The Rise Of Causal Concepts Of Disease

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The Rise of Causal Concepts of Disease

Author : K. Codell Carter
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351882643
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise of Causal Concepts of Disease by : K. Codell Carter

Download or read book The Rise of Causal Concepts of Disease written by K. Codell Carter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of contemporary medical theory and practice focuses on the identification of specific causes of disease. However, this has not always been the case: until the early nineteenth century physicians thought of diseases in quite different terms. The modern quest for causes of disease can be seen as a single Lakatosian research programme. One can track the rise and elaboration of this programme by a series of case histories. The success of work on bacterial diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis tends to eclipse the broad context in which those studies were embedded. Yet, in the 1830s, fifty years before Koch's publications on tuberculosis, specific causes were already being identified for several non-bacterial diseases including scabies, muscardine and ringworm. Moreover, by the end of the century, the quest for specific causes had spread well beyond bacterial diseases. The expanding research programme included Freud's early work on psychopathology, the discovery of viruses, the discovery of vitamins, and the recognition of genetic disorders such as Down's syndrome. Existing historical discussions of research in these areas, for example, histories of work on the deficiencies diseases, take the view that success in bacteriology was a positive obstacle to the identification of causes for other kinds of diseases. Treating the quest for causes as a single coherent research programme provides a better understanding of the disease concepts that characterise the last 150 years of medical thought.

Causation and Disease

Author : Alfred S. Evans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306442834
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation and Disease by : Alfred S. Evans

Download or read book Causation and Disease written by Alfred S. Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historical review of the evolution of concepts, postulates and guidelines concerning disease causation from early germ theory to current work in the area of chronic noncontagious diseases. Students and researchers in epidemiology, clinical medicine, microbiology and related fields will value discussion of changing criteria as these apply to speci

Concepts of Epidemiology

Author : Raj S. Bhopal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198739680
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts of Epidemiology by : Raj S. Bhopal

Download or read book Concepts of Epidemiology written by Raj S. Bhopal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First edition published in 2002. Second edition published in 2008.

A History of Public Health

Author : George Rosen
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421416018
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Public Health by : George Rosen

Download or read book A History of Public Health written by George Rosen and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2015-04 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For seasoned professionals as well as students, A History of Public Health is visionary and essential reading.

Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century

Author : George Weisz
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421413027
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century by : George Weisz

Download or read book Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century written by George Weisz and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century challenges the conventional wisdom that the concept of chronic disease emerged because medicine's ability to cure infectious disease led to changing patterns of disease. Instead, it suggests, the concept was constructed and has evolved to serve a variety of political and social purposes. How and why the concept developed differently in the United States, an United Kingdom, and France are central concerns of this work. While an international consensus now exists, the different paths taken by these three countries continue to exert profound influence. This book seeks to explain why, among the innumerable problems faced by societies, some problems in some places become viewed as critical public issues that shape health policy. -- from back cover.

The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease

Author : Derek Bolton
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030118991
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease by : Derek Bolton

Download or read book The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease written by Derek Bolton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is a systematic update of the philosophical and scientific foundations of the biopsychosocial model of health, disease and healthcare. First proposed by George Engel 40 years ago, the Biopsychosocial Model is much cited in healthcare settings worldwide, but has been increasingly criticised for being vague, lacking in content, and in need of reworking in the light of recent developments. The book confronts the rapid changes to psychological science, neuroscience, healthcare, and philosophy that have occurred since the model was first proposed and addresses key issues such as the model’s scientific basis, clinical utility, and philosophical coherence. The authors conceptualise biology and the psychosocial as in the same ontological space, interlinked by systems of communication-based regulatory control which constitute a new kind of causation. These are distinguished from physical and chemical laws, most clearly because they can break down, thus providing the basis for difference between health and disease. This work offers an urgent update to the model’s scientific and philosophical foundations, providing a new and coherent account of causal interactions between the biological, the psychological and social.

Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors

Author : Alan D. Lopez
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821362631
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors by : Alan D. Lopez

Download or read book Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors written by Alan D. Lopez and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-02 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic health planning, the cornerstone of initiatives designed to achieve health improvement goals around the world, requires an understanding of the comparative burden of diseases and injuries, their corresponding risk factors and the likely effects of invervention options. The Global Burden of Disease framework, originally published in 1990, has been widely adopted as the preferred method for health accounting and has become the standard to guide the setting of health research priorities. This publication sets out an updated assessment of the situation, with an analysis of trends observed since 1990 and a chapter on the sensitivity of GBD estimates to various sources of uncertainty in methods and data.

The New Public Health

Author : Theodore H. Tulchinsky
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012415767X
Total Pages : 912 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Public Health by : Theodore H. Tulchinsky

Download or read book The New Public Health written by Theodore H. Tulchinsky and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-03-26 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Public Health has established itself as a solid textbook throughout the world. Translated into 7 languages, this work distinguishes itself from other public health textbooks, which are either highly locally oriented or, if international, lack the specificity of local issues relevant to students' understanding of applied public health in their own setting. This 3e provides a unified approach to public health appropriate for all masters' level students and practitioners—specifically for courses in MPH programs, community health and preventive medicine programs, community health education programs, and community health nursing programs, as well as programs for other medical professionals such as pharmacy, physiotherapy, and other public health courses. Changes in infectious and chronic disease epidemiology including vaccines, health promotion, human resources for health and health technology Lessons from H1N1, pandemic threats, disease eradication, nutritional health Trends of health systems and reforms and consequences of current economic crisis for health Public health law, ethics, scientific d health technology advances and assessment Global Health environment, Millennium Development Goals and international NGOs

Death in a Small Package

Author : Susan D. Jones
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press+ORM
ISBN 13 : 1421402521
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Death in a Small Package by : Susan D. Jones

Download or read book Death in a Small Package written by Susan D. Jones and published by Johns Hopkins University Press+ORM. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at the historical development of the lethal disease and its relationship with humanity. A disease of soil, animals, and people, anthrax has threatened lives for at least two thousand years. Farmers have long recognized its lasting virulence, but in our time, anthrax has been associated with terrorism and warfare. What accounts for this frightening transformation? Death in a Small Package recounts how this ubiquitous agricultural disease came to be one of the deadliest and most feared biological weapons in the world. Bacillus anthracis is lethal. Animals killed by the disease are buried deep underground, where anthrax spores remain viable for decades or even centuries and, if accidentally disturbed, can cause new infections. But anthrax can be deliberately aerosolized and used to kill—as it was in the United States in 2001. Historian and veterinarian Susan D. Jones recounts the life story of anthrax through the biology of the bacillus; the political, economic, geographic, and scientific factors that affect anthrax prevalence; and the cultural beliefs about the disease that have shaped human responses to it. She explains how Bacillus anthracis became domesticated, discusses what researchers have learned from numerous outbreaks, and analyzes how the bacillus came to be weaponized and what this development means for the modern world. Jones compellingly narrates the biography of this frightfully hardy disease from the ancient world through the present day. “Death in a Small Package is interesting, well written, and accessible, presenting a worthwhile addition to the history of modern medicine and bacteriological science.” —Karen Brown, Isis

The Medical Model in Mental Health

Author : Ahmed Samei Huda
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192534092
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Medical Model in Mental Health by : Ahmed Samei Huda

Download or read book The Medical Model in Mental Health written by Ahmed Samei Huda and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many published books that comment on the medical model have been written by doctors, who assume that readers have the same knowledge of medicine, or by those who have attempted to discredit and attack the medical practice. Both types of book have tended to present diagnostic categories in medicine as universally scientifically valid examples of clear-cut diseases easily distinguished from each other and from health; with a fixed prognosis; and with a well-understood aetiology leading to disease-reversing treatments. These are contrasted with psychiatric diagnoses and treatments, which are described as unclear and inadequate in comparison. The Medical Model in Mental Health: An Explanation and Evaluation explores the overlap between the usefulness of diagnostic constructs (which enable prognosis and treatment decisions) and the therapeutic effectiveness of psychiatry compared with general medicine. The book explains the medical model and how it applies in mental health, assuming little knowledge or experience of medicine, and defends psychiatry as a medical practice.

Causality

Author : Judea Pearl
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 052189560X
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Causality by : Judea Pearl

Download or read book Causality written by Judea Pearl and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causality offers the first comprehensive coverage of causal analysis in many sciences, including recent advances using graphical methods. Pearl presents a unified account of the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual and structural approaches to causation, and devises simple mathematical tools for analyzing the relationships between causal connections, statistical associations, actions and observations. The book will open the way for including causal analysis in the standard curriculum of statistics, artificial intelligence ...

The Burdens of Disease

Author : J. N. Hays
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813548179
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis The Burdens of Disease by : J. N. Hays

Download or read book The Burdens of Disease written by J. N. Hays and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the original edition of The Burdens of Disease that appeared in ISIS stated, "Hays has written a remarkable book. He too has a message: That epidemics are primarily dependent on poverty and that the West has consistently refused to accept this." This revised edition confirms the book's timely value and provides a sweeping approach to the history of disease. In this updated volume, with revisions and additions to the original content, including the evolution of drug-resistant diseases and expanded coverage of HIV/AIDS, along with recent data on mortality figures and other relevant statistics, J. N. Hays chronicles perceptions and responses to plague and pestilence over two thousand years of western history. Disease is framed as a multidimensional construct, situated at the intersection of history, politics, culture, and medicine, and rooted in mentalities and social relations as much as in biological conditions of pathology. This revised edition of The Burdens of Disease also studies the victims of epidemics, paying close attention to the relationships among poverty, power, and disease.

Key Concepts in Public Health

Author : Frances Wilson
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1446243559
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis Key Concepts in Public Health by : Frances Wilson

Download or read book Key Concepts in Public Health written by Frances Wilson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2008-11-19 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a very good text for undergraduate students as it gives a broad overview of the concept of public health, utilising case studies to illustrate practical application. This book would be also be an excellent way for practitioners to increase their own knowledge of public health and could inform their own continuing professional development." Julie Lemprière, University of Gloucestershire Key Concepts in Public Health identifies fifty key concepts used across the discipline of public health in order to give the reader a broad perspective of the core topics relevant to training and practice. From epidemiology to health promotion, and ethics to leadership, the book offers an exciting guide to the multiprofessional field. Each entry features: - a snapshot definition of the concept - a broader discussion addressing the main issues and links to practice - key points relevant to the entry - case studies to illustrate the application to practice - examples of further reading. Highly readable, with clear indexing and cross referencing, this is an ideal book to turn to for learning more about key issues in public health practice and education. The clever structure means the book can be read in its entirety to support a programme of study or readers can use it to dip into and update their knowledge of a particular concept. It meets the validation requirements of all allied health and nursing training programmes and will also be invaluable for policy-makers and healthcare practitioners continuing their professional education.

Theories of Illness

Author : George Peter Murdock
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822976307
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Theories of Illness by : George Peter Murdock

Download or read book Theories of Illness written by George Peter Murdock and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 1980-12-15 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important contribution to medical anthropology, this work defines the principal causes if illness that are reported throughout the world, distinguishing those involving natural causation from the more widely prevalent hypotheses advancing supernatural explanations.

Elements of Causal Inference

Author : Jonas Peters
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262037319
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Elements of Causal Inference by : Jonas Peters

Download or read book Elements of Causal Inference written by Jonas Peters and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise and self-contained introduction to causal inference, increasingly important in data science and machine learning. The mathematization of causality is a relatively recent development, and has become increasingly important in data science and machine learning. This book offers a self-contained and concise introduction to causal models and how to learn them from data. After explaining the need for causal models and discussing some of the principles underlying causal inference, the book teaches readers how to use causal models: how to compute intervention distributions, how to infer causal models from observational and interventional data, and how causal ideas could be exploited for classical machine learning problems. All of these topics are discussed first in terms of two variables and then in the more general multivariate case. The bivariate case turns out to be a particularly hard problem for causal learning because there are no conditional independences as used by classical methods for solving multivariate cases. The authors consider analyzing statistical asymmetries between cause and effect to be highly instructive, and they report on their decade of intensive research into this problem. The book is accessible to readers with a background in machine learning or statistics, and can be used in graduate courses or as a reference for researchers. The text includes code snippets that can be copied and pasted, exercises, and an appendix with a summary of the most important technical concepts.

Causation, Prediction, and Search

Author : Peter Spirtes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461227488
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation, Prediction, and Search by : Peter Spirtes

Download or read book Causation, Prediction, and Search written by Peter Spirtes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for anyone, regardless of discipline, who is interested in the use of statistical methods to help obtain scientific explanations or to predict the outcomes of actions, experiments or policies. Much of G. Udny Yule's work illustrates a vision of statistics whose goal is to investigate when and how causal influences may be reliably inferred, and their comparative strengths estimated, from statistical samples. Yule's enterprise has been largely replaced by Ronald Fisher's conception, in which there is a fundamental cleavage between experimental and non experimental inquiry, and statistics is largely unable to aid in causal inference without randomized experimental trials. Every now and then members of the statistical community express misgivings about this turn of events, and, in our view, rightly so. Our work represents a return to something like Yule's conception of the enterprise of theoretical statistics and its potential practical benefits. If intellectual history in the 20th century had gone otherwise, there might have been a discipline to which our work belongs. As it happens, there is not. We develop material that belongs to statistics, to computer science, and to philosophy; the combination may not be entirely satisfactory for specialists in any of these subjects. We hope it is nonetheless satisfactory for its purpose.

A Cultural History of Causality

Author : Stephen Kern
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400826233
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Causality by : Stephen Kern

Download or read book A Cultural History of Causality written by Stephen Kern and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-10 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pioneering work is the first to trace how our understanding of the causes of human behavior has changed radically over the course of European and American cultural history since 1830. Focusing on the act of murder, as documented vividly by more than a hundred novels including Crime and Punishment, An American Tragedy, The Trial, and Lolita, Stephen Kern devotes each chapter of A Cultural History of Causality to examining a specific causal factor or motive for murder--ancestry, childhood, language, sexuality, emotion, mind, society, and ideology. In addition to drawing on particular novels, each chapter considers the sciences (genetics, endocrinology, physiology, neuroscience) and systems of thought (psychoanalysis, linguistics, sociology, forensic psychiatry, and existential philosophy) most germane to each causal factor or motive. Kern identifies five shifts in thinking about causality, shifts toward increasing specificity, multiplicity, complexity, probability, and uncertainty. He argues that the more researchers learned about the causes of human behavior, the more they realized how much more there was to know and how little they knew about what they thought they knew. The book closes by considering the revolutionary impact of quantum theory, which, though it influenced novelists only marginally, shattered the model of causal understanding that had dominated Western thought since the seventeenth century. Others have addressed changing ideas about causality in specific areas, but no one has tackled a broad cultural history of this concept as does Stephen Kern in this engagingly written and lucidly argued book.