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The Role Of Angiopoietin Like 4 In Lipid Homeostasis
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Book Synopsis The Role of Angiopoietin-like 4 in Lipid Homeostasis by : Nora Gray
Download or read book The Role of Angiopoietin-like 4 in Lipid Homeostasis written by Nora Gray and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract The Role of Angiopoietin-like 4 in Lipid Homeostasis by Nora Elizabeth Forbes Gray Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular and Biochemical Nutrition University of California, Berkeley Professor Jen-Chywan Wang, Chair Alterations in the regulation of lipid homeostasis are major causes of metabolic diseases like obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. These diseases affect millions of people and therefore constitute a pressing public health concern. The mobilization of lipids is a key regulatory step in lipid homeostasis and the proteins that mobilize lipids from adipocytes to other tissues are therefore potential targets for therapeutic interventions. One such protein is angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4), a secreted protein induced by fasting and glucocorticoid treatment that inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and induces intracellular adipocyte lipolysis. These studies seek to characterize the role of Angptl4 in modulating lipid homeostasis. We found that Angptl4 is involved in the lipolytic response to fasting, glucocorticoids and catecholamines and in each case it modulates intracellular cAMP levels. We further discovered that purified Angptl4 can directly increase cAMP and lipolysis in adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. We were also able to dissociate ability of Angptl4 to inhibit LPL from its ability to induce lipolysis by determining that just the C-terminal domain, which cannot inhibit LPL, can induce adipocyte lipolysis. Initial attempts to uncover the mechanism by which Angptl4 modulates cAMP showed that soluble adenylate cyclase is important for the lipolytic response to Angptl4. Additionally, Angptl4 treatment increases activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and inhibition of FAK attenuates the lipolytic response to Angptl4, suggesting the potential involvement of integrins in Angptl4 signaling in adipocytes although more research is needed to confirm this possibility. In addition to its expression in white adipose tissue, Angptl4 levels are also high in the liver where its expression is regulated by glucocorticoids. Because mice lacking Angptl4 are protected from glucocorticoid-induced fatty liver and hyperlipidemia we wanted to investigate the lipogenic role of Angptl4 in the liver. Using stable isotope labeling and gene expression analysis we found that glucocorticoids increase the rate of triglyceride synthesis as well as de novo lipogenesis but this effect is blunted in mice that lack Angptl4. There was also differential hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis in the mice without Angptl4. Treatment of hepatocytes with purified Angptl4 revealed that the increase in triglyceride synthesis is not a direct effect of the protein, nor are the alterations in the expression of most lipogenic genes. Two notable exceptions, however, are Agpat1 and Agpat2, the expression of which was induced by Angptl4 treatment. This is a previously undescribed role of Angptl4 and further research is necessary to understand the mechanism by which it could be modulating transcription. A third tissue with high expression of Angptl4 is brown adipose tissue. Because of its role in lipolysis and the fact that lipolysis is critical for adaptive thermogenesis, we investigated the how Angptl4 might be involved in thermoregulation. We found that mice lacking Angptl4 maintained a consistently lower body temperature during cold exposure. We further determined that lipolysis in brown adipose tissue was impaired in these mice and the induction of thermogenic genes was compromised relative to wild types. We also found that mice without Angptl4 maintain a lower body temperature during fasting than WT mice. These results indicate a potential role of Angptl4 in thermogenesis, which could have important implications for obesity. These studies confirm that Angptl4 is important for the regulation of lipid homeostasis. A more complete understanding of its mechanism, including the identification of a receptor that can mediate its intracellular effects, will be crucial for evaluating the potential of Angptl4 as a therapeutic target for diseases of deregulated lipid metabolism.
Book Synopsis ANGPTL4 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Mediators of Lipid Homeostasis in Different Metabolic States by : Alexander Rajna
Download or read book ANGPTL4 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Mediators of Lipid Homeostasis in Different Metabolic States written by Alexander Rajna and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigated the relationship between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), white adipose tissue (WAT) angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) expression, and metabolic state-dependent lipid homeostasis. C57BL/6J mice fed low-fat diets containing n-3 PUFA had reduced plasma NEFA and liver TAG accumulation in the fasted state, while in WAT, markers of lipogenesis were reduced, and markers of lipolysis were increased. Additionally, n-3 PUFA increased WAT Angptl4 gene expression. In contrast, n-3 PUFA reduced plasma TAG in the fed state but had no effect on Angptl4 gene expression. Collectively, this thesis suggests that n-3 PUFA regulate lipid metabolism in a metabolic-state dependent manner, and that these important fatty acids may work via differential regulation of Angptl4 in WAT.
Book Synopsis Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity by : Ronald Ross Watson
Download or read book Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity focuses on the important roles that exercise, dietary changes, and foods play in promoting as well as reducing visceral fat. Nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers seeking to address the abdominal obesity epidemic will use this comprehensive resource as a tool in their long-term goal of preventing chronic diseases, especially heart, vascular, and diabetic diseases. Experts from a broad range of disciplines are involved in dealing with the consequences of excessive abdominal fat: cardiology, diabetes research, studies of lipids, endocrinology and metabolism, nutrition, obesity, and exercise physiology. They have contributed chapters that define a range of dietary approaches to reducing risk and associated chronic diseases. They begin by defining visceral obesity and its major outcomes; they also discuss the importance and the challenges of dietary approaches to reduce abdominal obesity, as compared to clinical approaches, with major costs and risks. Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the various dietary approaches to visceral obesity with their benefits and failures Includes chapters on types of foods, exercise, and supplements in reducing obesity and its chronic clinical companions, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease Helps nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers approach patients in making decision about nutritional therapies and clinical treatments for abdominal obesity, from an evidence-based perspective
Book Synopsis Lipid Signaling and Metabolism by : James M. Ntambi
Download or read book Lipid Signaling and Metabolism written by James M. Ntambi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-08-09 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipid Signaling and Metabolism provides foundational knowledge and methods to examine lipid metabolism and bioactive lipid signaling mediators that regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes and disease states. Here, world-renowned investigators offer a basic examination of general lipid, metabolism, intracellular lipid storage and utilization that is followed by an in-depth discussion of lipid signaling and metabolism across disease areas, including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease and mood-related disorders. Throughout, authors demonstrate how expanding our understanding of lipid mediators in metabolism and signaling enables opportunities for novel therapeutics. Emphasis is placed on bioactive lipid metabolism and research that has been impacted by new technologies and their new potential to transform precision medicine. Provides a clear, up-to-date understanding of lipid signaling and metabolism and the impact of recent technologies critical to advancing new studies Empowers researchers to examine bioactive lipid signaling and metabolism, supporting translation to clinical care and precision medicine Discusses the role of lipid signaling and metabolism in obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease and mood-related disorders, among others
Book Synopsis Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue by : Yihai Cao
Download or read book Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue written by Yihai Cao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis has recently played a critical role in regulation of adipose tissue expansion and regression. Like most other tissues in the body, adipose expansion and regression is accompanied by alteration of blood vessel density and structures. The vascular alteration plays an active role in regulation of adipose tissue size and functions. Targeting blood vessels in the adipose tissue have demonstrated to be a novel approach for possibly treatment of cancer, obesity and other metabolic diseases. This book provides the most updated information on this type research and discusses future opportunities for therapy..
Book Synopsis Cellular Lipid Metabolism by : Christian Ehnholm
Download or read book Cellular Lipid Metabolism written by Christian Ehnholm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years lipids have fascinated cell biologists and biochemists due to their profound effects on cell function. "Cellular Lipid Metabolism" highlights new concepts and recent findings, but also reviews important discoveries made in the past. Outstanding international experts contribute 13 chapters on the genetics, molecular and cell biology of lipids. Presenting analyses at the molecular level they reveal the principles by which cellular lipid metabolism functions. Further, numerous intriguing observations that cannot yet be explained are identified, stimulating the readers to future studies. This book provides an invaluable source of information for biomedical researchers in energy metabolism, vascular biology, endocrinology and lipidology.
Book Synopsis Oxidative Damage to Nucleic Acids by : Mark D. Evans
Download or read book Oxidative Damage to Nucleic Acids written by Mark D. Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date coverage of selected topics in nucleic acid oxidation. The topics have been selected to cover everything from basic chemical mechanisms, repair of damage and the biological and pathological meaning of DNA oxidation. The chapters are authored by leading, research active, international experts in the respective topics.
Download or read book Enzyme Kinetics written by Irwin H. Segel and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 957 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis MiRNAs in Differentiation and Development by :
Download or read book MiRNAs in Differentiation and Development written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-17 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MiRNAs in Differentiation and Development, Volume 333, the latest in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, reviews and details current advances in cell and molecular biology. Topics in this updated volume include chapters on the Regulation of the DNA damage response by miRNAs, miRNAs and the p53 network, the Impact of miRNAs in the cellular response to hypoxia, miRNAs in oncogenesis and tumor suppression, and the Role of miRNAs in metastatic dissemination. The IRCMB series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing articles on timely topics that are authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. The articles published in IRCMB have a high impact and an average cited half-life of nine years. This great resource ranks high amongst scientific journals dealing with cell biology. Publishes only invited review articles on selected topics Authored by established and active cell and molecular biologists drawn from international sources Offers a wide range of perspectives on specific subjects
Book Synopsis Lipoproteins in Health and Disease by : John Betteridge
Download or read book Lipoproteins in Health and Disease written by John Betteridge and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-04-02 with total page 1328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive work deals with the major health problem of high lipid levels in blood, a cause of serious heart and vascular disease. Formerly the province only of the chemical pathologist, cardiologists and general physicians are now offering treatment as new 'lipid-lowering' drugs become available. The area is also of considerable interest to public health physicians as changes in lifestyle (such as dietary and smoking habits) have significant effects on lipid levels. A prestigious team of contributors covers all aspects of the topic, from molecular biology to practical dietary management to help reduce lipid levels.
Book Synopsis Nutrigenomics: How Science Works by : Carsten Carlberg
Download or read book Nutrigenomics: How Science Works written by Carsten Carlberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between our diet and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannahs of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life and our life-long “chat” with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. The content of this book is based on the lecture course “Nutrigenomics”, which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book represents an updated but simplified version of our textbook “Nutrigenomics” (ISBN 978-3-319-30413-7). Besides its value as a textbook, “Nutrigenomics: how science works” will be a useful reference for individuals working in biomedicine
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Insulin Action by : Alan R. Saltiel
Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Download or read book Nutrigenomics written by Carsten Carlberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-11 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between diet, food and nutrients, their metabolites and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannas of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life, and our life-long “chat” with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. We are not aiming to compete with more comprehensive textbooks on molecular nutrition, evolutionary biology, genomics, gene regulation or metabolic diseases, but rather will focus on the essentials and will combine, in a compact form, elements from different disciplines. In order to facilitate the latter, we favor a high figure-to-text ratio following the rule “a picture tells more than thousand words”. The content of this book is based on the lecture course “Nutrigenomics”, which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book is subdivided into three sections and twelve chapters. Following the "Introduction" there are sections on the "Molecular genetic basis" and the "Links to disease", which take a view on nutrigenomics from the perspective of molecular mechanisms or from the causes of metabolic diseases, respectively. Besides its value as a textbook, Nutrigenomics will be a usefull reference for individuals working in biomedicine.
Download or read book Integrins written by David A. Cheresh and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrin, or integrin receptor, is an integral membrane protein in the plasma membrane of cells. It plays a role in the attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to other cells, and in signal transduction from the ECM to the cell. There are many types of integrin, and many cells have multiple types on their surface. Integrins are of vital importance to all metazoans, from humans to sponges. This volume in Methods in Enzymology presents methods for studying integrins.
Book Synopsis Microbial Endocrinology by : Mark Lyte
Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.
Book Synopsis Diabetic Pregnancy by : Michael Brudenell
Download or read book Diabetic Pregnancy written by Michael Brudenell and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Density Lipoproteins by : Arnold von Eckardstein
Download or read book High Density Lipoproteins written by Arnold von Eckardstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology on “High Density Lipoproteins – from biological understanding to clinical exploitation” contributing authors (members of COST Action BM0904/HDLnet) summarize in more than 20 chapters our current knowledge on the structure, function, metabolism and regulation of HDL in health and several diseases as well as the status of past and ongoing attempts of therapeutic exploitation. The book is of interest to researchers in academia and industry focusing on lipoprotein metabolism, cardiovascular diseases and immunology as well as clinical pharmacologists, cardiologists, diabetologists, nephrologists and other clinicians interested in metabolic or inflammatory diseases.
