The Problem Of The Earths Shape From Newton To Clairaut

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The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut

Author : John L. Greenberg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521385411
Total Pages : 808 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (854 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut by : John L. Greenberg

Download or read book The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut written by John L. Greenberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-07-28 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates, through the problem of the earth's shape, part of the development of post-Newtonian mechanics by the Parisian scientific community during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the Principia Newton first raised the question of the earth's shape. John Greenberg shows how continental scholars outside France influenced efforts in Paris to solve the problem, and he also demonstrates that Parisian scholars, including Bouguer and Fontaine, did work that Alexis-Claude Clairaut used in developing his mature theory of the earth's shape. The evolution of Parisian mechanics proved not to be the replacement of a Cartesian paradigm by a Newtonian one, a replacement that might be expected from Thomas Kuhn's formulations about scientific revolutions, but a complex process instead involving many areas of research and contributions of different kinds from the entire scientific world. Greenberg both explores the myriad of technical problems that underlie the historical development of part of post-Newtonian mechanics, which have only been rarely analyzed by Western scholars, and embeds his technical discussion in a framework that involves social and institutional history politics, and biography. Instead of focusing exclusively on the historiographical problem, Greenberg shows as well that international scientific communication was as much a vital part of the scientific progress of individual nations during the first half of the eighteenth century as it is today.

The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut

Author : John L. Greenberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (257 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut by : John L. Greenberg

Download or read book The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut written by John L. Greenberg and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut

Author : John L. Greenberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (257 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut by : John L. Greenberg

Download or read book The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut written by John L. Greenberg and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Life and Work of James Bradley

Author : John Fisher
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198884206
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The Life and Work of James Bradley by : John Fisher

Download or read book The Life and Work of James Bradley written by John Fisher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-08 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Life and Work of James Bradley: The New Foundations of 18th Century Astronomy is the first major work on the life and achievements of James Bradley for 190 years. This book offers a new perspective and new interpretations of previously published materials, together with various insights about recently researched sources. This book is a complete account of the life and work of Bradley as discerned from surviving documents of his working archive, as well as other documents and records. In addition, it offers a new interpretation of Bradley's work as an astronomer, not merely from his observations of Jupiter and Saturn and their satellites and annual aberration and the nutation of the Earth's axis, but also his corroborative work with pendulums and other horological work with George Graham. It also explores the little amount documented about his private life including a degree of speculation about his personal relationships. This work on 18th century astronomy is intended for students of the history of science, astronomy and 18th century English society, and for scholars seeking new lines of inquiry. It contains an extensive bibliography and a detailed chronology, both of which offer support for further reading and research.

Sciences of the Earth

Author : Gregory A. Good
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136760970
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis Sciences of the Earth by : Gregory A. Good

Download or read book Sciences of the Earth written by Gregory A. Good and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-18 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The planet as seen by its inhabitants In two millenia, our knowledge of the planet and its natural laws and forces has undergone remarkable changes--from the religious belief of earth as the center of the universe to the modern astronomers' view that it is a mere speck in the cosmos. Now a first-of-its-kind reference work charts this remarkable intellectual progression in our evolving perception of the earth by surveying the history of geology, geography, geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, space science, and many other fields. Covers human understanding of the Earth in various times and cultures The Encyclopedia traces our understanding of the earth and its functioning throughout history, summarizing historical explanations of earthly occurrences, including explanations with no scientific basis. It presents the latest facts and theories, explains how our understanding of the earth has evolved, and shows why many outrageous and fanciful earlier ideas were accepted in their time. The coverage explores the physical phenomena that inform our knowledge, starting at the earth's core and extending outward through the mantle, crust, oceans, and atmosphere to the magnetosphere and beyond. Charts the evolution of our perceptions The primary focus of the Encyclopedia is the history of the study of the earth. It also discusses the institutions that advanced and shaped science and probes the interplay between science, practical applications, and social and political forces. The result is a unified historical overview of the earth across a wide canvas of time and place, from antiquity to the space age. Its wide-ranging articles summarize subjects as diverse as geography and imperialism, environmentalism, computers and meteorology, ozone formation theories since 1800, scientific rocketry, the Scopes trial, and much more. Special Features Shows how diverse disciplines, from geology to space science, fit together in a coherent view of the earth * Explains earlier ideas and theories in the context of the beliefs and scientific knowledge of their time * Spotlights important institutions that have shaped the history of science * Explores relationships between science, practical applications, and sociopolitical concerns * Provides a subject index and an index of scientists with birth/death dates

The Shape and Size of the Earth

Author : Dino Boccaletti
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319905937
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis The Shape and Size of the Earth by : Dino Boccaletti

Download or read book The Shape and Size of the Earth written by Dino Boccaletti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes in detail the various theories on the shape of the Earth from classical antiquity to the present day and examines how measurements of its form and dimensions have evolved throughout this period. The origins of the notion of the sphericity of the Earth are explained, dating back to Eratosthenes and beyond, and detailed attention is paid to the struggle to establish key discoveries as part of the cultural heritage of humanity. In this context, the roles played by the Catholic Church and the philosophers of the Middle Ages are scrutinized. Later contributions by such luminaries as Richer, Newton, Clairaut, Maupertuis, and Delambre are thoroughly reviewed, with exploration of the importance of mathematics in their geodetic enterprises. The culmination of progress in scientific research is the recognition that the reference figure is not a sphere but rather a geoid and that the earth’s shape is oblate. Today, satellite geodesy permits the solution of geodetic problems by means of precise measurements. Narrating this fascinating story from the very beginning not only casts light on our emerging understanding of the figure of the Earth but also offers profound insights into the broader evolution of human thought.

Dynamics of the Earth

Author : V. I. Ferronsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048187230
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamics of the Earth by : V. I. Ferronsky

Download or read book Dynamics of the Earth written by V. I. Ferronsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-28 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their search for solutions to problems concerning the dynamics of the Earth as a self-gravitating body, the authors have applied the fundamentals found in their book “Jacobi Dynamics” (1987, Reidel). First, satellite observations have shown that the Earth does not remain in hydrostatic equilibrium, which forms the physical basis of modern geodynamics. Secondly, satellite data have established a relationship between the planet’s polar moment of inertia and the potential of the Earth’s outer force field, which proves the most basic point of Jacobi dynamics. This allowed the authors to revise their derivation of the classical virial theorem, introducing the concept of a volumetric force and volumetric moment, and so to obtain a generalized virial theorem in the form of Jacobi’s equation. The main dynamical effects are: the kinetic energy of oscillation of the interacting particles, which explains the physical meaning and nature of gravitational forces; separation of shells of a self-gravitating body with respect to its mass density; differences in angular velocities of the shell’s rotation; continuity in variance of the potential of the outer gravitational force field, together with reductions in the envelope of the interacting masses (volumetric center of gravity); the nature of Earth, Moon and satellite precession; the nature and generating mechanism of the planet’s electromagnetic field; the common nature of gravitational and electromagnetic energy, and other related issues. The work is a logical continuation of the book "Jacobi Dynamics" and is intended for researchers, teachers and students engaged in theoretical and experimental research in various branches of astronomy, geophysics, planetology and cosmogony, and for students of celestial, statistical, quantum and relativistic mechanics and hydrodynamics.

“The main Business of natural Philosophy”

Author : Steffen Ducheyne
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400721269
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis “The main Business of natural Philosophy” by : Steffen Ducheyne

Download or read book “The main Business of natural Philosophy” written by Steffen Ducheyne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this monograph, Steffen Ducheyne provides a historically detailed and systematically rich explication of Newton’s methodology. Throughout the pages of this book, it will be shown that Newton developed a complex natural-philosophical methodology which encompasses procedures to minimize inductive risk during the process of theory formation and which, thereby, surpasses a standard hypothetico-deductive methodological setting. Accordingly, it will be highlighted that the so-called ‘Newtonian Revolution’ was not restricted to the empirical and theoretical dimensions of science, but applied equally to the methodological dimension of science. Furthermore, it will be documented that Newton’s methodology was far from static and that it developed alongside with his scientific work. Attention will be paid not only to the successes of Newton’s innovative methodology, but equally to its tensions and limitations. Based on a thorough study of Newton’s extant manuscripts, this monograph will address and contextualize, inter alia, Newton’s causal realism, his views on action at a distance and space and time, the status of efficient causation in the /Principia/, the different phases of his methodology, his treatment of force and the constituents of the physico-mathematical models in the context of Book I of the /Principia/, the analytic part of the argument for universal gravitation, the meaning and significance of his regulae philosophandi, the methodological differences between his mechanical and optical work, and, finally, the interplay between Newton’s theology and his natural philosophy.

Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment

Author : Michel Delon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135959986
Total Pages : 1512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment by : Michel Delon

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment written by Michel Delon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 1512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This acclaimed translation of Michel Delon's Dictionnaire Europen des Lumires contains more than 350 signed entries covering the art, economics, science, history, philosophy, and religion of the Enlightenment. Delon's team of more than 200 experts from around the world offers a unique perspective on the period, providing offering not only factual information but also critical opinions that give the reader a deeper level of understanding. An international team of translators, editors, and advisers, under the auspices of the French Ministry of Culture, has brought this collection of scholarship to the English-speaking world for the first time.

Measure of the Earth

Author : Larrie D. Ferreiro
Publisher : Basic Books (AZ)
ISBN 13 : 0465017231
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Measure of the Earth by : Larrie D. Ferreiro

Download or read book Measure of the Earth written by Larrie D. Ferreiro and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 2011-05-31 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the early 18th-century expedition of scientists sent by France and Spain to colonial Peru to measure the degree of equatorial latitude, which could resolve the debate between whether the earth was spherical or flattened at the poles.

Époque Émilienne

Author : Ruth Edith Hagengruber
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030899217
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Époque Émilienne by : Ruth Edith Hagengruber

Download or read book Époque Émilienne written by Ruth Edith Hagengruber and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-01 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book contextualizes Du Châtelet’s contribution to the philosophy of her time. The editor offers this tribute to an Époque Émiliennee as a collection of innovative papers on Emilie Du Châtelet’s powerful philosophy and legacy. Du Châtelet was an outstanding figure in the era she lived in. Her work and achievements were unique, though not an exception in the 18th century, which did not lack outstanding women. Her personal intellectual education, her scholarly network and her mental acumen were celebrated in her time, perceiving her to have “multiplied nine figures by nine figures in her head”. She was able to gain access to institutions which were normally denied to women. To call an epoch an Époque Émilienne may be seen as daring and audacious, but it will not be the last time if we continue to bring women philosophers back into the memory of the history of philosophy. The contributors paid attention to the philosophical state of the art, which forms the background to Du Châtelet’s philosophy. They follow the transformation of philosophical concepts under her pen and retrace the impact of her ideas. The book is of interest to scholars working in the history of philosophy as well as in gender studies. It is of special interest for scholars working on the 18th century, Kant, Leibniz, Wolff, Newton and the European Enlightenment.

Formation of the Solar System

Author : V.I. Ferronsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400759088
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Formation of the Solar System by : V.I. Ferronsky

Download or read book Formation of the Solar System written by V.I. Ferronsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of the orbital motion of the Earth, the Moon and other planets and their satellites led to the discovery that all bodies in the Solar System are moving with the first cosmic velocity of their proto parents. The mean orbital velocity of each planet is equal to the first cosmic velocity of the Protosun, the radius of which is equal to the semi-major axis of the planet’s orbit. The same applies for the planets’ satellites. All the small planets, comets, other bodies and the Sun itself follow this law, a finding that has also been proven by astronomical observations. The theoretical solutions based on the Jacobi dynamics explain the process of the system creation and decay, as well as the nature of Kepler’s laws.

Thomas Reid on Mathematics and Natural Philosophy

Author : Thomas Reid
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 0748643397
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Thomas Reid on Mathematics and Natural Philosophy by : Thomas Reid

Download or read book Thomas Reid on Mathematics and Natural Philosophy written by Thomas Reid and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconstructs Reid's career as a mathematician and natural philosopher for the first time

The Language of Physics

Author : Elizabeth Garber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461217660
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis The Language of Physics by : Elizabeth Garber

Download or read book The Language of Physics written by Elizabeth Garber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is the first explicit examination of the key role that mathematics has played in the development of theoretical physics and will undoubtedly challenge the more conventional accounts of its historical development. Although mathematics has long been regarded as the "language" of physics, the connections between these independent disciplines have been far more complex and intimate than previous narratives have shown. The author convincingly demonstrates that practices, methods, and language shaped the development of the field, and are a key to understanding the mergence of the modern academic discipline. Mathematicians and physicists, as well as historians of both disciplines, will find this provocative work of great interest.

The Man Who Flattened the Earth

Author : Mary Terrall
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226793621
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis The Man Who Flattened the Earth by : Mary Terrall

Download or read book The Man Who Flattened the Earth written by Mary Terrall and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2006-05-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-styled adventurer, literary wit, philosopher, and statesman of science, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) stood at the center of Enlightenment science and culture. Offering an elegant and accessible portrait of this remarkable man, Mary Terrall uses the story of Maupertuis's life, self-fashioning, and scientific works to explore what it meant to do science and to be a man of science in eighteenth-century Europe. Beginning his scientific career as a mathematician in Paris, Maupertuis entered the public eye with a much-discussed expedition to Lapland, which confirmed Newton's calculation that the earth was flattened at the poles. He also made significant, and often intentionally controversial, contributions to physics, life science, navigation, astronomy, and metaphysics. Called to Berlin by Frederick the Great, Maupertuis moved to Prussia to preside over the Academy of Sciences there. Equally at home in salons, cafés, scientific academies, and royal courts, Maupertuis used his social connections and his printed works to enhance a carefully constructed reputation as both a man of letters and a man of science. His social and institutional affiliations, in turn, affected how Maupertuis formulated his ideas, how he presented them to his contemporaries, and the reactions they provoked. Terrall not only illuminates the life and work of a colorful and important Enlightenment figure, but also uses his story to delve into many wider issues, including the development of scientific institutions, the impact of print culture on science, and the interactions of science and government. Smart and highly readable, Maupertuis will appeal to anyone interested in eighteenth-century science and culture. “Terrall’s work is scholarship in the best sense. Her explanations of arcane 18th-century French physics, mathematics, astronomy, and biology are among the most lucid available in any language.”—Virginia Dawson, American Historical Review Winner of the 2003 Pfizer Award from the History of Science Society

Alexis Fontaine Des Bertins, Alexis-Claude Clairaut, Integral Calculus, and the Earth's Shape, 1730-1743

Author : John Leonard Greenberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Alexis Fontaine Des Bertins, Alexis-Claude Clairaut, Integral Calculus, and the Earth's Shape, 1730-1743 by : John Leonard Greenberg

Download or read book Alexis Fontaine Des Bertins, Alexis-Claude Clairaut, Integral Calculus, and the Earth's Shape, 1730-1743 written by John Leonard Greenberg and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Science and Empire in the Atlantic World

Author : James Delbourgo
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113589910X
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Empire in the Atlantic World by : James Delbourgo

Download or read book Science and Empire in the Atlantic World written by James Delbourgo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-09-25 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and Empire in the Atlantic World is the first book in the growing field of Atlantic Studies to examine the production of scientific knowledge in the Atlantic world from a comparative and international perspective. Rather than focusing on a specific scientific field or single national context, this collection captures the multiplicity of practices, people, languages, and agendas that characterized the traffic in knowledge around the Atlantic world, linking this knowledge to the social processes fundamental to colonialism, such as travel, trade, ethnography, and slavery.