The Protection Racket State

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The Protection Racket State

Author : William Stanley
Publisher : Temple University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566393911
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis The Protection Racket State by : William Stanley

Download or read book The Protection Racket State written by William Stanley and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 1996-06-08 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1932 security forces in El Salvador murdered 25,000 peasants and workers. Between 1978 and 1991 the Salvadoran government killed an additional 50,000 civilians. Death squads maimed and tortured their victims, who included labor organizers, priests, and teachers. By the later months of 1980, government forces were slaughtering 1,000 civilians a month. Most of those killed were poor or worked with the poor. In per capita terms Salvadoran state terror was among the worst in the hemisphere. States have killed more people than have rebellions, but we know very little about what factors influence this genocide. Why do states kill? In this provocative and chilling book, William Stanley demonstrates that the Salvadoran military state was essentially a protection racket. It offered protection to the elites from civilian uprising and in return received a concession to govern. This protection took the form of wide-scale murder. As Stanley puts it, "State violence was a currency of relations between state and non-state elites." There are valuable lessons in this book for all those concerned with state-sponsored terror. It indicts the United States for having strengthened the might of the Salvadoran military. It challenges conventional wisdom about governments and repression and shows state-sponsored violence as much more than just a response to opposition.

The Protection Racket State

Author : William Stanley
Publisher : Temple University Press
ISBN 13 : 1439905495
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (399 download)

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Book Synopsis The Protection Racket State by : William Stanley

Download or read book The Protection Racket State written by William Stanley and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-17 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A chilling examination into why states kill.

The Politics of Protection Rackets in Post-New Order Indonesia

Author : Ian Douglas Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113504208X
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Protection Rackets in Post-New Order Indonesia by : Ian Douglas Wilson

Download or read book The Politics of Protection Rackets in Post-New Order Indonesia written by Ian Douglas Wilson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gangs and militias have been a persistent feature of social and political life in Indonesia. During the authoritarian New Order regime they constituted part of a vast network of sub-contracted coercion and social control on behalf of the state. Indonesia’s subsequent democratisation has seen gangs adapt to and take advantage of the changed political context. New types of populist street based organisations have emerged that combine predatory rent-seeking with claims of representing marginalised social and economic groups. Based on extensive fieldwork in Jakarta this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the changing relationship between gangs, militias and political power and authority in post-New Order Indonesia. It argues that gangs and militias have manufactured various types of legitimacy in consolidating localised territorial monopolies and protection economies. As mediators between the informal politics of the street and the world of formal politics they have become often influential brokers in Indonesia’s decentralised electoral democracy. More than mere criminal extortion, it is argued that the protection racket as a social relation of coercion and domination remains a salient feature of Indonesia’s post-authoritarian political landscape. This ground-breaking study will be of interest to students and scholars of Indonesian and Southeast Asian politics, political violence, gangs and urban politics.

Bringing the State Back In

Author : Social Science Research Council (U.S.). Committee on States and Social Structures
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521313131
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Bringing the State Back In by : Social Science Research Council (U.S.). Committee on States and Social Structures

Download or read book Bringing the State Back In written by Social Science Research Council (U.S.). Committee on States and Social Structures and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1985-09-13 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers from a conference held at Mount Kisco, N.Y., Feb. 1982, sponsored by the Committee on States and Social Structures, the Joint Committee on Latin American Studies, and the Joint Committee on Western European Studies of the Social Science Research Council. Includes bibliographies and index.

Government's Place in the Market

Author : Eliot Spitzer
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262295113
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Government's Place in the Market by : Eliot Spitzer

Download or read book Government's Place in the Market written by Eliot Spitzer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-04-18 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his first book, the former New York governor and current CNN cohost offers a manifesto on the economy and the public interest. As New York State Attorney General from 1998 to 2006, Eliot Spitzer successfully pursued corporate crime, including stock price inflation, securities fraud, and predatory lending practices. Drawing on those experiences, in this book Spitzer considers when and how the government should intervene in the workings of the market. The 2009 American bank bailout, he argues, was the wrong way: it understandably turned government intervention into a flashpoint for public disgust because it socialized risk, privatized benefit, and left standing institutions too big to fail, incompetent regulators, and deficient corporate governance. That's unfortunate, because good regulatory policy, he claims, can make markets and firms work efficiently, equitably, and in service of fundamental public values. Spitzer lays out the right reasons for government intervention in the market: to guarantee transparency, to overcome market failures, and to guard our core values against the market's unfair biases such as racism. With specific proposals to serve those ends—from improving corporate governance to making firms responsible for their own risky behavior—he offers a much-needed blueprint for the proper role of government in the market. Finally, taking account of regulatory changes since the crash of 2008, he suggests how to rebuild public trust in government so real change is possible. Responses to Spitzer by Sarah Binder, Andrew Gelman, and John Sides, Dean Baker, and Robert Johnson, raise issues of politics, ideology, and policy.

The Oxford Handbook of Offender Decision Making

Author : Wim Bernasco
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190674741
Total Pages : 792 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Offender Decision Making by : Wim Bernasco

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Offender Decision Making written by Wim Bernasco and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the issue of offender decision-making pervades almost every discussion of crime and law enforcement, only a few comprehensive texts cover and integrate information about the role of decision-making in crime. The Oxford Handbook of Offender Decision Making provide high-quality reviews of the main paradigms in offender decision-making, such as rational choice theory and dual-process theory. It contains up-to-date reviews of empirical research on decision-making in a wide range of decision types including not only criminal initiation and desistance, but also choice of locations, times, targets, victims, methods as well as large variety crimes including homicide, robbery, domestic violence, burglary, street crime, sexual crimes, and cybercrime. Lastly, it provides in-depth treatments of the major methods used to study offender decision-making, including experiments, observation studies, surveys, offender interviews, and simulations. Comprehensive and authoritative, the Handbook will quickly become the primary source of theoretical, methodological, and empirical knowledge about decision-making as it relates to criminal behavior.

War is a Racket

Author : Smedley Butler
Publisher : Jovian Press
ISBN 13 : 1537820796
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (378 download)

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Book Synopsis War is a Racket by : Smedley Butler

Download or read book War is a Racket written by Smedley Butler and published by Jovian Press. This book was released on 2018-01-19 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: War Is a Racket is a speech and a 1935 short book, by Smedley D. Butler, a retired United States Marine Corps Major General and two-time Medal of Honor recipient. Based on his career military experience, Butler frankly discusses how business interests commercially benefit (including war profiteering) from warfare. He had been appointed commanding officer of the Gendarmerie during the United States occupation of Haiti, which lasted from 1915 to 1934.

Terrorism Financing and State Responses

Author : Jeanne K. Giraldo
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804755665
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (556 download)

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Book Synopsis Terrorism Financing and State Responses by : Jeanne K. Giraldo

Download or read book Terrorism Financing and State Responses written by Jeanne K. Giraldo and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a broadly comparative approach to analyzing how the financing of global jihadi terrorist groups has evolved in response to government policies since September 11, 2001.

War, Revenue, and State Building

Author : Sheldon Pollack
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801457904
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis War, Revenue, and State Building by : Sheldon Pollack

Download or read book War, Revenue, and State Building written by Sheldon Pollack and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a relatively short time, the American state developed from a weak, highly decentralized confederation composed of thirteen former English colonies into the foremost global superpower. This remarkable institutional transformation would not have been possible without the revenue raised by a particularly efficient system of public finance, first crafted during the Civil War and then resurrected and perfected in the early twentieth century. That revenue financed America's participation in two global wars as well as the building of a modern system of social welfare programs.Sheldon D. Pollack shows how war, revenue, and institutional development are inextricably linked, no less in the United States than in Europe and in the developing states of the Third World. He delineates the mechanisms of political development and reveals to us the ways in which the United States, too, once was and still may be a "developing nation." Without revenue, states cannot maintain political institutions, undergo development, or exert sovereignty over their territory. Rulers and their functionaries wield the coercive powers of the state to extract that revenue from the population under their control. From this perspective, the state is seen as a highly efficient machine for extracting societal revenue that is used by the state to sustain itself.War, Revenue, and State Building traces the sources of public revenue available to the American state at specific junctures of its history (in particular, during times of war), the revenue strategies pursued by its political leaders in response to these factors, and the consequential impact of those strategies on the development of the American state.

El Salvadors Civil War

Author : Hugh Byrne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781685856120
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (561 download)

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Book Synopsis El Salvadors Civil War by : Hugh Byrne

Download or read book El Salvadors Civil War written by Hugh Byrne and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Byrne's in depth study of El Salvador's civil war demonstrates that the strategies adopted by incumbent regimes and insurgent movements are key to explaining why revolutions occur and the conditions under which they succeed or fail.

Care Ethics, Democratic Citizenship and the State

Author : Petr Urban
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303041437X
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Care Ethics, Democratic Citizenship and the State by : Petr Urban

Download or read book Care Ethics, Democratic Citizenship and the State written by Petr Urban and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reflects on theoretical developments in the political theory of care and new applications of care ethics in different contexts. The chapters provide original and fresh perspectives on the seminal notions and topics of a politically formulated ethics of care. It covers concepts such as democratic citizenship, social and political participation, moral and political deliberation, solidarity and situated attentive knowledge. It engages with current debates on marketizing and privatizing care, and deals with issues of state care provision and democratic caring institutions. It speaks to the current political and societal challenges, including the crisis of Western democracy related to the rise of populism and identity politics worldwide. The book brings together perspectives of care theorists from three different continents and ten different countries and gives voice to their unique local insights from various socio-political and cultural contexts. Chapter 11 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Wars of Latin America, 1948-1982

Author : René De La Pedraja
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 147660293X
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (766 download)

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Book Synopsis Wars of Latin America, 1948-1982 by : René De La Pedraja

Download or read book Wars of Latin America, 1948-1982 written by René De La Pedraja and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book continues the narrative begun by the author in Wars of Latin America, 1899-1941. It provides a clear and readable description of military combat occurring in Latin America from 1948 to the start of 1982. (In an unusual peaceful lull, Latin America experienced no wars from 1942 to 1947.) Although the text concentrates on combat narrative, matters of politics, business, and international relations appear as necessary to explain the wars. The author draws on many previously unknown sources to provide information never before published. The book traces the many insurgencies in Latin America as well as conventional wars. Among the highlights are the chapters on the Cuban and Nicaraguan insurrections and on the Bay of Pigs invasion. One goal of the text is to explain why, of the many insurgencies appearing in Latin America, only those in Cuba and Nicaragua were successful in overthrowing governments. The book also helps explain why even unsuccessful insurgencies have survived for decades, as has happened in Colombia and Peru. Instructors considering this book for use in a course may request an examination copy here.

The Social Order of the Underworld

Author : David Skarbek
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019932851X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Order of the Underworld by : David Skarbek

Download or read book The Social Order of the Underworld written by David Skarbek and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When most people think of prison gangs, they think of chaotic bands of violent, racist thugs. Few people think of gangs as sophisticated organizations (often with elaborate written constitutions) that regulate the prison black market, adjudicate conflicts, and strategically balance the competing demands of inmates, gang members, and correctional officers. Yet as David Skarbek argues, gangs form to create order among outlaws, producing alternative governance institutions to facilitate illegal activity. He uses economics to explore the secret world of the convict culture, inmate hierarchy, and prison gang politics, and to explain why prison gangs form, how formal institutions affect them, and why they have a powerful influence over crime even beyond prison walls. The ramifications of his findings extend far beyond the seemingly irrational and often tragic society of captives. They also illuminate how social and political order can emerge in conditions where the traditional institutions of governance do not exist.

Conservative Parties, the Right, and Democracy in Latin America

Author : Kevin J. Middlebrook
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801863851
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (638 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservative Parties, the Right, and Democracy in Latin America by : Kevin J. Middlebrook

Download or read book Conservative Parties, the Right, and Democracy in Latin America written by Kevin J. Middlebrook and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2000-09-29 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under what conditions do political institutions develop that are capable of promoting economic and social elites' accommodation to democracy? The importance of this question for research on regime change and democracy in Latin America lies in two established political facts: alliances between upper-class groups and the armed forces have historically been a major cause of military intervention in the region, and countries with electorally viable national conservative parties have experienced significantly longer periods of democratic governance since the 1920s and 1930s than have countries with weak conservative parties. The contributors to this book examine the relationship between the Right and democracy in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Peru, and Venezuela during the 1980s and 1990s. The authors focus particularly on the challenges that democratization may pose to upper-class groups; the political role of conservative parties and their electoral performance during these two crucial decades; and the relationships among conservative party strength or weakness, different modes of elite interest representation, and economic and social elites' support for political democracy. The volume includes a statistical appendix with data on conservative parties' electoral performance in national elections during the 1980s and 1990s in these seven countries. Contributors: Atilio A. Borón, Universidad de Buenos Aires • Catherine M. Conaghan, Queen's University • Michael Coppedge, University of Notre Dame • John C. Dugas, Kalamazoo College • Manuel Antonio Garretón, Universidad de Chile • Scott Mainwaring, University of Notre Dame • Rachel Meneguello, Universidade de Campinas • Kevin J. Middlebrook, University of California, San Diego • Timothy J. Power, Florida International University • Elisabeth J. Wood, New York University.

Securing the Peace

Author : Monica Duffy Toft
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400831997
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Securing the Peace by : Monica Duffy Toft

Download or read book Securing the Peace written by Monica Duffy Toft and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely and pathbreaking, Securing the Peace is the first book to explore the complete spectrum of civil war terminations, including negotiated settlements, military victories by governments and rebels, and stalemates and ceasefires. Examining the outcomes of all civil war terminations since 1940, Monica Toft develops a general theory of postwar stability, showing how third-party guarantees may not be the best option. She demonstrates that thorough security-sector reform plays a critical role in establishing peace over the long term. Much of the thinking in this area has centered on third parties presiding over the maintenance of negotiated settlements, but the problem with this focus is that fewer than a quarter of recent civil wars have ended this way. Furthermore, these settlements have been precarious, often resulting in a recurrence of war. Toft finds that military victory, especially victory by rebels, lends itself to a more durable peace. She argues for the importance of the security sector--the police and military--and explains that victories are more stable when governments can maintain order. Toft presents statistical evaluations and in-depth case studies that include El Salvador, Sudan, and Uganda to reveal that where the security sector remains robust, stability and democracy are likely to follow. An original and thoughtful reassessment of civil war terminations, Securing the Peace will interest all those concerned about resolving our world's most pressing conflicts.

The Politics of Protection Rackets in Post-New Order Indonesia

Author : Ian Douglas Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135042098
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Protection Rackets in Post-New Order Indonesia by : Ian Douglas Wilson

The Right to Earn a Living

Author : Timothy Sandefur
Publisher : Cato Institute
ISBN 13 : 1935308343
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (353 download)

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Book Synopsis The Right to Earn a Living by : Timothy Sandefur

Download or read book The Right to Earn a Living written by Timothy Sandefur and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America’s founders thought the right to earn a living was so basic and obvious that it didn’t need to be mentioned in the Bill of Rights. The Right to Earn a Living charts the history of this fundamental human right, from the constitutional system that was designed to protect it by limiting government’s powers, to the Civil War Amendments that expanded protection to all Americans, regardless of race.