The Return To Increased Public Expenditures On Education

Download The Return To Increased Public Expenditures On Education full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Return To Increased Public Expenditures On Education ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Return to Increased Public Expenditures on Education

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (776 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Return to Increased Public Expenditures on Education by :

Download or read book The Return to Increased Public Expenditures on Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investments needed to meet anticipated demands and expand access to higher education will be expensive. Quite reasonably, taxpayers and their representatives have been asking why they should contribute more to the support of educational institutions. Shouldn't those who directly benefit from improving educational attainment pay their own way? And if they choose not to invest in their own education, isn't that their problem? Until good answers can be provided to such questions, it will be difficult to convince federal, state, and local policymakers that they should make the investments in high schools and colleges necessary to improve access to higher education. The research summarized here provides strong arguments for why Americans should invest more in education. We compare the public cost of providing increased education to the benefits that taxpayers will directly realize from such increases. These benefits include both reductions in the costs of government, and therefore in the costs taxpayers incur, and increase in government revenues. Specifically, we estimate the extent to which increased education will result in: reductions in public expenditures on public assistance and social insurance programs, reductions in public expenditures on incarceration-the costs of building and operating prisons and jails, and increases in federal, state, and local taxes and in contributions to social insurance programs. Our findings indicate that investing in increased educational attainment at any level-say, providing two more years of high school to those who would have dropped out after tenth grade, or providing two years of college to those with only a high school diploma-leads to remarkable public savings over time. If, for example, the nation were committed to providing all Americans with the average level of education now achieved by non-Hispanic whites, the investment would provide a return to taxpayer's two-and-one-half times the original cost.

Unproductive Public Expenditures

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1557755418
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (577 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Unproductive Public Expenditures by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book Unproductive Public Expenditures written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-04-04 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public expenditure policy, together with efforts to raise revenue,is at the core of efficient and equitable adjustment. Public expenditureproductivity has critical implications for fiscal adjustment, particularly as the competition for limited public resources intensifies.By providing a framework for defining and analyzing public expenditureproductivity and unproductive expenditures, this pamphlet discusseshow economic policymakers may approach these issues.

public expenditure and growth

Author : Santiago Herrera
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis public expenditure and growth by : Santiago Herrera

Download or read book public expenditure and growth written by Santiago Herrera and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Given that public spending will have a positive impact on GDP if the benefits exceed the marginal cost of public funds, the present paper deals with measuring costs and benefits of public spending. The paper discusses one cost seldom considered in the literature and in policy debates, namely, the volatility derived from additional public spending. The paper identifies a relationship between public spending volatility and consumption volatility, which implies a direct welfare loss to society. This loss is substantial in developing countries, estimated at 8 percent of consumption. If welfare losses due to volatility are this sizeable, then measuring the benefits of public spending is critical. Gauging benefits based on macro aggregate data requires three caveats: a) considering of the impact of the funding (taxation) required for the additional public spending; b) differentiating between investment and capital formation; c) allowing for heterogeneous response of output to different types of capital and differences in network development. It is essential to go beyond country-specificity to project-level evaluation of the benefits and costs of public projects. From the micro viewpoint, the rate of return of a project must exceed the marginal cost of public funds, determined by tax levels and structure. Credible evaluations require microeconomic evidence and careful specification of counterfactuals. On this, the impact evaluation literature and methods play a critical role. From individual project evaluation, the analyst must contemplate the general equilibrium impacts. In general, the paper advocates for project evaluation as a central piece of any development platform. By increasing the efficiency of public spending, the government can permanently increase the rate of productivity growth and, hence, affect the growth rate of GDP.

Quality Education

Author : Walter Leal Filho
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319958699
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (586 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Quality Education by : Walter Leal Filho

Download or read book Quality Education written by Walter Leal Filho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable. The United Nations has acknowledged the problem and approved the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. It encompasses 17 volumes, each devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume addresses SDG 4, namely "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all" and contains the description of a range of terms, to allow a better understanding and foster knowledge. Concretely, the defined targets are: Ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes Ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education Ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university Substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship Eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations Ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy Ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all Substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing states and African countries, for enrollment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries Substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing states Editorial Board Olivia A.M. Freeman, Johannes M. Luetz, Petra Molthan-Hill, Theam Foo Ng, Umesh Chandra Pandey, Rudi Pretorius, Valeria Ruiz Vargas, Pinar Gökçin Özuyar

The Economics of Education

Author : Steve Bradley
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0081026455
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Economics of Education by : Steve Bradley

Download or read book The Economics of Education written by Steve Bradley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Education: A Comprehensive Overview, Second Edition, offers a comprehensive and current overview of the field of that is broadly accessible economists, researchers and students. This new edition revises the original 50 authoritative articles and adds Developed (US and European) and Developing Country perspectives, reflecting the differences in institutional structures that help to shape teacher labor markets and the effect of competition on student outcomes. Provides international perspectives that describe the origins of key subjects, their major issues and proponents, their landmark studies, and opportunities for future research Increases developing county perspectives and comparisons of cross-country institutions Requires no prior knowledge of the economics of education

Toward a New Methodology for Estimating the Marginal Social Rate of Return to Public Investments in Higher Education

Author : Jan Lewandrowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Toward a New Methodology for Estimating the Marginal Social Rate of Return to Public Investments in Higher Education by : Jan Lewandrowski

Download or read book Toward a New Methodology for Estimating the Marginal Social Rate of Return to Public Investments in Higher Education written by Jan Lewandrowski and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States invests tens of billions of dollars in higher education each year. This had led many researchers to estimate the marginal and average rates of return to these expenditures. Past works, however, have been partial in scope. That is, they have counted only the benefits of higher education which result from the increased earnings of college graduates over people with only a high school diploma. Additional benefits, such as lower consumer prices which result from a more productive work force, have not been considered previously and empirically estimated. The purpose of the present study was to use the techniques of applied welfare analysis to develop a new approach to estimating the marginal social rate of return to investments in higher education. The annual economic benefits to society from increased levels of public support for higher education are estimated by changes in areas of consumer and producer surplus associated with the general equilibrium supply and demand curves for college educated labor. These benefits are then equated with the increased expenditures using a standard discount formula, and a marginal social rate of return is calculated. Data for this study come from the Bureau of the Census and the National Center for Educational Statistics. The supply and demand curves for the labor of college graduates are estimated by ordinary least squares regression treating each state as a separate labor market. Our analysis suggests that further increases in the level of public expenditures for higher education may not be justified using cost benefit analysis techniques. The weakness of the statistical properties associated with our empirical results, however, indicates considerable additional research is necessary prior to making a policy recommendation on the issue.

Public Expenditure on Higher Education

Author : Frans Kaiser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Public Expenditure on Higher Education by : Frans Kaiser

Download or read book Public Expenditure on Higher Education written by Frans Kaiser and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comparative analysis of higher education expenditure in the member states of the EC, presenting the results of a study undertaken by the Commission of the European Community as part of their pluri-annual study programme in the field of education, training and youth policy. It assesses in detail the indicators, concepts and methodologies used in the study, asking why public expenditure on higher eduction differs between the twelve member states, and discussing the definition of higher education, public vs private expenditure and the type of expenditure included in the study, as well as looking at the effect of exchange rates and purchasing power standards in comparing higher eduction expenditure. Descriptions of the different higher education systems and funding mechanisms are provided, analyzing the outcome of the survey for each member state in conjunction with the conceptual and methodological issues, as well as an in-depth analysis of the survey results, including a spatio-temporal comparison.

The Benefits to Taxpayers from Increases in Studentsâ€TM Educational Attainment

Author : Stephen J. Carroll
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833049372
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Benefits to Taxpayers from Increases in Studentsâ€TM Educational Attainment by : Stephen J. Carroll

Download or read book The Benefits to Taxpayers from Increases in Studentsâ€TM Educational Attainment written by Stephen J. Carroll and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increases in educational attainment benefit the public because more highly educated people tend to pay more in taxes, are less likely to use social support programs, and are less likely to commit crimes. This volume examines the monetary value of these benefits over an individual's lifetime and how they vary with education level.

Efficiency and Effectiveness of Public Expenditure on Tertiary Education in the EU

Author : European Commission. Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Efficiency and Effectiveness of Public Expenditure on Tertiary Education in the EU by : European Commission. Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs

Download or read book Efficiency and Effectiveness of Public Expenditure on Tertiary Education in the EU written by European Commission. Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Introduction - 2. Lessons from the literature - 3. Main trends and performance in tertiary education - 4. Mapping performance with institutions: lessons from country experience - 5. Reform fo tertiary education in the EU - 6. Summary and policy conclusions - 7. Statistical annex - 8. References.

Investing in Indonesia's Education

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Investing in Indonesia's Education by :

Download or read book Investing in Indonesia's Education written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the current trends and main characteristics of public education spending in Indonesia? Is education spending insufficient? Are expenditures in education efficient and equitable? This study reports the first account of Indonesia's aggregated (national and sub-national) spending on education, as well as the economic composition of education spending and its breakdown by programs. It presents estimations of the expected (average) level of education spending for a country with its economic and social characteristics. This analysis sheds light on the efficiency and equity of education spending by presenting social rates of return by level of education, by assessing the adequacy of current teacher earnings relative to other paid workers and the distribution of teachers across urban, rural, and remote regions, and by identifying the main determinants of education enrollment. It concludes that the current challenges in Indonesia are no longer defined by the need of additional spending, but rather the need to improve the quality of education services, and to improve the efficiency of education expenditures by re-allocating teachers to undersupplied regions and re-adjusting the spending mix within and between education programs for future additional spending in the sector. The study finds that poverty and student-aged labor are also significant constraints to education enrollment, stressing the importance of policies aimed at addressing demand-side factors.

Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa

Author : Tewodaj Mogues
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136445390
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa by : Tewodaj Mogues

Download or read book Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa written by Tewodaj Mogues and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whereas there is plenty of work looking at macroeconomic effect of public spending on growth and poverty in Africa as well as studies of the impact of spending or investment in one economic sector on outcomes in that sector or on broader welfare measures, this book fills a much needed gap in the research looking how the composition of public spending affects key development outcomes in the region. The book brings together recent analysis on the trends in, and returns to, public spending for agricultural growth and rural development in Africa. Case studies of selected African countries provide insights on the contributions of different types of public expenditures for poverty, growth and welfare outcomes, as well as insights into the constraints in gaining development mileage from investments in the agricultural sector.

The Economics of Public Spending

Author : David Miles
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780191593284
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (932 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Economics of Public Spending by : David Miles

Download or read book The Economics of Public Spending written by David Miles and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003-03-20 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Public Spending investigates the extent of government involvement in the economy, details its rational, and traces its historical record. The book unites articles previously published in Fiscal Studies, each one addressing a different area of expenditure and written by an economist specializing in that field. They describe both the data on public expenditure and the theory relevant to understanding the policy issues. A new introduction investigates the overall role of the public sector and discusses the general theory of public expenditure. In providing a detailed analysis of public expenditure, the book makes an important contribution to the economics literature. There are no other texts with this breadth of coverage or depth of analysis. Insights are provided into both the policy issues, cross-country comparisons of expenditure, and alternative approaches to economic analysis. The chapters apply the tools of orthodox public finance, public choice, modern public economics, and game theory to reach a range of policy proposals and conclusions. These demonstrate the range and potential of economic analysis when applied to these important issues.

The Distribution of Mexico's Public Spending on Education

Author : Gladys Lopez Acevedo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Distribution of Mexico's Public Spending on Education by : Gladys Lopez Acevedo

Download or read book The Distribution of Mexico's Public Spending on Education written by Gladys Lopez Acevedo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public spending on tertiary education in Mexico is strongly regressive, benefiting mainly the nonpoor in urban areas. To give the poor a chance at higher education, student loan programs or means-tested financial aid and scholarship programs (though rarely devoid of subsidy) are preferable to free education services, because loan and aid programs target the students who suffer from the financial market's failure to provide long-term loans for higher education.

Public Expenditure, Management and Control

Author : Sir Richard Clarke
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349037389
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (49 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Public Expenditure, Management and Control by : Sir Richard Clarke

Download or read book Public Expenditure, Management and Control written by Sir Richard Clarke and published by Springer. This book was released on 1978-06-17 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty

Author : Fan, Shenggen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 080188859X
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty by : Fan, Shenggen

Download or read book Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty written by Fan, Shenggen and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2008-05-11 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty assesses the efficacy of poverty reduction programs in Latin America, Africa, and Asia by synthesizing studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute over the past ten years. Overall, the studies find that investments in agricultural research, infrastructure, and human capital are beneficial in the long term, while food aid and poverty reduction programs have little utility beyond immediately abating hunger and generating short-run income effects. The book develops a conceptual framework for analyzing public expenditures and their short- and long-run impact on poverty through various channels. It surveys spending trends and analyzes the effect of growing public investment on urban and rural poverty through case studies of India, China, Thailand, and Uganda. And it highlights the advantages of directing spending toward public works programs that engage impoverished peoples rather than using the limited aid money on food subsidies and other passive donations. Featuring discussions about the roles of various social safety net programs and a chapter devoted solely to the vexing poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty will aid policy makers and encourage further, more analytic study of worldwide poverty reduction programs.

Investment in Education

Author : Andrea Montanino
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Investment in Education by : Andrea Montanino

Download or read book Investment in Education written by Andrea Montanino and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Productivity in Higher Education

Author : Caroline M. Hoxby
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022657458X
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Productivity in Higher Education by : Caroline M. Hoxby

Download or read book Productivity in Higher Education written by Caroline M. Hoxby and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do the benefits of higher education compare with its costs, and how does this comparison vary across individuals and institutions? These questions are fundamental to quantifying the productivity of the education sector. The studies in Productivity in Higher Education use rich and novel administrative data, modern econometric methods, and careful institutional analysis to explore productivity issues. The authors examine the returns to undergraduate education, differences in costs by major, the productivity of for-profit schools, the productivity of various types of faculty and of outcomes, the effects of online education on the higher education market, and the ways in which the productivity of different institutions responds to market forces. The analyses recognize five key challenges to assessing productivity in higher education: the potential for multiple student outcomes in terms of skills, earnings, invention, and employment; the fact that colleges and universities are “multiproduct” firms that conduct varied activities across many domains; the fact that students select which school to attend based in part on their aptitude; the difficulty of attributing outcomes to individual institutions when students attend more than one; and the possibility that some of the benefits of higher education may arise from the system as a whole rather than from a single institution. The findings and the approaches illustrated can facilitate decision-making processes in higher education.