highlighting authors who have contributed significantly to the field from different angles and aspects of virology, cell biology and immunology, etc.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of AIDS by : Thomas J. Hope
Download or read book Encyclopedia of AIDS written by Thomas J. Hope and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Complement Opsonization of HIV on Dendritic Cells by : Rada Ellegård
Download or read book Effects of Complement Opsonization of HIV on Dendritic Cells written by Rada Ellegård and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells are key players during HIV pathogenesis, and shape both the immediate immune response at the site of infection as well as directing the adaptive immune response against the virus. HIV has developed a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms that hijack dendritic cell functions, suppressing their ability to mount an accurate immune response and exploiting them for efficient viral transfer to target T cells. To achieve successful replication within dendritic cells without triggering danger signaling, HIV accomplishes a delicate balance where only a low level of transcription can be sustained without triggering antiviral responses that would harm the virus. Here, we describe how the presence of HSV2 coinfection, which is very common in geographic areas with a high HIV prevalence and almost triples the risk of HIV acquisition, alters dendritic cell state to support much higher levels of HIV infection. We found this effect to be mediated by the STING pathway, which is involved in the sensing of DNA in the cell cytosol. STING activation led to an upregulation of factors such as IRF3 and NFkB that can be used for HIV transcription and a degradation of factors that restrict HIV replication. In addition, we describe how HIV exploits the human complement system, a group of proteins that usually help the human body to identify dangerous pathogens while avoiding reaction towards self. HIV can coat itself, i.e. become opsonized, in complement fragments that are typically only present on the body’s own cells, allowing it to activate signaling pathways that are associated with tolerance. Dendritic cells that come into contact with complement opsonized HIV do not mount danger responses, despite the fact that HIV-derived single stranded RNA triggers the pathogen recognition receptor TLR8. The suppression of danger responses is mediated by activation of complement receptor 3, and leads to an increased infection of the dendritic cell and affects its interactions with other immune cells. There is a lack of recruitment of NK cells to the site of infection, and an inhibition of NK cell killing, which plays an important role in the destruction of HIV-infected cells in vivo. T cells primed by dendritic cells exposed to complement opsonized HIV have a lower ability to develop towards effector phenotype, and have an increased expression of the markers PD1, TIM3 and LAG3 which are associated with T cell dysfunction and exhaustion. In addition, T cells primed by these dendritic cells in the presence of NK cells upregulate markers CD38, CXCR3 and CCR4, which have been linked to an increased susceptibility to HIV infection. In summary, we add to the current knowledge on HIV immune evasion mechanisms that allow the virus to establish infection, as well as describing mechanisms that govern whether dendritic cells mount danger signaling and an immune response or not.
Author :Alexander Steinkasserer Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3662065088 Total Pages :318 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (62 download)
Book Synopsis Dendritic Cells and Virus Infection by : Alexander Steinkasserer
Download or read book Dendritic Cells and Virus Infection written by Alexander Steinkasserer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells are vital to induce potent anti-viral immune responses. It will become clear to the reader that dendritic cells often play a dual role during viral infections. On the one hand they are able to mount potent antiviral immune responses, and on the other hand several viruses, including HIV-1, use DC as a vector to be transferred from the periphery to the lymph nodes where they infect their prime target.
Book Synopsis The Effect of HIV-1 and Accessory Proteins on Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function by : Peter Fairman
Download or read book The Effect of HIV-1 and Accessory Proteins on Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function written by Peter Fairman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized members of the innate immune system that are responsible for the initiation of primary adaptive immune responses whose purpose is to resolve infection and inflammation. During most viral infections, mature dendritic cells present critical viral antigens to naïve T-cells within secondary lymphoid organs, resulting in the generation of an antigen-specific adaptive immune response and clearance of the virus. During infection with HIV-1 however, the virus is not cleared and a chronic systemic infection develops characterized by immune dysfunction, CD4+ T-cell depletion, systemic inflammation, and opportunistic infections. A growing body of evidence indicates that HIV-1 subversion of DCs contributes to both HIV-1 pathologies and viral dissemination. A number of similar effects by accessory HIV-1 peptides on DC physiology have also been reported. In vitro studies demonstrate that HIV-1 inhibits DC maturation and function. Ex vivo studies on the other hand describe partially mature, dysfunctional DCs collecting in secondary lymphoid organs. In vitro studies examining the effects of HIV-1-Tat and HIV-1-Vpr have described opposing effects on DC maturation. Therefore we undertook experiments to comprehensively describe the effects of HIV-1 and the Tat and Vpr accessory peptides on DC maturation and function. To understand the contributions of individual viral proteins to DC dysfunction we infected DCs with a dual tropic HIV-1 and examined phenotypic and functional changes after maturation with inflammatory cytokines. Following this we examined the influence of exogenous and endogenous HIV-1-Tat and HIV-1-Vpr on MDDC maturation and function using recombinant proteins and deletion mutant lab adapted HIV-1 strains. Live dual tropic HIV-1 was found to selectively inhibit aspects of phenotypic maturation as well as antigen capture and presentation functions. MDDC MAPK responsiveness to bacterial LPS remained intact however. Exogenous accessory HIV-1 Tat and Vpr did not affect MDDC phenotype but inhibited dextran endocytosis and viral peptide presentation. HIV-1-gp120 increased iMDDC maturation while blunting cytokine induced decreases in MDDC antigen capture abilities. The deletion of HIV-1-Tat did not affect MDDC phenotype, but was found to affect antigen capture decreases by R5 tropic HIV-1BaL. Deletion of HIV-1-Vpr likewise did not affect MDDC phenotype, however it was found to be influential in HIV-1 induced decreases in MDDC antigen presentation to autologous T-cells. These accumulated results indicate that HIV-1 subverts DC maturation and function through whole virus effects and individual accessory peptide influences. Understanding the mechanisms of DC dysfunction in HIV infection may provide some insight into infection prevention strategies and therapies leading to adaptive immune system activation and viral clearance.
Book Synopsis Immunology of HIV Infection by : Sudhir Gupta
Download or read book Immunology of HIV Infection written by Sudhir Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading experts provide the only comprehensive book examining all aspects of immune response and immune-based treatments for HIV infection. Contributions, divided into three sections, discuss basic mechanisms, immunopathogenesis of HIV infection, and immune-based therapies. Researchers thoroughly review vaccine-including prospects of T cell vaccine-and gene therapy for HIV infection. Additional topics include organization of HIV genes, the role of co-receptors in signaling of lymphocytes, and biological response modifiers. This reference is designed for basic and clinical researchers, internists, pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, neuropathologists, oncologists, and rheumatologists.
Book Synopsis Current Perspectives in HIV Infection by : Shailendra K. Saxena
Download or read book Current Perspectives in HIV Infection written by Shailendra K. Saxena and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive overview of HIV and AIDS including NeuroAIDS, as well as general concepts of pathology, immunity and immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology and etiology to current clinical recommendations in management of HIV/AIDS including NeuroAIDS, highlighting the ongoing issues, recent advances and future directions in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.
Book Synopsis The Role of DC-Sign in the Regulation of the Function and Survival of Dendritic Cells in HIV-1 Infection by :
Download or read book The Role of DC-Sign in the Regulation of the Function and Survival of Dendritic Cells in HIV-1 Infection written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Uncorrected OCR) Abstract of thesis entitled The role of DC-SIGN in the regulation of the function and survival of dendritic cells in HIV-1 infection Submitted by Chung Pui Yee for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in August 2004 Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that are pivotal in eliciting an efficient immune response against invading pathogens. DCs sample antigens from the periphery and subsequently migrate to lymphoid tissues, where they present processed antigen to T cells, mounting immune response. In addition to induction of primary T cell response, DCs are important in HIV-1 pathogenesis and serve as |rojan horses|to disseminate HIV-1 to the CD4+ permissive T cells. Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) is a newly identified type II integral C-type lectin membrane protein and can bind HIV-1 viral envelope protein gp120. HIV-bound DCs migrate from peripheral sites to central lymphoid tissues and deliver virions in an infectious state to T cells, resulting in explosive viral replication. However, functional consequences of HIV-bound DCs through DC-SIGN are still unknown. Furthermore, the role of DC-SIGN in mediating the signal from DCs to T cells in HIV-1 infection is also poorly understood. Using monocyte-derived DCs, it is shown that binding of HIV-1 gp120 on DC-SIGN induced maturation of immature DCs as illustrated by the up-regulation of the surface expression of the costimulatory molecules as well as the downregulation of CCR5 by flow cytometry. DCs treated with either recombinant gp120, sera from HIV-1 infected individuals or in vitro propagated HIV-1 underwent apoptosis after cocultured with CD40 ligand transfectants for 3 days. Apoptosis was partially prevented by pretreatment of DCs with anti-DC-SIGN antibodies (DC28 and clone 120612). Activation of recombinant gp120-treated DCs through CD40 ligation resulted in a decreased capacity of IL-12 production. Similarly,
Book Synopsis Dendritic Cells and the Establishment of HIV Infection by : Douglas S. Kwon
Download or read book Dendritic Cells and the Establishment of HIV Infection written by Douglas S. Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1475799667 Total Pages :566 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (757 download)
Book Synopsis Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology by : Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli
Download or read book Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology written by Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contain selected contributions from the participants to the Fourth International Symposium on Dendritic cells that was held in Venice (Lido) Italy, from Oc tober 5 to 10, 1996. The symposium was attended by more than 500 scientists coming from 24 different countries. Studies on dendritic cells (DC) have been greatly hampered by the difficulties in preparing sufficient cell numbers and in a reasonable pure form. At this meeting it has been shown that large quantities of DC can be generated from precursors in both mice and humans, and this possibility has enormously encouraged studies aimed to characterize DC physiology and DC-specific genes, and to employ DC therapeutically as adjuvants for im munization. The possibility of generating large numbers of autologous DC that can be used in the manipulation of the immune response against cancer and infectious diseases has tremendously boosted dendritic cell research and the role of DC in a number of medi cal areas has been heatedly discussed.
Book Synopsis The Role of Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells and Monocytes in the Cytokine Response to Commensal Enteric Bacteria in HIV-1-infected Individuals by : Jennifer Ann Manuzak
Download or read book The Role of Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells and Monocytes in the Cytokine Response to Commensal Enteric Bacteria in HIV-1-infected Individuals written by Jennifer Ann Manuzak and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systemic immune activation is a hallmark of pathogenic HIV-1 infection. Microbial translocation, a process in which bacteria and bacterial products move from the lumen of the intestine into the systemic circulation, is increased in HIV-1-infected individuals and is thought to be involved in the development of systemic immune activation. However, the mechanism by which microbial translocation contributes to immune activation is not well characterized. Innate interactions of translocated bacteria with dendritic cells (DCs) or monocytes in the periphery may elicit production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, providing a potential mechanism that contributes to systemic immune activation. However, the response of peripheral DCs and monocytes to commensal enteric bacteria has not been clearly defined. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to first characterize the response of peripheral blood DCs and monocytes from healthy donors to whole, commensal, enteric bacteria stimulation in vitro and to then compare the differences in the peripheral APC responses in healthy donors and HIV-1-infected individuals. The data presented here reveal that peripheral DCs and monocytes from healthy donors respond to stimulation with commensal Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis by producing differential levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. E. coli induced a more anti-inflammatory profile dominated by production of IL-10 and B. fragilis induced a more pro-inflammatory IL-23 predominant profile. In HIV-1-infected individuals, significantly more IL-23 was produced in response to E. coli stimulation as compared to uninfected controls. This was likely due to elevated percentages of CD16+ monocytes that had increased expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and lower expression of IL-10 receptor. Both the frequency of CD16+ monocytes and E. coli-induced IL-23 production correlated with plasma levels of soluble CD27, an indicator of systemic immune activation, in HIV-1-infected individuals. This provided a link between bacteria-associated IL-23 production by CD16+ monocytes and a marker of systemic inflammation. These findings contribute significantly to the general understanding of the peripheral APC response to translocated commensal bacteria, and may provide new therapeutic targets that could aid in reducing systemic inflammation due to microbial translocation in the context of HIV-1 infection.
Book Synopsis Dendritic Cells Enhance HIV Infection of Memory CD4+ T Cells in Human Lymphoid Tissues by : Angel L Reyes-Rodriguez
Download or read book Dendritic Cells Enhance HIV Infection of Memory CD4+ T Cells in Human Lymphoid Tissues written by Angel L Reyes-Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In in vitro experiments, mature dendritic cells (DCs) trans-infect CD4+ T cells, effectively augmenting HIV-1 infection. Trans-infection has been described and studied in peripheral blood cells, but not in the lymphoid tissues HIV infects. To investigate whether DCs play a role in establishing and spreading HIV infection in lymphoid tissues, a human tonsil system was employed cultured either as tissue blocks or as suspension cultures, as a model for activated lymphoid tissues. Addition of heterologous monocyte-derived DCs increased CXCR4-tropic HIV infection in tonsillar histocultures. Furthermore, DCs increased the productive infection of memory T cells, the major increase being in effector memory T cells. Depletion of endogenous myeloid DCs from tonsillar cultures decreased the productive infection of memory T cells with HIV, whereas re-addition of DCs to depleted cultures restored memory T cell infection. To investigate whether DCs increase infection by facilitating the delivery of virions to CD4+ T cells in tonsillar cultures, a fusion assay was performed. Depletion of myeloid DCs from tonsillar cultures decreased HIV fusion into memory CD4+ T cells, whereas addition of 12 MDDCs to depleted cultures restored fusion into memory T cells, especially effector memory T cells. When CCR5-tropic HIV infection was studied, DCs increased fusion and productive infection of central memory T cells with CCR5tropic HIV. Finally, myeloid DCs were found to increase HIV trans-infection to T cell lines when stimulated with CCL19 and CCL21, chemokines constitutively expressed in lymphoid tissues. Together, these experiments implicate DCs as drivers of HIV infection in lymphoid tissues.
Book Synopsis Cellular Aspects of HIV Infection by : Andrea Cossarizza
Download or read book Cellular Aspects of HIV Infection written by Andrea Cossarizza and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-25 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular Aspects of HIV Infection provides a highly readable, detailed overview of the state of the art in modern HIV research at the cellular level. This volume brings together renowned experts who have provided concise, synthetic treatments of the biology of HIV infection. It presents these descriptions and analyses with particular attention to the techniques of flow cytometry that have allowed us to not only observe the course of HIV infection and the immune system's response to it, but have also increased our ability to treat patients and understand their response to therapy. The book is divided into five sections covering molecules and cells, pathophysiological processes, technologies, and organisms. A perspective on future therapies concludes the book. Each chapter offers an intelligent, concise synthesis of the topic, highlighting the biological principles and technologies involved in the study of HIV infection. Cellular Aspects of HIV Infection is an indispensable, up-to-date guide for immunologists, virologists, clinicians, and researchers.
Book Synopsis HIV-Host Interactions by : Theresa Li-Yun Chang
Download or read book HIV-Host Interactions written by Theresa Li-Yun Chang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV remains the major global health threat, and neither vaccine nor cure is available. Increasing our knowledge on HIV infection will help overcome the challenge of HIV/AIDS. This book covers several aspects of HIV-host interactions in vitro and in vivo. The first section covers the interaction between cellular components and HIV proteins, Integrase, Tat, and Nef. It also discusses the clinical relevance of HIV superinfection. The next two chapters focus on the role of innate immunity including dendritic cells and defensins in HIV infection followed by the section on the impact of host factors on HIV pathogenesis. The section of co-infection includes the impact of Human herpesvirus 6 and Trichomonas vaginalis on HIV infection. The final section focuses on generation of HIV molecular clones that can be used in macaques and the potential use of cotton rats for HIV studies.
Book Synopsis Soluble Factors Mediating Innate Immune Responses to HIV Infection by : Massimo Alfano
Download or read book Soluble Factors Mediating Innate Immune Responses to HIV Infection written by Massimo Alfano and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection represents one of the biggest challenges of current years. However, scientists and physicians still do not have an efficient therapy for preventing or eradicating the virus. The selection of drug-resistant stra"
