The Role Of Brain Gut Peptides In The Nervous Regulation Of The Gastrointestinal Tract

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Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309366860
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-02-27 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On July 9-10, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Food Forum hosted a public workshop to explore emerging and rapidly developing research on relationships among the brain, the digestive system, and eating behavior. Drawing on expertise from the fields of nutrition and food science, animal and human physiology and behavior, and psychology and psychiatry as well as related fields, the purpose of the workshop was to (1) review current knowledge on the relationship between the brain and eating behavior, explore the interaction between the brain and the digestive system, and consider what is known about the brain's role in eating patterns and consumer choice; (2) evaluate current methods used to determine the impact of food on brain activity and eating behavior; and (3) identify gaps in knowledge and articulate a theoretical framework for future research. Relationships among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.

Gut Peptides

Author : John H. Walsh
Publisher : Raven Press (ID)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 904 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Gut Peptides by : John H. Walsh

Download or read book Gut Peptides written by John H. Walsh and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1994 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive approach to gastrointestinal hormones, for clinicians and scientists who are interested in hormonal regulation of the gastrointestinal tract. The first section discusses general issues related to peptides as messengers, including receptors and signal transduction and control of gene expression. The second section presents the biochemical and physiological features of the gastrointestinal hormones and neuropeptides. The third section integrates these peptides into physiological and pathophysiological regulatory pathways of the gut. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Gut Hormones

Author : Stephen Robert Bloom
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Gut Hormones by : Stephen Robert Bloom

Download or read book Gut Hormones written by Stephen Robert Bloom and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Geriatric Gastroenterology

Author : C. S. Pitchumoni
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441916237
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Geriatric Gastroenterology by : C. S. Pitchumoni

Download or read book Geriatric Gastroenterology written by C. S. Pitchumoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As aging trends in the United States and Europe in particular are strongly suggestive of increasingly older society, it would be prudent for health care providers to better prepare for such changes. By including physiology, disease, nutrition, pharmacology, pathology, radiology and other relevant associated topics, Geriatric Gastroenterology fills the void in the literature for a volume devoted specifically to gastrointestinal illness in the elderly. This unique volume includes provision of training for current and future generations of physicians to deal with the health problems of older adults. It will also serve as a comprehensive guide to practicing physicians for ease of reference. Relevant to the geriatric age group, the volume covers epidemiology, physiology of aging, gastrointestinal physiology, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, motility disorders, luminal disorders, hepato-biliary disease, systemic manifestations, neoplastic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer and medication related interactions and adverse events, all extremely common in older adults; these are often hard to evaluate and judge, especially considering the complex aging physiology. All have become important components of modern medicine. Special emphasis is be given to nutrition and related disorders. Capsule endoscopy and its utility in the geriatric population is also covered. Presented in simple, easy to read style, the volume includes numerous tables, figures and key points enabling ease of understanding. Chapters on imaging and pathology are profusely illustrated. All chapters are written by specialists and include up to date scientific information. Geriatric Gastroenterology is of great utility to residents in internal medicine, fellows in gastroenterology and geriatric medicine as well as gastroenterologists, geriatricians and practicing physicians including primary care physicians caring for older adults.

Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth

Author : Rao N. Jaladanki
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615047352
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth by : Rao N. Jaladanki

Download or read book Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth written by Rao N. Jaladanki and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through the strict regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. The control of the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa is unique and, compared with most other tissue in the body, complex. Mucosal growth is regulated by the same hormones that alter metabolism in other tissues, but the gastrointestinal mucosa also responds to host events triggered by the ingestion and presence of food within the digestive tract. These gut hormones and peptides regulate the growth of the exocrine pancreas, gallbladder epithelium, and the mucosa of the oxyntic gland region of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Luminal factors, including nutrients or other dietary factors, secretions, and microbes that occur within the lumen and distribute over a proximal-to-distal gradient, are also crucial for maintenance of normal gut mucosal regeneration and could explain the villous-height-crypt-depth gradient and variety of adaptation, since these factors are diluted, absorbed, and destroyed as they pass down the digestive tract. Recently, intestinal stem cells, cellular polyamines, and noncoding RNAs are shown to play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth under physiological and various pathological conditions. In this book, we highlight key issues and factors that control gastrointestinal mucosal growth and homeostasis, with special emphasis on the mechanisms through which epithelial renewal and apoptosis are regulated at the cellular and molecular levels.

The Enteric Nervous System

Author : John Barton Furness
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Enteric Nervous System by : John Barton Furness

Download or read book The Enteric Nervous System written by John Barton Furness and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease

Author : Mark Lyte
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493908979
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease by : Mark Lyte

Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-05 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of microbial endocrinology is expressly devoted to understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiota (bacteria within the microbiome) interact with the host (“us”). This interaction is a two-way street and the driving force that governs these interactions are the neuroendocrine products of both the host and the microbiota. Chapters include neuroendocrine hormone-induced changes in gene expression and microbial endocrinology and probiotics. This is the first in a series of books dedicated to understanding how bi-directional communication between host and bacteria represents the cutting edge of translational medical research, and hopefully identifies new ways to understand the mechanisms that determine health and disease.

Brain Peptides

Author : Dorothy T. Krieger
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1054 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Peptides by : Dorothy T. Krieger

Download or read book Brain Peptides written by Dorothy T. Krieger and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1983-11-14 with total page 1054 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first major comprehensive overview of the anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, and embryological aspects of brain peptides, focusing on peptides described in the past decade. Examines the role of peptides in affecting major homeostatic systems. Presents the methodologies applicable to the study of brain peptides. Summarizes current knowledge of individual peptides.

Endocrinology of the Gut

Author : Frank P. Brooks
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Endocrinology of the Gut by : Frank P. Brooks

Download or read book Endocrinology of the Gut written by Frank P. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Enteric Glia

Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615046615
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Enteric Glia by : Brian D. Gulbransen

Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography

The Exocrine Pancreas

Author : Stephen Pandol
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615041389
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Exocrine Pancreas by : Stephen Pandol

Download or read book The Exocrine Pancreas written by Stephen Pandol and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The secretions of the exocrine pancreas provide for digestion of a meal into components that are then available for processing and absorption by the intestinal epithelium. Without the exocrine pancreas, malabsorption and malnutrition result. This chapter describes the cellular participants responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes and fluid that in combination provide a pancreatic secretion that accomplishes the digestive functions of the gland. Key cellular participants, the acinar cell and the duct cell, are responsible for digestive enzyme and fluid secretion, respectively, of the exocrine pancreas. This chapter describes the neurohumoral pathways that mediate the pancreatic response to a meal as well as details of the cellular mechanisms that are necessary for the organ responses, including protein synthesis and transport and ion transports, and the regulation of these responses by intracellular signaling systems. Examples of pancreatic diseases resulting from dysfunction in cellular mechanisms provide emphasis of the importance of the normal physiologic mechanisms.

Microbial Endocrinology

Author : Mark Lyte
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781441956026
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Endocrinology by : Mark Lyte

Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.

Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Author : Simon Brookes
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781134454822
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (548 download)

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Book Synopsis Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract by : Simon Brookes

Download or read book Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract written by Simon Brookes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long tube that makes up the gastrointestinal tract is composed of a variety of tissue types and is the largest internal organ of the body. Its main function is to digest food and absorb the released nutrients. Furthermore, it is subdivided into functionally distinct regions that each mediate one of a variety of actions upon the food consumed, including ingestion, propulsion, secretion, digestion, absorption and expulsion. Autonomic neuronal circuitry is intimately involved in controlling many of these multiple functions of the gut, making it an appealing subject for the study of neuroscientists. This book reviews the state of current knowledge on the innervation of the gut by the enteric nervous system, and its interface with the extrinsic innervation, from a number of different perspectives, with the aim of providing a comprehensive and accessible account of the subject.

Trends in Regulatory Peptides

Author : Hubert Vaudry
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889455378
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Trends in Regulatory Peptides by : Hubert Vaudry

Download or read book Trends in Regulatory Peptides written by Hubert Vaudry and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulatory peptides represent the most diverse and versatile family of messenger molecules. They are produced by all living organisms from bacteria to mammals. They are involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Biologically active peptides and their receptors thus constitute an unlimited source of inspiration for the development of innovative drugs and cosmetics. The present eBook is a unique collection of research articles and reviews that provide a representative examplification of the latest progress in regulatory peptide research.

Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function

Author : David Grundy
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615043578
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function by : David Grundy

Download or read book Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function written by David Grundy and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-12 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gastrointestinal tract is a long, muscular tube responsible for the digestion of food, assimilation of nutrients and elimination of waste. This is achieved by secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption from the intestinal lumen, with different regions playing specific roles in the processing of specific nutrients. These regions come into play sequentially as ingested material is moved along the length of the GI tract by contractions of the muscle layers. In some regions like the oesophagus transit it rapid and measured in seconds while in others like the colon transit is measured in hours and even days, commensurate with the relative slow fermentation that takes place in the large bowel. An hierarchy of controls, neural and endocrine, serve to regulate the various cellular targets that exist in the gut wall. These include muscle cells for contraction and epithelial cells for secretion and absorption. However, there are complex interactions between these digestive mechanisms and other mechanisms that regulate blood flow, immune function, endocrine secretion and food intake. These ensure a fine balance between the ostensibly conflicting tasks of digestion and absorption and protection from potentially harmful ingested materials. They match assimilation of nutrients with hunger and satiety and they ensure that regions of the GI tract that are meters apart work together in a coordinated fashion to match these diverse functions to the digestive needs of the individual. This ebook will provide an overview of the neural mechanisms that control gastrointestinal function. Table of Contents: Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function / Cells and Tissues / Enteric Nervous System / From Gut to CNS: Extrinsic Sensory Innervation / Sympathetic Innervation of the Gut / Parasympathetic Innervation of the Gut / Integration of Function / References

Gastrointestinal Physiology

Author : Menizibeya Osain Welcome
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319910566
Total Pages : 1037 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Gastrointestinal Physiology by : Menizibeya Osain Welcome

Download or read book Gastrointestinal Physiology written by Menizibeya Osain Welcome and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 1037 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers one of the most comprehensive reviews in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, guiding readers on a journey through the complete digestive tract, while also highlighting related organs and glandular systems. It is not solely limited to organ system physiology, and related disciplines like anatomy and histology, but also examines the molecular and cellular processes that keep the digestive system running. As such, the book provides extensive information on the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels of functions in the GI system. Chapters on the roles of the gut as an endocrine, exocrine and neural organ, as well as its microbiome functions, broaden readers’ understanding of the multi-organ networks in the human body. To help illustrate the interconnections between the physiological concepts, principles and clinical presentations, it outlines clinical examples such as pathologies that link basic science with clinical practice in special “clinical correlates” sections. Covering both traditional and contemporary topics, it is a valuable resource for biomedical students, as well as healthcare and scientific professionals.

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Author : Robert Vink
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
ISBN 13 : 0987073052
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by : Robert Vink

Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.