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The Reformers And The American Indian
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Book Synopsis The Reformers and the American Indian by : Robert Winston Mardock
Download or read book The Reformers and the American Indian written by Robert Winston Mardock and published by [Columbia] : University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 1971 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author examines the role of such reformers as Lydia Maria Child, William Lloyd Garrison, Lucretia Mott, and Wendell Phillips on government Indian policy.
Book Synopsis American Indian Policy in Crisis by : Francis Paul Prucha
Download or read book American Indian Policy in Crisis written by Francis Paul Prucha and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2014-04-14 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book a distinguished authority in the field presents an account of United States Indian policy in the years 1865 to 1900, one of the most critical periods in Indian-white relations. Francis Paul Prucha discusses in detail the major developments of those years—Grant's Peace Policy, the reservation system, the agitation for transfer of Indian affairs to military control, the General Allotment Act (the Dawes Act), Indian citizenship, Indian education, Civil Service reform of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the dissolution of the Indian nations of the Indian Territory. American Indian Policy in Crisis focuses on the Christian humanitarians and philanthropists who were the ultimate driving force in the "reform" of Indian affairs. The programs of these men and women to individualize and Americanize the Indians and turn them into patriotic American citizens indistinguishable from their white neighbors are examined at length. The story is not a pretty one, for reformers' changes were often disastrous for the Indians, and yet it is a tremendously important work for understanding the Indians’ situation and their place in American society today. Prucha does not treat Indian policy in isolation but relates it to the dominant cultural and intellectual currents of the age. This book furnishes a view of the evangelical Christian influence on American policy and the reforming spirit it engendered, both of which have a significance extending beyond Indian policy alone. Thorough documentation and an excellent bibliography enhance its value.
Download or read book Citizen Indians written by Lucy Maddox and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the 1890s, white Americans were avid consumers of American Indian cultures. At heavily scripted Wild West shows, Chautauquas, civic pageants, expositions, and fairs, American Indians were most often cast as victims, noble remnants of a vanishing race, or docile candidates for complete assimilation. However, as Lucy Maddox demonstrates in Citizen Indians, some prominent Indian intellectuals of the era--including Gertrude Bonnin, Charles Eastman, and Arthur C. Parker--were able to adapt and reshape the forms of public performance as one means of entering the national conversation and as a core strategy in the pan-tribal reform efforts that paralleled other Progressive-era reform movements.Maddox examines the work of American Indian intellectuals and reformers in the context of the Society of American Indians, which brought together educated, professional Indians in a period when the "Indian question" loomed large. These thinkers belonged to the first generation of middle-class American Indians more concerned with racial categories and civil rights than with the status of individual tribes. They confronted acute crises: the imposition of land allotments, the abrogation of the treaty process, the removal of Indian children to boarding schools, and the continuing denial of birthright citizenship to Indians that maintained their status as wards of the state. By adapting forms of public discourse and performance already familiar to white audiences, Maddox argues, American Indian reformers could more effectively pursue self-representation and political autonomy.
Book Synopsis Selling the Indian by : Carter Jones Meyer
Download or read book Selling the Indian written by Carter Jones Meyer and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2001-08 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays consider the selling of American Indian culture and how it affects the Native community, showing how appropriation of American Indian cultures have been persistent practices of American society over the last century, constituting a form of cultural imperialism that could contribute to the destruction of American Indian culture and identity.
Book Synopsis We Have a Religion by : Tisa Joy Wenger
Download or read book We Have a Religion written by Tisa Joy Wenger and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For Native Americans, religious freedom has been an elusive goal. From nineteenth-century bans on indigenous ceremonial practices to twenty-first-century legal battles over sacred lands, peyote use, and hunting practices, the U.S. government has often act
Book Synopsis A Century of Dishonor by : Helen Hunt Jackson
Download or read book A Century of Dishonor written by Helen Hunt Jackson and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Indian Constitutional Reform and the Rebuilding of Native Nations by : Eric D. Lemont
Download or read book American Indian Constitutional Reform and the Rebuilding of Native Nations written by Eric D. Lemont and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2009-08-17 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1975, when the U.S. government adopted a policy of self-determination for American Indian nations, a large number of the 562 federally recognized nations have seized the opportunity to govern themselves and determine their own economic, political, and cultural futures. As a first and crucial step in this process, many nations are revising constitutions originally developed by the U.S. government to create governmental structures more attuned to native people's unique cultural and political values. These new constitutions and the governing institutions they create are fostering greater governmental stability and accountability, increasing citizen support of government, and providing a firmer foundation for economic and political development. This book brings together for the first time the writings of tribal reform leaders, academics, and legal practitioners to offer a comprehensive overview of American Indian nations' constitutional reform processes and the rebuilding of native nations. The book is organized in three sections. The first part investigates the historical, cultural, economic, and political motivations behind American Indian nations' recent reform efforts. The second part examines the most significant areas of reform, including criteria for tribal membership/citizenship and the reform of governmental institutions. The book concludes with a discussion of how American Indian nations are navigating the process of reform, including overcoming the politics of reform, maximizing citizen participation, and developing short-term and long-term programs of civic education.
Book Synopsis Americanizing the American Indians by : Francis Paul Prucha
Download or read book Americanizing the American Indians written by Francis Paul Prucha and published by Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1973 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ... Forty seven selections from the extensive literature of the reformer's campaign are compiled in this volume... Included are: Carl Schurz, Henry L. Dawes, Amelia S. Quinton, Herbert Welsh, Lyman Abbor, Richard Henry Pratt, James B. Thayer, and Thomas J. Morgan." Dust jacket.
Book Synopsis American Indians and the Rhetoric of Removal and Allotment by : Jason Edward Black
Download or read book American Indians and the Rhetoric of Removal and Allotment written by Jason Edward Black and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2015-02-10 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jason Edward Black examines the ways the US government’s rhetoric and American Indian responses contributed to the policies of Native–US relations throughout the nineteenth century’s removal and allotment eras. Black shows how these discourses together constructed the perception of the US government and of American Indian communities. Such interactions—though certainly not equal—illustrated the hybrid nature of Native–US rhetoric in the nineteenth century. Both governmental, colonizing discourse and indigenous, decolonizing discourse shaped arguments, constructions of identity, and rhetoric in the colonial relationship. American Indians and the Rhetoric of Removal and Allotment demonstrates how American Indians decolonized dominant rhetoric through impeding removal and allotment policies. By turning around the US government’s narrative and inventing their own tactics, American Indian communities helped restyle their own identities as well as the government’s. During the first third of the twentieth century, American Indians lobbied for the successful passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 and the Indian New Deal of 1934, changing the relationship once again. In the end, Native communities were granted increased rhetorical power through decolonization, though the US government retained an undeniable colonial influence through its territorial management of Natives. The Indian Citizenship Act and the Indian New Deal—as the conclusion of this book indicates—are emblematic of the prevalence of the duality of US citizenship that fused American Indians to the nation yet segregated them on reservations. This duality of inclusion and exclusion grew incrementally and persists now, as a lasting effect of nineteenth-century Native–US rhetorical relations.
Book Synopsis The Gods of Indian Country by : Jennifer Graber
Download or read book The Gods of Indian Country written by Jennifer Graber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the nineteenth century, white Americans sought the cultural transformation and physical displacement of Native people. Though this process was certainly a clash of rival economic systems and racial ideologies, it was also a profound spiritual struggle. The fight over Indian Country sparked religious crises among both Natives and Americans. In The Gods of Indian Country, Jennifer Graber tells the story of the Kiowa Indians during Anglo-Americans' hundred-year effort to seize their homeland. Like Native people across the American West, Kiowas had known struggle and dislocation before. But the forces bearing down on them-soldiers, missionaries, and government officials-were unrelenting. With pressure mounting, Kiowas adapted their ritual practices in the hope that they could use sacred power to save their lands and community. Against the Kiowas stood Protestant and Catholic leaders, missionaries, and reformers who hoped to remake Indian Country. These activists saw themselves as the Indians' friends, teachers, and protectors. They also asserted the primacy of white Christian civilization and the need to transform the spiritual and material lives of Native people. When Kiowas and other Native people resisted their designs, these Christians supported policies that broke treaties and appropriated Indian lands. They argued that the gifts bestowed by Christianity and civilization outweighed the pains that accompanied the denial of freedoms, the destruction of communities, and the theft of resources. In order to secure Indian Country and control indigenous populations, Christian activists sanctified the economic and racial hierarchies of their day. The Gods of Indian Country tells a complex, fascinating-and ultimately heartbreaking-tale of the struggle for the American West.
Book Synopsis Wild West Shows and the Images of American Indians, 1883-1933 by : L. G. Moses
Download or read book Wild West Shows and the Images of American Indians, 1883-1933 written by L. G. Moses and published by UNM Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the lives and experiences of Show Indians from their own point of view.
Book Synopsis The Dawes Act and the Allotment of Indian Lands by : D. S. Otis
Download or read book The Dawes Act and the Allotment of Indian Lands written by D. S. Otis and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2014-04-03 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The many congressional acts and plans for the administration of Indian affairs in the West often resulted in confusion and misapplication. Only rarely were the ideals of those who sincerely wished to help American Indians realized. This book, first printed as a part of the hearings before the House of Representatives Committee on Indian Affairs in 1934, is a detailed and fully documented account of the Dawes Act of 1887 and its consequences up to 1900. D. S. Otis's investigation of the motives of the reformers who supported the Dawes Act indicates that it failed to fulfill many of the hopes of its sponsors. The reasons for the act's failure were complex but predictable. Many Indians were not culturally prepared for severalty. Provisions in the act for leasing or selling their land enabled many to circumvent the responsibilities of private ownership, which reformers and bureaucrats alike had thought would provide a “civilizing” influence. The Dawes Act and the Allotment of Indian Land is the only full-scale study of the Dawes Act and its impact upon American Indian society and culture. With the addition of an introduction, revised footnotes, and an index by Francis Paul Prucha, S. J., it is essential to any understanding of the present circumstances and problems of American Indians today.
Book Synopsis The Indian Frontier 1846-1890 by : Robert M. Utley
Download or read book The Indian Frontier 1846-1890 written by Robert M. Utley and published by UNM Press. This book was released on 2003-10-30 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1984, Robert Utley's The Indian Frontier of the American West, 1846-1890, is considered a classic for both students and scholars. For this revision, Utley includes scholarship and research that has become available in recent years. What they said about the first edition: "[The Indian Frontier of the American West, 1846-1890] provides an excellent synthesis of Indian-white relations in the trans-Mississippi West during the last half-century of the frontier period." - Journal of American History "The Indian Frontier of the American West combines good writing, solid research, and penetrating interpretations. The result is a fresh and welcome study that departs from the soldier-chases-Indian approach that is all too typical of other books on the topic." - Minnesota History "[Robert M. Utley] has carefully eschewed sensationalism and glib oversimplification in favor of critical appraisal, and his firm command of some of the best published research of others provides a solid foundation for his basic argument that Indian hostility in the half century following the Mexican War was directed less at the white man per se than at the hated reservation system itself." - Pacific Historical Review Choice Magazine Outstanding Selection
Book Synopsis Education for Extinction by : David Wallace Adams
Download or read book Education for Extinction written by David Wallace Adams and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last "Indian War" was fought against Native American children in the dormitories and classrooms of government boarding schools. Only by removing Indian children from their homes for extended periods of time, policymakers reasoned, could white "civilization" take root while childhood memories of "savagism" gradually faded to the point of extinction. In the words of one official: "Kill the Indian and save the man." Education for Extinction offers the first comprehensive account of this dispiriting effort. Much more than a study of federal Indian policy, this book vividly details the day-to-day experiences of Indian youth living in a "total institution" designed to reconstruct them both psychologically and culturally. The assault on identity came in many forms: the shearing off of braids, the assignment of new names, uniformed drill routines, humiliating punishments, relentless attacks on native religious beliefs, patriotic indoctrinations, suppression of tribal languages, Victorian gender rituals, football contests, and industrial training. Especially poignant is Adams's description of the ways in which students resisted or accommodated themselves to forced assimilation. Many converted to varying degrees, but others plotted escapes, committed arson, and devised ingenious strategies of passive resistance. Adams also argues that many of those who seemingly cooperated with the system were more than passive players in this drama, that the response of accommodation was not synonymous with cultural surrender. This is especially apparent in his analysis of students who returned to the reservation. He reveals the various ways in which graduates struggled to make sense of their lives and selectively drew upon their school experience in negotiating personal and tribal survival in a world increasingly dominated by white men. The discussion comes full circle when Adams reviews the government's gradual retreat from the assimilationist vision. Partly because of persistent student resistance, but also partly because of a complex and sometimes contradictory set of progressive, humanitarian, and racist motivations, policymakers did eventually come to view boarding schools less enthusiastically. Based upon extensive use of government archives, Indian and teacher autobiographies, and school newspapers, Adams's moving account is essential reading for scholars and general readers alike interested in Western history, Native American studies, American race relations, education history, and multiculturalism.
Book Synopsis A Call for Reform by : Helen Hunt Jackson
Download or read book A Call for Reform written by Helen Hunt Jackson and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2015-10 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Journalist, novelist, and scholar Helen Hunt Jackson (1830–85) remains one of the most influential and popular writers on the struggles of American Indians. This volume collects for the first time seven of her most important articles, annotated and introduced by Jackson scholars Valerie Sherer Mathes and Phil Brigandi. Valuable as eyewitness accounts of Mission Indian life in Southern California in the 1880s, the articles also offer insight into Jackson’s career. The articles served as the basis for Jackson’s 1884 romantic novel, Ramona, still popular among Americans today. Jackson journeyed to Southern California in the 1880s to learn firsthand how Indians there lived. She found them in a demoralized state, beset by failed government policies and constantly threatened with losing their lands. The numerous articles and editorial responses she penned made her a leading voice in the fight for American Indian rights, a role she embraced wholeheartedly. As this collection also shows, Jackson’s fondness for Old California helped shape the region’s mythology and tourist culture. But her most important work was her influence in getting reservations set aside for the beleaguered Southern California tribes. Although her recommendations were not implemented until after her death, Helen Hunt Jackson’s stark and revealing portrait drew national attention to the effects of white encroachment on Indian lands and cultures in California and inspired generations of reformers who continued her legacy. This unprecedented collection offers fresh insight into the life and work of a well-known and influential writer and reformer.
Download or read book Indian Work written by Daniel H. Usner and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representations of Indian economic life have played an integral role in discourses about poverty, social policy, and cultural difference but have received surprisingly little attention. Daniel Usner dismantles ideological characterizations of Indian livelihood to reveal the intricacy of economic adaptations in American Indian history. Officials, reformers, anthropologists, and artists produced images that exacerbated Indians’ economic uncertainty and vulnerability. From Jeffersonian agrarianism to Jazz Age primitivism, European American ideologies not only obscured Indian struggles for survival but also operated as obstacles to their success. Diversification and itinerancy became economic strategies for many Indians, but were generally maligned in the early United States. Indians repeatedly found themselves working in spaces that reinforced misrepresentation and exploitation. Taking advantage of narrow economic opportunities often meant risking cultural integrity and personal dignity: while sales of baskets made by Louisiana Indian women contributed to their identity and community, it encouraged white perceptions of passivity and dependence. When non-Indian consumption of Indian culture emerged in the early twentieth century, even this friendlier market posed challenges to Indian labor and enterprise. The consequences of this dilemma persist today. Usner reveals that Indian engagement with commerce has consistently defied the narrow choices that observers insisted upon seeing.
Book Synopsis American Reformers, 1815-1860 by : Ronald G. Walters
Download or read book American Reformers, 1815-1860 written by Ronald G. Walters and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 1978 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on pre-Civil War reform movements and notable reformers.
