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The Psychological Impact Of Racial Socialization On Identity Conceptualization And Race Related Stress Of Black College Students At A Multi Racial Campus
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Book Synopsis The Psychological Impact of Racial Socialization on Identity Conceptualization and Race-related Stress of Black College Students at a Multi-racial Campus by : Sachelle Heavens
Download or read book The Psychological Impact of Racial Socialization on Identity Conceptualization and Race-related Stress of Black College Students at a Multi-racial Campus written by Sachelle Heavens and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty-six male and female black college students attending a small private college in New Jersey participated in a mixed method study exploring recollections of received parental racial socialization, covering childhood through entrance into college. Recollections of racial socialization were gathered using a survey administered to all 36 students and face-to-face interviews with a small subset of six students, which generated rich material on experiences with racial socialization. Results from the survey showed an increase or decrease in reported protective, protective, and total (combined) racial socialization messages were not significantly related to an increase or decrease in reported race-related stress. A more complicated picture was derived from the interviews in that the participants did negotiate racial identity; however most endorsed a racial identity orientation within a pointedly mainstream experience, with minor focus on Black culture. Directions for future research on other sources of resilience against race-related stress, such as self-efficacy, and the limitations of the study are also discussed.
Book Synopsis Meaning-Making, Internalized Racism, and African American Identity by : Jas M. Sullivan
Download or read book Meaning-Making, Internalized Racism, and African American Identity written by Jas M. Sullivan and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2016-09-07 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents research on how variations in African Americans racial self-concept affects meaning-making and internalized oppression. Focusing on the broad range of attitudes Black people employ to make sense of their Blackness, this volume offers the latest research on racial identity. The first section explores meaning-making, or the importance of holding one type of racial-cultural identity as compared to another. It looks at a wide range of topics, including stereotypes, spirituality, appearance, gender and intersectionalities, masculinity, and more. The second section examines the different expressions of internalized racism that arise when the pressure of oppression is too great, and includes such topics as identity orientations, self-esteem, colorism, and linked fate. Grounded in psychology, the research presented here makes the case for understanding Black identity as wide ranging in content, subject to multiple interpretations, and linked to both positive mental health as well as varied forms of internalized racism. With its impressive and varied research base, this is one of the most comprehensive books on the subject of racial identity. Scott L. Graves Jr., Duquesne University
Book Synopsis The Impact of Ethnic Racial Socialization and Its Messages on the Experience of Race-related Stress in a Sample of Young Adults by : Johanna Gruen
Download or read book The Impact of Ethnic Racial Socialization and Its Messages on the Experience of Race-related Stress in a Sample of Young Adults written by Johanna Gruen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current research on the psychological impact of racism suggests acute and chronic experiences with race related stressors can produce race related traumatic stress. Individuals, especially those from ethnic and racial minority groups, can develop PTSD symptomology in response to one or many race related stressful experiences. However, little is known regarding the factors that influence the development and maintenance of race related traumatic stress. One such factor may be ethnic-racial socialization messages and the coping skills they impart. This study investigated the potential moderating role of ethnic racial socialization messages on race related traumatic stress in a sample of ethnically diverse university students. Six hundred and thirty-nine participants completed the Posttraumatic Checklist Scale-Stress Specific Version (PCL-S), Race-Related Events Scale (RES), and Perceived Ethnic-Racial Socialization Measure (PERS). It was hypothesized that participants who reported receiving more cultural socialization/pluralism messages and preparation for bias messages would report lower levels of PTSD symptom severity as the number of reported race related stressful experiences increased. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that participants who reported more promotion of mistrust messages would report higher levels of PTSD symptom severity. While the hypotheses were not supported using simultaneous multiple regressions, the data revealed interesting descriptive results. Total number of race related stressors was positively correlated with PTSD symptom severity and all three types of ethnic-racial socialization messages. Participants from ethnic and racial minority groups with a mean age of 18.91 reported experiencing an average of 4.97 race related stressors over their lifetime. They also reported rarely receiving any ethnic-racial socialization messages from their caregivers. Furthermore, they had a mean score of 28.58 on the PCL-S, a score just below the suggested clinical cut-off score for general population samples when screening for PTSD. These descriptive findings indicate young adults from ethnic and racial minority groups are experiencing some PTSD symptomology in response to race related stressful experiences and represent a need for further research into potential protective factors and treatment options.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Racial Socialization on Racial Identity, Positive Adjustment, and Well Being in African-American College Students by : Patrick S. Hudgins
Download or read book The Effect of Racial Socialization on Racial Identity, Positive Adjustment, and Well Being in African-American College Students written by Patrick S. Hudgins and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Race-related Factors in Academic Achievement by : Melissa Lee DiLorenzo
Download or read book Race-related Factors in Academic Achievement written by Melissa Lee DiLorenzo and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Race Socialization on the Group Identity and Self-steem of African American Youth by : Julie Eleana Stokes
Download or read book The Influence of Race Socialization on the Group Identity and Self-steem of African American Youth written by Julie Eleana Stokes and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systemic Racism written by Mia Budescu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: College attrition represents a serious and persistent problem for ethnic minority students. Although there has been a plethora of research examining retention rates, most have focused on difficulty paying for college and financial strain. Importantly, past studies suggest that minority stress in the form of discrimination and lack of support on campus represents an additional barrier for African American students at predominantly White four-year institutions. The current study furthers our understanding of the experience of African American students by focusing on a previously unstudied race-related stress: systemic racism. Furthermore, the current investigation focuses on mental and physical health outcomes among students, in addition to academic outcomes which have been traditionally studied. Finally, this study examines the role of support from kin, same race friends, and religiosity as potential buffers from the impact of systemic-racism related stress. A sample of 472 students with mean age of 20.65 (SD=1.53), of which 99 identified as Black/African American and 373 as White/European American or Caucasian was recruited from a large public university. The results indicate that African American students perceived higher levels of systemic-racism related stress than their European American counterparts. Among African American respondents, systemic-racism related stress was related to lower levels of academic engagement, after control for general and undergraduate stress. Among European American students higher levels of systemic-racism related stress were related to higher levels of academic engagement. The study also finds that having many same race college friends reduces racism-related stress among African American students, while high levels of kinship support are related to higher levels of racism-related stress. Ethnic identity and racial socialization buffered the negative impact of racism-related stress on health outcomes, but only at low levels of stress. Similarly, kinship support was related to better outcomes at low levels of stress, but had no positive impact on physical or mental health outcomes at high levels of racism-related stress. Finally, religious participation and spirituality were related to lower levels of mental and physical health functioning for college students. However, at high levels of racism-stress, students with high levels of religiosity reported better adjustment than students with low levels of religiosity. The results hold important implications for the mental and physical health functioning of ethnic minority college students.
Book Synopsis An Investigation of African Identity, Racial Identity, and Ethnicity Among Black American College Students by : Angela Regan Bethea
Download or read book An Investigation of African Identity, Racial Identity, and Ethnicity Among Black American College Students written by Angela Regan Bethea and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Nigrescence or Racial Identity Development (NRID) models suggest that racial socialization is one of the most salient factors that influence identity formation among Blacks who are descendents of the enslavement experience in America or are socialized in the United States. However, NRID models do not sufficiently explain ethnic group identification nor account for differences in socialization among Black ethnic group members who are descendents of racially homogenous countries. The purpose of this research was to investigate ethnic group diversity and related group identity processes among Black college students in the United States. African self-consciousness, racial identity, and perceived stress in response to racist events were examined among 193 African American and Black Immigrant undergraduate students at a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) and a Predominately White Institution (PWI). An independent samples t test revealed higher African self-consciousness among PWI students, in comparison to those among HBCU students. However, students at each college scored similarly on racial identity, frequency of encountered racist events, and race-related stress. Independent t-tests revealed no statistically significant differences between African American and Black Immigrant students on African self-consciousness at both schools. Although a one-way MANOVA yielded no statistically significant ethnic group differences on racial identity statuses, an independent samples t test revealed a statistically significant difference between males and females on the Internalization racial identity status. Also, a one-way ANOVA did not produce statistically significant ethnic group differences on race-related stress. Finally, multiple regressions revealed no statistically significant relationships between African self-consciousness, racial identity as predictors of race-related stress among students at either school. The findings of the current study suggest that moderators, such as acculturation, subscription to the African-value system, coping behaviors, and socioeconomic status, should be investigated as factors in the relationship between ethnic group membership and race-related stress. Methodological limitations, implications for practice, and future directions for research are discussed.
Book Synopsis An Examination of Race-related Stress, African Self-consciousness, and Academic Institution as Predictors of Depression Among African American Collegians by : Stacey Marie Antoinette Jackson
Download or read book An Examination of Race-related Stress, African Self-consciousness, and Academic Institution as Predictors of Depression Among African American Collegians written by Stacey Marie Antoinette Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars within the field of African/Black Psychology argue that racial oppression negatively impacts African American psychological well-being. A large body of research exists supporting the claim that race-related stress is associated with poor mental health outcomes. Some Black psychologists contend that African self-consciousness is central to healthy psychological functioning suggesting that disordered Black personality results from the impact of racism on African Americans’ African self-consciousness. Lastly, when examining the psychosocial development of African American college students’ researchers often make comparisons between student experiences based on Academic Institution. The current study utilized Pearson’s correlations, hierarchical multiple regressions, and an independent samples T-test to investigate the roles that race-related stress, African self-consciousness and Academic Institution have on depression among African American collegians. The sample consisted of 167 Black college students (117 women and 50 males) recruited from a Predominately White institution (PWI) (111 participants) and a Historically Black College/Institution (HBCU) (56 participants). Results revealed total race-related stress and cultural racism significantly predicted depression. Additionally, African self-consciousness (ASCS) moderated the relationship between individual racism and depression such that, higher levels of ASCS eliminated the relationship between individual racism and depression for this sample. These findings suggest the need to further examine the unique impact of cultural, individual and institutional racism on mental health outcomes of African American collegians, along with various factors that influence these relationships. Implications of these findings for university personnel and mental health professionals are identified.
Book Synopsis Effects of Racial Socialization and Racial Identity on Acculturative Stress in African American College Students by : C. Patricia Thompson
Download or read book Effects of Racial Socialization and Racial Identity on Acculturative Stress in African American College Students written by C. Patricia Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Racial Identity on Perceived Microaggressions, Racial Socialization and Psychological Outcomes by : Terrence Harper II
Download or read book The Impact of Racial Identity on Perceived Microaggressions, Racial Socialization and Psychological Outcomes written by Terrence Harper II and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The negative psychological consequences of racial prejudice and discrimination in the lives of African Americans have been well documented. Recently, researchers have investigated how racial identity status attitudes may influence the perception of discrimination (i.e., it has been suggested that racial identity may act as a buffer against experiencing negative affect as a consequence of exposure to racial discrimination). While this hypothesis has received increased attention in the literature of late, current studies testing said hypothesis have not examined this association by using the recent advances in the conceptualization of subtle discrimination (i.e., microaggressions). As such, the purpose of this study was to examine whether racial identity status attitudes moderate the relationship between perceived discrimination (quantified using the Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale) and psychological functioning. A secondary hypothesis was that racial identity would mediate the relationship between racial socialization and psychological functioning. The study recruited 153 African American participants from undergraduate psychology courses at a medium sized Midwestern university. We found that racial identity attitudes moderated the association between the experience of microaggressions and endorsing symptoms of general psychological distress. Additionally, racial identity was found to partially mediate the association between racial socialization and psychological functioning.
Book Synopsis Racial Socialization and Identity by : Rhonda Patterson Ford
Download or read book Racial Socialization and Identity written by Rhonda Patterson Ford and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Race-Related Stress and the Career Planning and Confidence for African-American College Students by : Dwaine Turner PhD CRC
Download or read book The Relationship Between Race-Related Stress and the Career Planning and Confidence for African-American College Students written by Dwaine Turner PhD CRC and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My research focused on the relationship between career development and the different facets of racism that presents challenges in the world of academia. The social landscape of society was torn as a result of the deaths of Travon Martin, Mike Brown, Eric Grey and Eric Garner. Public opinion has varied on the causes of the deaths of many individuals in the African American community. As the author of this study I felt compelled to highlight the strength and perseverance of minorities in a college environment. Upon the completion of my study I realized that I was chronicling myself.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Racial Socialization and Racial Identity on Body Dissatisfaction in African American Women College Students by : Desire Shenay Taylor
Download or read book The Impact of Racial Socialization and Racial Identity on Body Dissatisfaction in African American Women College Students written by Desire Shenay Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lack of knowledge exists regarding the sociocultural factors involved in African American women’s experience of body dissatisfaction. This study examined the body image attitudes of African American women through the constructs of racial socialization from family and racial identity. This study was partially exploratory in nature, as few researchers have examined the relation between racial socialization from family and body dissatisfaction. Specifically, this study examined (1) the relationships between endorsement of various racial socialization messages and body dissatisfaction (2) the relationships between racial identity attitudes and body dissatisfaction (3) the role of racial socialization messages and racial identity attitudes in the prediction of body dissatisfaction (4) racial identity attitudes as mediators of the relationship between racial socialization messages and body dissatisfaction. Participants included 187 African American women. The majority of the population was recruited from a large, southwestern, predominantly White university. With regard to racial socialization, results did not support a significant relationship between Protective messages and body dissatisfaction, Coping messages and body dissatisfaction, and Affirmation messages and body dissatisfaction. However, Stereotyping messages were found to be significant and positively related to body dissatisfaction. Results revealed that among racial identity attitudes Pre-Encounter Self-Hatred was significantly and positively related to body dissatisfaction. Findings did not support significant relationships between Pre-Encounter Assimilation, Pre-Encounter Miseducation, Immersion-Emersion Anti-White, Internalization Afrocentric, Internalization Multicultural Inclusive racial identity attitudes and body dissatisfaction. Additionally, Stereotyping messages and Pre-Encounter Self-Hatred were predictive of body dissatisfaction among this sample of African American women. Finally, Pre-Encounter Self-Hatred racial identity attitudes mediated the relationship between Stereotyping messages and body dissatisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Book Synopsis Beginnings by : Margaret Beale Spencer
Download or read book Beginnings written by Margaret Beale Spencer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity Status and Race-related Stress in African Americans by : Morgan Hurst
Download or read book Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity Status and Race-related Stress in African Americans written by Morgan Hurst and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race-related stress has been found to impact the mental health of African Americans in literature. Three manuscripts were developed for this dissertation. The first is a critical literature review identifying the multiple pathways by which racism can affect mental health, and the current research addressing this problem is presented. Second, a quantitative study looking at what type of coping mechanisms African Americans use when dealing with race-related stress and how racial identity statuses impact these coping mechanisms?; The third manuscript addresses the research question, among the identified coping mechanisms, is there a relationship with psychological distress? The first manuscript is a critical literature review which discusses racism, race-related stress, and coping resources. The aim of the paper is to identify the multiple pathways by which racism can affect mental health and the current research addressing this problem. Initially, views of racism and race-related stress will be identified; theories for use of stress will be examined, and how racial identity status influences the perception of racism. In addition, individual strategies for coping with racism will be discussed, as well as major approaches to coping that have received sufficient research with regard to their effectiveness for mental and physical outcomes. The purpose of the first quantitative study was to examine the relationships among race-related stress, racial identity status, and coping resources in African Americans in a sample of 294 African American adults. Results indicated that avoidance coping and seeking social support predicted higher levels of race-related stress. Problem solving coping did not predict race-related stress. In addition, racial identity status (pre-encounter and immersion-emersion) predicted avoidance coping where racial identity status (internalization) predicted more problem solving coping behavior. The findings emphasize the need to recognize how racial identity status influence styles of coping in African Americans. Implications for mental health providers are discussed. The purpose of the second study was to examine the relationships between race-related stress, coping resources, and mental health in African Americans in a sample of 294 African American adults. Results indicated they were a predictor of psychological distress and well-being in African Americans. Specifically, the avoidance coping mechanism led to participants in the study experiencing more psychological distress when using this coping resource. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the results, which confirmed our hypothesis that mal-adaptive coping strategies predicted psychological distress. The findings emphasize the need to recognize how coping styles influence mental health in African Americans. Implications for mental health providers are discussed.
Book Synopsis Promoting Racial Literacy in Schools by : Jr. Stevenson
Download or read book Promoting Racial Literacy in Schools written by Jr. Stevenson and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2014-01-03 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on extensive research, this provocative volume explores how schools are places where racial conflicts often remain hidden at the expense of a healthy school climate and the well-being of other students of colour. Most schools fail to act on racial microaggressions because the stress of negotiating such conflicts is extremely high due to fears of incompetence, public exposure, and accusation. Instead of facing these conflicts head on, schools perpetuate a set of avoidance or coping strategies. The author of this much-needed book uncovers how racial stress undermines student achievement. Students, educators, and social service support staff will find workable strategies to improve their racial literacy skills to read, recast, and resolve racially stressful encounters when they happen. This book features: a model that applies culturally relevant behavioural stress management strategies to problem-solve racial stress in schools; examples demonstrating workable solutions relevant within predominantly White schools for students, parents, teachers, and adminsitrators; measurable outcomes and strategies for developing racial literacy skills that can be integrated into the K - 12 curriculum and teacher professional development; and teaching and leadership skills that will create a more tolerant and supportive school environment for all students.
